Managing Tablespaces and Datafiles

Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2001. All rights reserved.

 Objectives

After completing this lesson, you should be able to do

the following:
Define the purpose of tablespaces and datafiles
Create tablespaces
Manage tablespaces
Create and manage tablespaces using Oracle
Managed Files (OMF)

8-2 Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2001. All rights reserved.

 Tablespaces and Datafiles

Oracle stores data logically in tablespaces and

physically in datafiles.
Tablespaces:
Can belong to only one database at a time
Consist of one or more datafiles
Are further divided into logical units of storage
Datafiles:
Database
Can belong to only one
tablespace and one database Tablespace
Are a repository for schema
object data
Datafiles

8-3 Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2001. All rights reserved.

 Types of Tablespaces

SYSTEM tablespace
Created with the database
Contains the data dictionary
Contains the SYSTEM undo segment
Non-SYSTEM tablespace
Separate segments
Eases space administration
Controls amount of space allocated to a user

8-4 Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2001. All rights reserved.

 Creating Tablespaces

A tablespace is created using the command:

CREATE TABLESPACE
CREATE TABLESPACE userdata
DATAFILE '/u01/oradata/userdata01.dbf' SIZE 100M
AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 5M MAXSIZE 200M;

8-5 Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2001. All rights reserved.

 Space Management in Tablespaces

Locally managed tablespace:

Free extents managed in the tablespace
Bitmap is used to record free extents
Each bit corresponds to a block or group of blocks
Bit value indicates free or used
Dictionary-managed tablespace:
Free extents are managed by the data dictionary
Appropriate tables are updated when extents are
allocated or deallocated

8-9 Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2001. All rights reserved.

 Locally Managed Tablespaces

Reduced contention on data dictionary tables

No undo generated when space allocation or
deallocation occurs
No coalescing required
CREATE TABLESPACE userdata
DATAFILE '/u01/oradata/userdata01.dbf' SIZE 500M
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL UNIFORM SIZE 128K;

8-10 Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2001. All rights reserved.

 Dictionary-Managed Tablespaces

Extents are managed in the data dictionary

Each segment stored in the tablespace can have a
different storage clause
Coalescing required
CREATE TABLESPACE userdata
DATAFILE '/u01/oradata/userdata01.dbf'
SIZE 500M EXTENT MANAGEMENT DICTIONARY
DEFAULT STORAGE
(initial 1M NEXT 1M PCTINCREASE 0);

8-12 Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2001. All rights reserved.

 Undo Tablespace

Used to store undo segments

Cannot contain any other objects
Extents are locally managed
Can only use the DATAFILE and EXTENT
MANAGEMENT clauses
CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE undo1
DATAFILE '/u01/oradata/undo01.dbf' SIZE 40M;

8-13 Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2001. All rights reserved.

 Temporary Tablespaces

Used for sort operations

Cannot contain any permanent objects
Locally managed extents recommended
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp
TEMPFILE '/u01/oradata/temp01.dbf' SIZE 500M
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL UNIFORM SIZE 4M;

8-14 Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2001. All rights reserved.

 Default Temporary Tablespace

Specifies a database-wide default temporary

tablespace
Eliminates using SYSTEM tablespace for storing
temporary data
Can be created by using:
CREATE DATABASE
Locally managed
ALTER DATABASE
ALTER DATABASE
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp;

8-17 Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2001. All rights reserved.

 Creating a Default Temporary Tablespace

During database creation:

CREATE DATABASE DBA01
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 ('/$HOME/ORADATA/u01/redo01.log') SIZE 100M,
GROUP 2 ('/$HOME/ORADATA/u02/redo02.log') SIZE 100M,
MAXLOGFILES 5
MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
MAXLOGHISTORY 1
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 1
DATAFILE '/$HOME/ORADATA/u01/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M
UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs
DATAFILE '/$HOME/ORADATA/u02/undotbs01.dbf' SIZE 200
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp
TEMPFILE '/$HOME/ORADATA/u03/temp01.dbf' SIZE 4M
CHARACTER SET US7ASCII

8-18 Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2001. All rights reserved.

 Creating a Default Temporary Tablespace

After database creation:

ALTER DATABASE
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE default_temp2;

To find the default temporary tablespace for the

database query DATABASE_PROPERTIES
SELECT * FROM DATABASE_PROPERTIES;

8-19 Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2001. All rights reserved.

 Restrictions on Default Temporary
Tablespace

Default temporary tablespaces cannot be:

Dropped until after a new default is made available
Taken offline
Altered to a permanent tablespace

8-21 Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2001. All rights reserved.

 Read Only Tablespaces

Use the following command to place a tablespace in

read only mode
ALTER TABLESPACE userdata READ ONLY;

Causes a checkpoint
Data available only for read operations
Objects can be dropped from tablespace

8-22 Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2001. All rights reserved.

