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TEMS Training
TEMS Training
INTRODUCTION
whats TEMS
TEMS as DRIVE TEST TOOLS
drive testing highlight
mode of drive test
scan
Drive Test New Site/ Initial Drive Test
TEMS to
Initiate the see
drive test after a how
site on-air. the
Make sure network runs
that site perform well after on-air.
WHATS TEMS
A Test tool use to read and control information sent over the air
Interface between the base station and the mobile station in GSM
/cellular system. It can also used for radio coverage measurement
Introduction
WHATS TEMS
Product of TEMS
TEMS Transmitter TEMS Automatic TEMS CellPlanner
TEMS Light TEMS LinkPlanner
TEMS Indoor
TEMS Investigation
TEMS Deskcat
TEMS Drive Tester TEMS Automatic
TEMS Pocket TEMS CellSight
TEMS Visualization
Introduction
WHATS TEMS
Introduction
WHATS TEMS
Software
Handset
Introduction
WHATS TEMS
Implementation
Michael pipikakis
Optimization
Evaluating and Improving
The Quality of Service of
Second Generation Cellular
System
September,2004
As Drive Test Tools
DRIVE TESTING HIGHLIGHTS
Laptop
Notes :
-power supply needed, usually using inverter in the car from laptop, GPS and MS
-GPS should use external antenna
-MS can use external antenna or not use external antenna.
(Use external antenna means measure RxLevel Pedestrian / Street Level)
(Not use external antenna means measure RxLevel In car level) -> more realistic result
If using scenario not external antenna, MS position should be carefully chosen and stable
during drive test
As Drive Test Tools
MODE OF DRIVE TEST
THE USE
In PLANNING works:
etc
To See How the Network Runs
THE USE
In Implementation Works:
etc
To See How the Network Runs
THE USE
In Optimization works:
Several measurement is only available and recorded in idle mode (C1,C2 etc)
Several measurement is only available and recorded in dedicated mode (RxQual, SQI, FER etc)
This is happen because of GSM system network works, not because setting in TEMS
There are several option/feature can be activated by user (force handover, lock handover etc)
which change TEMS measurement behavior
IMPORTANT NOTICE :
In GSM, there are two types of values presented for RxQual, namelyRxQual Full and RxQual
Sub. RxLev, the parameter representing thesignal strength , also has similar Full
and Sub values.The FULL values are based upon all frames on the SACCH multiframe,whether
they have been transmitted from the base station or not. This meansthat if DTX DL has been
used, the FULL values will be invalid for that periodsince they include bit-error measurements at
periods when nothing has beensent resulting in very high BER.In total, 100 bursts (25 blocks) will
be used for the FULL values
The SUB values are based on the mandatory frames on the SACCH multiframe. These
frames Must always be transmitted.
.How TEMS measure FULL or SUB measurement?
TEMS record both SUB and FULL measurement at the same time and at the same
log files, it is just need to set what we wan to see in replay mode.
FULL
SUB
LOG FILE
To See How the Network Runs
WHAT TO SEE WHAT TO MEASURE
Parameters to See
1. RxLevel
Level of Received signal strength. In dBm or Steps. If the value in form of step substract 110 to
the value to get dBm value.
RxLevel is received power level at MS (maximum RxLevel measured by MS is () 40 dBm
2. RxQual
Received signal quality level, measured base on BER (bit error rate).
The value is between 0-7, the lower the better.
Better
3. SQI
The parameter used by TEMS to measure Speech Quality.
SQI has been designed to cover all factors that RxQual lack to measure.
SQI computation considers the factors:
Better
To See How the Network Runs
WHAT TO SEE WHAT TO MEASURE
4. Others
FER
Frame erasure rate
BCCH-BSIC
Hopping
SFH
C/I
Interference
TA
Time Advance
C1
Path loss criterion parameter
C2
Cell reselection criterion parameter in hierarchical cell structure
4. Others
ARFCN BCCH-BSIC Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number of Broadcast Control Channel.
Base Station Identity Code
Important data of a site
C/I
The carrier-over-interference ratio is the ratio between the signal strength of the current
serving cell and the signal strength of undesired (interfering) signal components. The C/I measurement
function built into TEMS Investigation enables the identification of frequencies that are exposed to
particularly high levels of interference, something which comes in useful in the verification and
optimization of frequency plans.
TA
Timing Advance. Valid only in dedicated mode. ; To measure the distance of MS from
serving cell. Valid only in dedicated mode. See on Radio Parameter windows.
1. BTS Down
Get in to the site (whether its new or existing), then see on TEMS display,
At parameters BCCH, BSIC. If the intended sites BCCH doesnt appear, the site is Down
If we dont have the site data. We can go the exact position of the site, near/under the antenna.
Then see if on the serving cell, the Rxlev is good ( above -60 dBm)
To See How the Network Runs
CASES
2. Handover
sect2
sect1
To See How the Network Runs
CASES
4. Overshoot
When we get the signal from the site that not close to the current area drive test.
