Pre-TEST

OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, you will be able
to :
To know basic of computer and
understand its purpose
To know some important parts of the
history of computer and its biggest
contributors
 To recall input and output devices and
understand its use and importance.
To learn how to turn on and off the
computer properly
To acquire knowledge on basic ideas of
everything in the Desktop
EARLIEST COMPUTING DEVICES

Abacus
known as the
first invented
manual data
processing
device.
It can perform addition, and subtraction
problems faster than a personal equipped with
hand calculator but slower in multiplication and
division
John Napier a
Scottish
mathematician who
is known for his
invention of
logarithm in early
1600s, a technology
that allow
multiplication
Napiers Bone a device developed by
John Napier. It consist of a set of eleven rods
made of ivory sticks with numbers carved on
them. It can perform multiplication and
division by simply placing the rods side by
side
Blaise Pascal a seventeenth-
century French mathematician and
scientist. He was one of the first modern
scientists to develop and built a
calculator. In mid 1600s he invented the
Pascaline as an aid for his father who
was a tax collector
Pacaline or Pascals Calculator a
device that could perform addition and
subtraction of numbers of up to eight digits.
A Pascaline consisted of gears and
cylinders which rotated to display the
numerical result.
Gottfried Wilhelm von
Leibniz a German scientist
and co-inventor with Newton
managed to build a calculator
that could perform the four
basic functions: addition,
subtraction, multiplication,
and division. Leibniz was the
first to advocate the use of
the fundamentals to the
operation of modern
computers, the binary number
system.
Leibnizs CalculatorIt can also perform
multiplication and division and extract square
roots of a number.
Charles Babbage
an English
mathematician of the
nineteenth-century who
proposed a steam-driven
calculating machine
around 1800. He was
considered to be the
Father of the Modern
Computer.
 Babbages
Differential
Engine This
machine would be
able to compute
tables of numbers,
such as logarithm
tables and was

designed to automate a standard procedure for calculating roots

of polynomials. But, unfortunately, the construction of
Babbages Difference Engine was never finished because it was
very complicated and very expensive. Making it was the most
expensive government-funded project during that time. After
ten years, the device remained incomplete until funding dried up
and it was abandoned.
Babbages Analytical
Engine This machine had
two main parts, the Store
and the Mill as Babbage
called it. Both terms are used
in the weaving industry.
Numbers were held in the
Store and the Mill was
where they were woven
into new results. These two
main parts in modern
computers are called the
memory unit and the central
processing unit (CPU)
 Augusta Ada Byron,
Lady Lovelace The
daughter of the illustrious poet,
Lord Byron born in December 10,
1815. Ada worked with Babbage.
Ada suggested to Babbage,
writing a plan for how the
Analytical Engine might calculate
Bernoulli numbers, she wrote a
series of Note where she
demonstrated a sequence if
instructions she had prepared for
the Analytic Engine. This plan is now regarded as the first
Computer Programmer. This is why many refer to her as the
First Programmer. In her honor in late 1900, a software
language developed by the U.S. Department of Defense was
named Ada.
 Herman Hollerith A
statistician with the U S Bureau
of the Census. The census
bureau offered a prize for an
inventor to help process the
results of the 1890 census and
this was won by him who
completed this machine and
who successfully adopted
Jacquards punched cards for
the purpose of computation.
Herman Hollerith is the father of modern machine data
processing. His invention of the punched card machine
marked the beginning of the automatic data processing
age. Whereas punched cards had previously been used to
control looms, Hollerith now used them to store data.
Holleriths Punched
Card an
electromagnetic counting
machine invented by
Herman Hollerith. It used
punched cards to sort the
data manually and
tabulate the data during
the 1890 US census. It
has a card reader which
senses the holes in the
cards, a gear-drive
mechanism for counting,
and displays the results on
a large wall of dial
indicators.
COMPUTER SYSTEM
Computer components
are different devices
with different tasks.
These components are
called peripherals.
 The basic computer hardware
system is composed of the System
Unit (CPU), keyboard, mouse,
monitor, printer and speakers.
PARTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM
SYSTEM UNIT
The CPU (Central
Processing Unt) is found
in the MOTHERBOARD.
It is known as brain of
the computer..
PARTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM

It follows special
commands called
programs. It processes
the data you enter into
it using the program you
choose.
MONITOR
The monitor allows
the user to see what the
computer is doing. Its
like a television. The
letters, drawings,
pictures or movies could
be seen on it.
KEYBOARD
The keyboard is used to type data
into the computer. It is one way of
telling the computer what to do.
MOUSE
The mouse is a pointing
device. It is used to enter
data and commands into
the computer. It moves the
pointer on the monitor
screen.
SPEAKER
The speaker is one
of the computer
parts that converts
electrical signal to
sound. It allows the
user to hear music.
PRINTER
The printer is a
machine that takes
what you have created
in your computer and
places them on paper.
INPUT DEVICES
Following are few of the important input devices
which are used in a computer:

Keyboard Graphic Tablet

Mouse Microphone
Joy Stick Magnetic Ink Card Reader(MICR)
Light pen Optical Character Reader(OCR)
Track Ball Bar Code Reader
Scanner Optical Mark Reader(OMR)
KEYBOARD
Keyboard is the most common and
very popular input device which helps in
inputting data to the computer. The
layout of the keyboard is like that of
traditional typewriter, although there are
some additional keys provided for
performing additional functions.
MOUSE
Mouse is most popular pointing
device. It is a very famous cursor-
control device having a small palm size
box with a round ball at its base which
senses the movement of mouse and
sends corresponding signals to CPU
when the mouse buttons are pressed.
 Generally it has two buttons called
left and right button and a wheel is
present between the buttons. Mouse
can be used to control the position of
cursor on screen, but it cannot be used
to enter text into the computer.
JOYSTICK

Joystick is also a pointing device

which is used to move cursor position
on a monitor screen. It is a stick having
a spherical ball at its both lower and
upper ends. The lower spherical ball
moves in a socket. The joystick can be
moved in all four directions.
JOYSTICK

The function of joystick is similar to

that of a mouse. It is mainly used in
Computer Aided Designing(CAD) and
playing computer games.
LIGHT PEN
Light pen is a pointing device which
is similar to a pen. It is used to select a
displayed menu item or draw pictures
on the monitor screen. It consists of a
photocell and an optical system placed
in a small tube.
LIGHT PEN
When the tip of a light pen is
moved over the monitor screen and pen
button is pressed, its photocell sensing
element detects the screen location and
sends the corresponding signal to the
CPU.
TRACK BALL
Track ball is an input device that is
mostly used in notebook or laptop
computer, instead of a mouse. This is a
ball which is half inserted and by
moving fingers on ball, pointer can be
moved.
TRACK BALL
Since the whole device is not
moved, a track ball requires less space
than a mouse. A track ball comes in
various shapes like a ball, a button and
a square.
SCANNER
Scanner is an input device which works
more like a photocopy machine. It is used when
some information is available on a paper and it
is to be transferred to the hard disc of the
computer for further manipulation. Scanner
captures images from the source which are then
converted into the digital form that can be
stored on the disc. These images can be edited
before they are printed.
DIGITIZER
Digitizer is an input device which converts
analog information into digital form. Digitizer can
convert a signal from the television or camera
into a series of numbers that could be stored in
a computer. They can be used by the computer
to create a picture of whatever the camera had
been pointed at.
DIGITIZER

Digitizer is also known as Tablet or

Graphics Tablet because it converts graphics
and pictorial data into binary inputs. A graphic
tablet as digitizer is used for doing fine works of
drawing and image manipulation applications.
MICROPHONE

Microphone is an input device to input

sound that is then stored in digital form. The
microphone is used for various applications like
adding sound to a multimedia presentation or
for mixing music.
OUTPUT DEVICES
Following are few of the important output
devices which are used in a computer.

Monitors
Graphic Plotter
Printer
MONITOR
Monitors, commonly called as Visual
Display Unit (VDU), are the main output device of
a computer. It forms images from tiny dots,
called pixels that are arranged in a rectangular
form. The sharpness of the image depends upon
the number of pixels.
MONITOR
There are two kinds of viewing screen used
for monitors.

1. Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT)

2. Flat- Panel Display
CATHODE -RAY TUBE
MONITOR
The CRT display is made up of small
picture elements called pixels. The smaller the
pixels, the better the image clarity, or resolution.
It takes more than one illuminated pixel to form
whole character, such as the letter e in the
word help..
FLAT PANEL DISPLAY
MONITOR
The flat-panel display refers to a class of
video devices that have reduced volume, weight
and power requirement in comparison to the
CRT. You can hang them on walls or wear them
on your wrists. Current uses of flat-panel
displays include calculators, video games,
monitors, laptop computer, graphics display.
PRINTER
Printer is an output device, which is used to
print information on paper.

There are two types of printers:

Impact Printers
Non-Impact Printers
IMPACT PRINTER
The impact printers print the characters by
striking them on the ribbon which is then
pressed on the paper.

Characteristics of Impact Printers are the

following:
Very low consumable costs
Very noisy
Useful for bulk printing due to low cost
There is physical contact with the paper to
produce an image
 DAISY WHEEL

DOT MATRIX
PRINTER
NON-IMPACT PRINTER
Non-impact printers print the characters
without using ribbon. These printers print a
complete page at a time so they are also called
as Page Printers.