 Taking a Tablespace Offline

Not available for data access

Tablespaces that cannot be taken offline:
SYSTEM tablespace
Tablespaces with active undo segments
Default temporary tablespace
To take a tablespace offline:
ALTER TABLESPACE userdata OFFLINE;

To bring a tablespace online:

ALTER TABLESPACE userdata ONLINE;

8-25 Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2001. All rights reserved.

 Changing Storage Settings

Using ALTER TABLESPACE command to change

storage settings:
ALTER TABLESPACE userdata MINIMUM EXTENT 2M;

ALTER TABLESPACE userdata

DEFAULT STORAGE (INITIAL 2M NEXT 2M
MAXEXTENTS 999);

Storage settings for locally managed tablespaces

cannot be altered.

8-28 Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2001. All rights reserved.

 Resizing a Tablespace

A tablespace can be resized by:

Changing the size of a datafile:
Automatically using AUTOEXTEND
Manually using ALTER TABLESPACE
Adding a datafile using ALTER TABLESPACE

8-30 Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2001. All rights reserved.

 Enabling Automatic Extension
of Datafiles

Can be resized automatically with the following

commands:
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE TABLESPACE
ALTER TABLESPACE ADD DATAFILE
Example:
CREATE TABLESPACE user_data
DATAFILE
'/u01/oradata/userdata01.dbf' SIZE 200M
AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10M MAXSIZE 500M;

Query the DBA_DATA_FILES view to determine

whether AUTOEXTEND is enabled.
8-31 Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2001. All rights reserved.
 Manually Resizing a Datafile

Manually increase or decrease a datafile size using

ALTER DATABASE
Resizing a datafile adds more space without adding
more datafiles
Manual resizing of a datafile reclaims unused space
in database
Example:
ALTER DATABASE
DATAFILE '/u03/oradata/userdata02.dbf'
RESIZE 200M;

8-34 Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2001. All rights reserved.

 Adding Datafiles to a Tablespace

Increases the space allocated to a tablespace by

adding additional datafiles
ADD DATAFILE clause is used to add a datafile
Example:
ALTER TABLESPACE user_data
ADD DATAFILE '/u01/oradata/userdata03.dbf'
SIZE 200M;

8-35 Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2001. All rights reserved.

 Methods for Moving Datafiles

ALTER TABLESPACE
Tablespace must be offline
Target datafiles must exist
ALTER TABLESPACE userdata RENAME
DATAFILE '/u01/oradata/userdata01.dbf'
TO '/u02/oradata/userdata01.dbf';
Steps to rename a datafile:
Take the tablespace offline.
Use an OS command to move or copy the files.
Execute the ALTER TABLESPACE RENAME DATAFILE
command.
Bring the tablespace online.
Use an OS command to delete the file if necessary.

8-37 Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2001. All rights reserved.

 Methods for Moving Datafiles

ALTER DATABASE
Database must be mounted
Target datafile must exist

ALTER DATABASE RENAME

FILE '/u01/oradata/system01.dbf'
TO '/u03/oradata/system01.dbf';

8-38 Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2001. All rights reserved.

 Dropping Tablespaces

Cannot drop a tablespace if it:

Is the SYSTEM tablespace
Has active segments
INCLUDING CONTENTS drops the segments
INCLUDING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES deletes
datafiles
CASCADE CONSTRAINTS drops all referential
integrity constraints
DROP TABLESPACE userdata
INCLUDING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES;

8-40 Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2001. All rights reserved.

 Managing Tablespaces Using OMF

Define the DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST parameter in one

of the following ways:
Initialization parameter file
Set dynamically using ALTER SYSTEM command
ALTER SYSTEM SET
db_create_file_dest = '/u01/oradata/dba01';

When creating the tablespace:

Datafile is automatically created and located in
DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST
Default size is 100 MB
AUTOEXTEND is set to UNLIMITED

8-43 Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2001. All rights reserved.

 Managing Tablespaces with OMF

Creating an OMF tablespace:

CREATE TABLESPACE text_data DATAFILE SIZE 20M;

Adding an OMF datafile to an existing tablespace:

ALTER TABLESPACE text_data ADD DATAFILE;

Dynamically changing default file location:

ALTER SYSTEM SET
db_create_file_dest = '/u01/oradata/dba01';
Dropping a tablespace includes deleting OS files:

8-44 Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2001. All rights reserved.

 Obtaining Tablespace Information

Obtaining tablespace and datafile information can be

obtained by querying the following:
Tablespaces:
DBA_TABLESPACES
V$TABLESPACE
Datafile information:
DBA_DATA_FILES
V$DATAFILE
Temp file information:
DBA_TEMP_FILES
V$TEMPFILE

8-45 Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2001. All rights reserved.

 Summary

In this lesson, you should have learned how to:

Use tablespaces to separate data
Create various types of tablespaces
Manage tablespaces
Manage tablespaces using OMF

8-46 Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2001. All rights reserved.

 Practice 8 Overview

This practice covers the following topics:

Creating tablespaces
Modifying tablespaces
Configuring for and creating a tablespace using
OMF

8-47 Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2001. All rights reserved.

8-48 Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2001. All rights reserved.