Basic Hand Tools

ELT
COLLISION REPAIR
 Goals
identify and describe use of common
hand tools
identify and describe use of vices and
clamps
identify and describe use of selected
specialty tools
describe safe use of tools
describe maintenance and storage of
tools
2
3
 Inch Drive
Available in 6 or 12
point sockets
Shallow, semi-deep
and deep sockets
available
Maximum torque
range is approx. 20
ft lbs.

4
 3/8 Drive
Sockets come in 6
and 12 point
varieties
Shallow, semi deep,
and deep sockets
Maximum torque
range is approx. 60
ft lbs.

5
 Universals
Come in all sizes, ,
3/8, and
Impact or chrome
finish
Allow access to
difficult to reach
fasteners

6
 Sockets
Shallow
Semi-deep
Deep
6 point
12 point
Impact
Chrome

7
 Sockets
Available in shallow,
semi-deep and deep
configurations
Impact or chrome
finish
6, 8, or 12 point
types

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Identify Basic Hand Tools

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 Wrenches
Top quality wrenches are forged from
fine-grade tool steel, machined to close
tolerances, hardened and tempered for
long service life.
Types include open-end, box- end,
combination box/open end, adjustable,
socket and locking grip styles.

10
 Box open

Double open ended

Double box end

11
Offset wrench

40

12
 6 and 12 point ends
See how much greater
flexibility a 12 point box
end gives the operator
12 point gives the
advantage of moving
the fastener in 30
degree increments as
opposed to 60 for the
6 point

13
 Box-end Wrenches
Made to grip all sides of nut or bolt head
Prevents slippage
Must be slipped over the end of nut or bolt-
head
Box end wrenches will normally have two
different sizes per wrench
Size of wrench refers to nut or bolt head
dimensions

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 Box-end Wrenches
Available as 6 or12 point design
6 point gives better grip
12 point gives more versatility as it is
only required to turn 300 to its next
available position while 6 point must
turn 600
Available as ratchet design

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 Open-end wrenches
do not provide as strong a grip as a box-
ended wrench
slip on the nut or bolt head from the side
two flat surfaces parallel to each other hold
onto parallel sides of nut or bolt-head
tend to slip or round the corners if too much
pressure is required
easier to use most instances

17
 Double Open End
Wrench angle may
vary from 15-80
degrees
Wrench will have
two different sizes
listed on the handle

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19
 Combination Wrench
box end on one end and open end on
the other
both ends will usually be the same size
gives the advantage of wrench that will
not slip as easily to start a nut, but one
that is easier to slide on and off the nut
once it has been loosened

20
21
 Adjustable Wrench
(crescent wrench)
has provision for adjusting the opening
for different size nuts or bolt heads
length of wrench will correspond with
jaw capacity
do not use where components are tight
and will require sizeable force to break
them free
22
 Adjustable Wrench
unless jaw is tightened to nut, etc,
there is potential for slipping on
fastener, which will usually damage
fastener
do not use on brass or soft material

23
 Adjustable Wrench
for light loads can be used in either
direction
greatest strength is with pressure being
applied to side of wrench with fixed jaw
adjustment mechanism should be
cleaned periodically and lightly oiled

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 Tubing Wrench
half way between a box-end and
combination wrench
designed to grab on five of the six sides
of a fitting
especially designed for used on line
fittings
always use for brass and copper fittings
less chance of damage to fitting
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 Socket Wrench
come in a great variety
designed to fit around the fastener and
give force to all sides
will fit into recesses
have swivel attachments
deep sockets where longer number of
threads are showing
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 Socket Wrench
different number of points available
4 and 8 point sockets are designed for 4
sided fasteners
6 and 12 point sockets are designed for
6 sided fasteners
4 and 6 point sockets will be stronger
because of the amount of metal

31

Socket Wrench
two types of construction - regular and
impact
impact sockets are designed for use with
impact wrenches
thicker walls and heavier construction allow
them to absorb the shock of an impact gun
impact sockets are not chrome plated as the
plating may crack and flake off
never use regular sockets with impact tool

32
 Socket Wrench
sockets attach to a handle with a square drive
common drive sizes range from 1/4 to 3/4
drive handle are the same for both metric and
imperial
several types of handles available
flex handle, ratchet, speed
many adapters available
extensions, u-joints etc.

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37
 Pipe Wrench
used for turning pipe and other round objects
teeth on the jaw will dig into the the material
being tightened and may damage it
do not use a pipe wrench to turn a bolt or a
nut unless the components is already
damaged
do no use on hardened surfaces - may dull or
chip the jaw teeth

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39
 Hexagon Key Wrench
(Allen Wrench)
Six sides - L-shaped
fit into a hexagon hole in a Allen screw
available as imperial or metric
sized according to distance between
parallel sides
available as socket style wrenches

40
 Hexagon Key Wrench
(Allen Wrench)
use the short end of the wrench on the screw
for breaking loose or final tightening
use the long end of the wrench in the screw
to spin the tools quickly for fast removal and
install of allen screw
Allen screws usually need to be only released
one or two turns to loosen the part they are
holding

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43
 Maintaining Wrenches
Keep clean - dirty wrenches can slip and
cause damage and contamination of the
work piece
Always use the correct size and type of
wrench for the job
Do not use a hammer on a wrench
Do not use a pipe or other means of
extending a wrench for greater leverage
44
Maintaining Wrenches (contd)
Adjustable wrenches and pipe wrenches
should be cleaned and lightly oiled
Do not use a wrench as a hammer
Do not use a socket as a bushing driver
Hexagon or Allen wrenches can be
reconditioned when the tip becomes
damaged
Grind back to obtain a true hexagon shape

