Data Modelling:

Normalization
Data base normalization is a technique
of organizing the data in the data base
to achieve these goals:
- Eliminating redundancy
- Ensuring data is stored in the correct
table
- Eliminating need for restructuring
database when data is added

A relational normalised database imposes a heavy access load

over physical storage of data even if it is well tuned for high
performance.
Normalisation: The First Three Forms

INVOICE TABLE
INV CUS NA AD QU PAR AM QU PAR AM QU PAR AM
OICE
TO ME DRE AN T-1 NT- AN T- NT- AN T- NT-
ME SS T- 1 T-2 2 2 T-3 3 3
R 1
101 23 Raj Gari 200 Scr 2 300 Nut 2.2 100 Was 0.7
a ew 5 her 5
1O 27 Am Salt 1 Mot 52 5 Bra 44.
2 y Lak or ce 50
e
103 23 Raj Gari 10 Saw 121
a
1ST Normal Form(1NF)
There should be no repeating or duplicate
fields
1NF requires to make a separate line item

table, with its own key

Normalised Form 1
LINE ITEM TABLE
CUSTOMER INFORMATION

INV LINE CUS NA ADD QUA PAR AMT

INVOICE TABLE OIC T ME NT T
E
INVOICE 101 1 23 Raj Gari 200 Scre 2
101 a w

102 101 2 23 Raj Gari 300 Nut 2.25

a
103
101 3 23 Raj Gari 100 Was 0.75
a her
102 1 27 Amy Salt 1 Mot 52
lake or
102 2 23 Amy Salt 10 Saw 121
2ND Normal Form(2NF)
Each column must depend on the entire
primary key
2NF requires to place the customer

information in the invoice table

 Normalized Form 2
LINE ITEM TABLE
INVOICE TABLE
INVOI LINE QUA PART AMT
INVOI CUST NAME ADD CE5 NT
CE
101 1 200 Screw 2
101 23 Raj Garia
101 2 300 Nut 2.25
102 27 Amy Salt
101 3 100 Wash 0.75
Lake
er
103 23 Raj Garia
102 1 1 Motor 52
102 2 10 Saw 121
103 1 5 Brace 44.5
3RD Normal Form
Each column must depend directly on the
primary key
Normalised Form 3
LINE ITEM TABLE
INVOICE TABLE

INVOICE CUST INVO LINE QUA PART AMT

101 23 ICE5 NT

102 27 101 1 200 Scre 2

w
CUST NAME ADD 101 2 300 Nut 2.25
23 Raj Garia 101 3 100 Wash 0.75
27 Amy Salt Lake er
23 Raj Garia 102 1 1 Moto 52
r
102 2 10 Saw 121
103 1 5 Brace 44.5