These printers are of two types

Laser Printers
Inkjet Printers
LASER PRINTER

These are non-impact page printers. They

use laser lights to produce the dots needed to
form the characters to be printed on a page.
Characteristics of Non-impact Printers
Faster than impact printers.
They are not noisy.
High quality.
Support many fonts and
different character size.
INKJET PRINTER
Inkjet printers are non-impact character
printers based on a relatively new technology.
They print characters by spraying small drops
of ink onto paper. Inkjet printers produce high
quality output with presentable features.
INKJET PRINTER
They make less noise because no
hammering is done and these have many
styles of printing modes available. Colour
printing is also possible. Some models of Inkjet
printers can produce multiple copies of printing
also.
HOW TO TURN ON THE COMPUTER SYSTEM
1. Plug-in the AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulator)
2. Click the ON button of the AVR
(if it turns red, it signals that the next step is
ready to perform)
3. Click the ON button in front of the System Unit.
(If the light of the keyboard on its right turns
on, it means that your computer is now starting
to open)
4. Finally, your computer will be ready to use.
HOW TO TURN OFF THE COMPUTER SYSTEM
1. On Desktop opens, go to START MENU and find
for the button which indicates that you are going
to perform the shutting down of the computer
and click SHUT DOWN.
2. Wait for a few minutes before turning off the AVR.
Note: (Make sure that the computer is really
not working before clicking the OFF button or
else your computer may be damaged.)
3. Turn off the AVR and unplug it.
 HOW DOES
EACH FUNCTION
WORKS?
SHUTDOWN it closes all programs and
windows, then turns off the computer

HIBERNATE it saves session and turns off

computer . When turning on the computer,
session will be restored

SLEEP to put the computer to a low-power

state hat can quickly return to the state that it
was in before you put it to sleep
RESTART it closes all programs and windows,
then starts windows again

LOG-OFF keeps the computer active, and just

shuts off the programs that were stated by the
user account.

SWITCH USER switch user without closing

program
What is COLD Boot and WARM boot?
When does it happen?
Rebooting a computer through the
menu option or the keystroke combination is
sometimes referred to as a warm boot,
perhaps because it is more gentle than the
alternative cold boot(simply pressing the
computer's power button once to turn it off
and then again to turn it back on).
COMPUTER DESKTOP
DESKTOP ICONS
RIGHT THIS OPTION MENU
CLICK APPEARS WHEN YOU
USE RIGHT CLICK AT
THE DESKTOP. IT IS
COMMONLY CONSIST
OF VIEW, SORT BY,
REFRESH, PASTE,
PASTE SHORTCUT,
UNDO DELETE, NEW,
DISPLAY SETTINGS
AND PERSONALIZE
VIEW View Menu is use to
arrange the
appearance of icons on
the desktop. It has the
submenus Large
Icons, Medium Icons,
Small Icons, Auto
arrange icons and Align
icons to grid for the
appearance of the
icons.
Note: When Show
desktop icons is uncheck
the icons will be in hide
mode.
SORT BY

Sort by menu is
used to sort the
icon base on the
selected category
such as NAME,
SIZE, ITEM TYPE,
and DATE
MODIFIED.
REFRESH, PASTE, PASTE
SHORTCUT, UNDO DELETE
Refresh option is used to
refresh the computer.
Paste is use to paste the
copied item/s. Or use the
shortcut key of paste Ctrl +
V.
Paste Shortcut is used to
create shortcut of some
files that has been copied.
(Copy the file use right click
at the desktop then select
Paste shortcut)
Undo Delete is use to discard
previous changes done by
the computer user.
HOW TO CREATE A NEW FOLDER AT DESKTOP?
Right Click to the desktop,
then from the option
menu select NEW and
select FOLDER.
Then new folder will appear
for renaming.

Note: New menu can also be

use to directly create new
files such as the Microsoft
Office files at the desktop.
CREATE A DESKTOP BACKGROUND SLIDESHOW
This window appears after
Right Click to the selecting personalize.
desktop then the
Option menu will Click on > Desktop
appear, select Background. To create a
Personalize. slideshow, you need to
select any entry for the >
Picture location drop-down
menu other than the
default Solid colors.
Now> Browse for the
folder that hold your
pictures, > Select the ones
you like, Choose a >
Picture position and time
interval to >Change the
Picture. Finally Click the
>SAVE changes button.
CHANGE THE WINDOWS THEME

Changing the theme

will have the
greatest impact on
your system in
terms of look and
feel. And youll be
surprised how easy
it is. > Right Click
desktop and select>
Personalize. You
can now select a
default theme.
END OF THE LESSON
Thank You!
REVIEW
EXERCISE: 1

1.Turn on your computer properly.

2.Create a folner in a desktop and
rename it into INTRO1.
3.Delete the created folder.
4.Undo the deleting of folder.
5.Shutdown the computer properly.