45
Maintaining Wrenches (contd)
Hexagon or Allen wrenches can be
reconditioned when the tip becomes
damaged
Grind back to obtain a true hexagon
size and shape
Keep cool during grinding to avoid
removing temper

46
 Pliers
pliers available as many different types
and sizes
used for holding, gripping, cutting, and
crimping
usually forged from hardened steel and
then machined

47
 Slip-joint Pliers
most common general purpose pliers
adjusted to two size of jaw openings
jaws have hardened cross teeth to help
in gripping the object
jaws can damage soft materials
never use pliers for turning nuts or bolts
teeth will round off corners and damage
bolt or nut
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50
 Interlocking Slip-joint Pliers
commonly referred to as water pump
pliers or channel locks
can be opened to a number of positions
while keeping the jaws parallel with
each other
longer handles to aid in gripping when
opened for larger objects

51
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 Needle-nose Pliers
available in a variety of sizes
some incorporate a wire cutter
used to hold objects that are in tight
confines, etc.
available as round nose pliers
useful for bending wires into curves

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55
 Side Cutting Pliers
diagonal cut head or face
hardened steel cutting edges
allow to cut wire etc. close to the
surface

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 Locking Pliers
commonly called vise-grips
useful for holding panels or sheet metal
in place
can hold objects in place when you are
working alone and cannot reach both
inside and outside at same time
Very common in Collision Repair
straight, curved, needle nose, flat
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 Specialized Pliers
many different types of pliers available
electrical pliers (cutters, strippers and
crimpers)
battery terminal pliers
ignition pliers
snap ring pliers

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 Electrical Pliers
Cutters, strippers and crimpers
available for different types of wire
some are multi-function
better quality units are individual such
as stripper or cutter only

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 Snap Ring Pliers
two types - external snap rings and external
snap rings
internal snap rings require contracting jaws
external snap rings require expanding jaws
some will have serrated jaw surfaces to
prevent the snap ring from slipping, while
others have tips on the end of the jaws to fit
in holes in the snap rings

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 Metal Cutting Snips
Available in several different styles
Aviation snips come in red, green and
yellow
red and green typically to cut curves
red and green cutting different
directions of curve

70
 Metal Cutting Snips (contd)
Using these snips the jaws are curved so that
the metal being cut off will curve up out of
the way
the whole snip, except lower jaw will be
above the material being cut
this will mean that you do need both red and
green depending on the direction that you
are cutting through the material

71
Metal Cutting Tools

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 Metal Cutting Tools

Aviation Shears Tin Snips

73
 Maintaining Pliers
Pliers are not made to withstand pressures
greater than normal hand pressure
Never attempt to cut large screws or bolts
with electrical or side cutter pliers
Never attempt to cut hardened material with
pliers
Never put excessive side pressure on needle-
nose pliers

74
 Maintaining Pliers (contd)
Never use pliers for turning nuts and
bolts, as the teeth will round off the
corners and damage the nut or bolt
Lubricate the swivel point with a light
oil
Keep the pliers clean

75
 Screwdrivers
great variety of screwdrivers types and
sizes available
length of screwdriver is measured form
to to where handle joins the blade
shorter screwdrivers known as stubbies
most screwdrivers bits available for
screw guns or as socket wrenches

76
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 Blade Screwdrivers
blade screwdrivers are made to fit
screws with a single slot
size of screw head and slot are the
deciding factors for the screwdriver
selection
screwdriver blade should fit the slot
both in width and depth

78
 Blade Screwdrivers
too thin of a blade is likely to damage
the screwdriver
too thick of a blade is likely to damage
the screw
too wide of a blade is likely to damage
the material around the screw head
too narrow of a blade is likely to
damage the screwdriver
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 Phillips Screwdrivers
tip is shaped as an X or cross
the size of the screwdriver blade must
correspond to the size of the screw head
sizes 0, 1, 2, 3, & 4 available
0 being the smallest and 4 being the largest
using the wrong size screwdriver may
damage screw, screwdriver and surface

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 Robertson Screwdrivers
tips in the shape of a square with screw
having a recess for tip
size of screwdriver must correspond to
the size of screw
sizes 00, 0, 1, 2, 3, & 4 available
handles are color coordinated for ease
of selection

83
 Robertson Screwdrivers
orange 00 no. 1 & 2 screws
yellow 0 no. 3 & 4 screws
green 1 no. 5, 6, & 7 screws
red 2 no. 8, 9, & 10 screws
black 3 no. 12 & 14 screws
black 4 no. 16 & larger

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 Clutch Screwdrivers
screwdriver head and tip must match
not common in the automotive industry
some U.S. built RV coaches use them
available in 6 sizes from 3/32 to 5/16

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 Torx Screwdrivers
screw head and screwdriver tip must
match
looks like an allen wrench will fit, but
they are not compatible
very strong type of head
available as socket wrenches for a more
positive drive even with impact drivers

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 Maintaining Screwdrivers
Always use the right type of screwdriver for
the screw
Always use the right size of screwdriver head
for the screw
Never use a screwdriver as a punch, prying
tool, scraper of chisel
screwdrivers that are damaged or the wrong
size or type may damage the user or the
material being worked on or the screw head

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 Maintaining Screwdrivers
(contd)
Screwdriver bits are available for use in
reversible drills
Screwdriver bits are also available as
sockets, to enable you to put more
torque on a fitting

91
 Drill bits
Drill bits are available in clockwise and
counter clockwise rotation for different
applications
boring holes, bolt extraction
Other types may have specific
applications for cutting different
materials
metal, plastic, wood

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 Common Body Shop Drill Bits
Conventional bit

93
Stepped Drill Bit

94
 Twist drill

10-12 lip clearance angle

margin
flute
land
flute
cutting lip
dead centre

95
Twist Drill

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