Multirate Systems: Sampling Rate Conversion
D/A followed by A/D at new
sampling frequency (using
Nyquist theorem)
High distortion due to
interpolation filter used in D/A
and the quantizer used in A/D
Low speed of A/D and D/A
converters
Multirate system
performs conversion in
digital domain hence
reduce required system
computation,
bandwidth or storage
requirement.
Applications of Multirate systems
Processing of sound i.e. Audio /speech/music

Processing of Image and video

Wireless Communication Technologies

Internet of Things (IoT), etc.

Upsampling by a factor of L
 Issues in Upsampling

x[n ] y[m]
L H z

Most terms here are zero and waste time to process them
here!!!!

y[m]
L H z
Polyphase interpolation

Apply
Noble
identity

Polyphase Decomposition of
the filter
Downsampling
by a factor of M

As shown below,
downsampling expands each
2-periodic repetition of
X(ej) by a factor
of M along the -axis, and
reduces the gain by a factor of
M. If x[m] is not bandlimited
to /M, aliasing may result
from spectral overlap.
Issues in Downsampling
x[n ] y[m]
H z M

We compute here and throw away most of them here!!!!

M
Polyphase Decimation

Apply
Noble
identity

Polyphase Decomposition of
the filter
 Rational Rate Conversion (L/M)

The important issues:

a) Filtering at highest sampling rate, which leads to higher
computational complexity.
b) Delay Minimization
c) Non-causality
d) Generalized structure