Usually we get bad RxQual and long/bigger TA.
We can suspect this as a overshoot case. This case happen when a site/cell is serving far
away from its area.
Guidelines
Drive Test Types
Drive Test only at certain spot (usually critical point), TEMS standing still, no movement for 1-5
minutes but still recording.
Usually for scanning frequency or to investigate more detailed network behaviour
Guidelines
Drive Test Guideline
1. Preparation
Dont go to the field without a good preparation. Prepare the tools completeness, maps, cars,
scenarios, sites data, knowing area we are heading to.
2. Check Tools
Beside checking the tools completeness. Also check each tools if its working well, such as
the GPS, inverter, handset, including SIM card.
3. Some Rules
- Avoid to have the same route twice, or go on the same road twice.
- Beware of certain area, such as restricted area, one way street, traffic jam streets.
- Create simple/effective way of scenarios, where to start until finishing the route.
- Good cooperation with driver.
- Make sure the roads on the route, can represent the whole network as samples.
4. Pay Attention
Even if were only collecting data, we must focus on our activity. Avoid the things that can
make us re-drive test , such as, data cable unplugged from its MS, forget to turn-off the GPRS
mode when we dont need GPRS to measure, run out GPS batteries, forget to record, forget
the purpose of the drive test, assure the data collected is right, pay attention of car speed,
create notes for special events, etc.
5. Reporting and Analysis
TEMS can divided as two, data collection and analysis. After drive test on the field, we must
provide data to be analyze and reported. Make sure we can create a good report and analyze
well, by performing all of the points above.
Guidelines
Reporting Guidelines
1. Drive test report basically can be divided as two: Plot and Statistic.
BCCH: 59
=0
Statistics
Plot
2. Before we can create the report, make sure we have the right standard for each value
reported. Such as how many ranges the treshold of RxLevel, and RxQual. The color
ranges of SQI and FER, etc.
3. Export the right data for Plotting. To create Plot report, for example we need the logfile
to be mapinfo files. Make sure we have TEMS 4 above, that can directly export the
logfile into mapinfo file. Or, if we have TEMS 3 below, make sure we have third-party
software that can create it, such as GIMS.
4. For statistic report, usually we only need the excel file and some of mapinfo data.
Each version of TEMS investigation can export the logfile into text file, *.fmt. This
format can open , and manage with Microsoft Excel.
Ms
id TIME FRAME POSITION MESSAGE TYPE HEXADECIMAL STRING
LAT LON
-To Monitor the event and signaling sent and received by Phone
- List Messages of event and signaling
Scanning is handled from the Frequency Scanner window, and here the output of
the scan is displayed, too
Scanning Function inside TEMS
BCCH BSIC Average Rx Level (dBm)
51 35 -104
52 - -115
53 26 -110
54 - -114
55 - -105
56 - -115
57 26 -111
58 - -114
59 - -115
60 - -115
61 - -111
62 - -113
63 - -115
64 - -115
65 - -115
66 15 -110
67 - -114
68 - -114
69 - -114
70 - -114
Scanning Function inside TEMS
Procedure:
In the Frequency Scanner window, choose the unit to use as scanner in the
Selecting Channels combo box.
Click the Measurement Settings button.
The channel selection is handled from the Scanned channels tab:
Performing Scan
To start scanning, click the Start Scanning button.
While the scanning is going on, the status bar shows the padlock symbol , indicating that the scanner is busy.
To stop scanning, click the Stop Scanning button.
Presenting Scan
Bar Chart
Line Chart
Table
BCCH BSIC Average Rx Level
(dBm)
Scanning Function inside TEMS
51 35 -104
52 - -115
After Process / Report
53 26 -110
Plot 54 - -114
Export to text (.fmt), open and process with Excel spreedsheet 60 - -115
61 - -111
62 - -113
63 - -115
64 - -115
65 - -115
66 15 -110
67 - -114
68 - -114
69 - -114
70 - -114
HINTS for MS:
Life time MS measurement equipment maximum 1 year, if more than 1 year need to be re-
calibrate
Calibration MSs cost almost the same price buy a new one
Ericsson only support 2 version below for re-calibrate (eq : latest version is TEMS 7.0, means only
can re-calibrate handset at version 5)
If MS not calibrated or buy a new one, it will impact into the measurement (such as RxLevel and
RxQual) will reduced and not valid => KPI will not achived
TEMS always have bugs (even latest version) both coming from software or from type MS itself,
need knowledge to anticipated it (such as wrong RxLevel recorded)
HINTS for PC/Laptop:
Ericsson.com/tems
Michael Pipikakis, Evaluating and Improving The Quality of Service of Second
Generation Cellular System, September,2004
TEMS Investigation 4.0 Manual
TEMS Investigation 2.03 Manual
TEMS Investigation 7.0 Product Description
END