Introduction

&
Early Embryology

Human Structure & Development

ANHB 2212

Semester 1 2008

Dr. Avinash Bharadwaj

avinash@anhb.uwa.edu.au
 Welcome!
The Promise :
An exciting unit!
All possible help during the course of the unit
Improvements already in place
Last years SPOT both 2212 and 1102!
Unit Coordinators
Avinash Bharadwaj
Julie Hill
Lecturers
Assoc Prof Geoff Meyer
Yours truly
++
Demonstrators/Tutors
 Prerequisites other than A&HB
Units?
Prescribed reading
Integrated with learning resources
Available well before the actual classes
In case of difficulty (unlikely )
Contact me!
 More About the Unit
Learning load (?) and help
Directed self-study
Pre-lab prep is essential
Resources, especially website
www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/anhb2212
Some resources and features on WebCT.
WebCT URL : http://webct.uwa.edu.au
Lab manual available in co-op shop soon
Textbooks (Recommended)
Course Reader : Online, includes prescribed reading
 Whats in It for You?
Wide variety of student background and goals
Integrated Structure, Function and Development
Componets are not separable!

Separation in labs inevitable

Carefully selected content
Relevance to all streams considered
Assessment designed to facilitate all streams
Core topics
Other areas
 UWA Student email account

Must be activated immediately

Class List emails for important announcements
Check your email regularly.
Auto redirect to other accounts is not encouraged.
Mails coming from other accounts are likely to be auto
deleted.
 ANHB computing account
For accessing web material on G.03 computers
Now can be done through the Histology Lab.
You can do it on Thursday, Week 1 Lab!

You do not need this for computers other than in the

A&HB building.
The Unit website is open needs no username or
password as of now.
 Lab Allocation OLCR
Lab time allocations only through OLCR.
If problems persist, see
Wendy Colangelo, Ground floor, A&HB Building.
Adjustments done only for genuine reasons, mostly
timetable clashes.
Mutual exchange between two students : Both must
see Wendy together!
Allocation will settle down in a weeks time!
 Communication
Offices : Avinash : 1.77, First floor, A&HB
Julie : 1.75, First floor, A&HB
Email : avinash@anhb.uwa.edu.au
jhill@anhb.uwa.edu.au
In general, Policy-related mails and those with
subject related questions to Avinash
Admin-related mails to Julie.
Subject header must include : ANHB2212, your
name, and a word or two about the subject. E.g.
ANHB 2212 Jane Smith Embryology question
 Teaching Strategies Lectures
Theme based
Slide-show and printable versions available in
advance.
No handouts!
Not incorporated in the lab manual.

Recorded on Lectopia
 Teaching Strategies Labs
Anatomy labs : free movement.
Visit all tables
Check for exhibits in the centre or on the boards.
Histology labs are sit-down!
For Both Labs
Directed self study
Pre-lab study is essential
Attendance/worksheets : Stick to the allotted tutor.
Roving resource persons.
 Teaching Strategies Tutorials
Interactive, Q-A sessions.
Usually a week after the topic.
Time to study/understand, identify gaps.
Questions not supplied in advance!
Essay writing practice during tutorials.
Attendance at Labs and Tutorials is compulsory and
recorded.
Penalties apply for absence without valid reason.
Email Julie regarding absence.
 Unit Outcomes
Detailed specific outcomes listed on the website
Do not read all at once!
Assessment carefully matched with outcomes.
In general
Critical thinking and analysis is encouraged.
HUGE lot of guidance on the Unit website.
Correct use of language is essential
 Assessment
Continuous assessment : 20% of total unit mark
2x30 min tests Weeks 5 and 9 (Tutorial hour)
MCQs, Short answer Qs, True / False Qs

End-of-semester Examination :
Written (3 hours) : 50% of total unit mark
MCQs, SAQs, One short essay

Lab (1.5 to 2 hours):

25 30 Spot questions : 30% of total unit mark.

Actual marks are scaled to these weightages.

 Other Assessment Events
Formative, do not count towards final mark.
Short notes / Essays written during tutorials
Marked and returned for feedback
Pre-test in Week 1 Tutorial
Feedback to coordinators
Mock lab test (Week 8) administered as
practice. (If possible, also in Week 13).
 For This Week
Recap (also if you have not done ANHB
1101/1102) :
Course Reader Chapters 1, 2 and 3.
Chapter 2 : Details of mitosis and meiosis not
examinable.
Lab preparation : PowerPoint files on the Unit
website (Link given on the website).
 Early Embryology
Recap of ANHB 1101/1102 (or equivalent)
Many facets
Tailoring to HSD 2212
Some important concepts
 Why and How

Gross Form, Correlation

Errors in development
Structural
Molecular Embryology Cellular and
Molecular
(Clinical aspects) phenomena

Real life aspects Evolutionary

(non medical) mirror
 Fertilisation
Ovum and Ocyte
Second meiotic division
Site of fertilisation
Sperm : Acrosomal reaction
Zona pellucida
Single sperm
 Fertilisation
Completion of meiosis II
Polar bodies (Also dealt with in Week 11)
Restoration of diploidy
Initiation of cleavage
Chromosomal sex determination
Genetic and evolutionary implications
Paternal and maternal chromosomes
Further mixing during next gametogenesis (crossing
over)
 Cleavage
Nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio
Division by reduction of cell volume
Planes of cleavage
Polarity? Inner cell mass and trophoblast
formed later
Transport through the uterine tube
Zona pellucida retained until implantation
 Blastocyst

Inner cell mass

Trophoblast
Invasive nature
Zona pellucida disappears
Implantation
 Trilaminar Embryo
Epiblast and Hypoblast
Hypoblast entoderm!
Primitive streak
Cell migration E
Mesoderm and entoderm H

Y H
 Notochord & Neural Tube
Notochord
Axis
Induction
Neural plate
Neural groove
Neural tube and crest
 Divisions of Mesoderm
Paraxial

Intermediate

Lateral plate
 Segmentation
Paraxial mesoderm

Somites

Each somite
Sclerotome
Dermomyotome
 Fate of Germ Layers
Ectoderm
Epidermis (not skin!) ++
Mesoderm
Muscle, Connective (including skeletal) tissues
Some epithelial structures
Parts of urogenital systems
Endothelium of heart and blood vessels

Serous membranes

Endoderm
Lining epithelium of digestive system
 Head, Tail and Lateral Folds
Flat three-layered embryo
three dimensional tube
Endoderm encloses a cavity
digestive system
Changes in the relative positions of certain regions
Further correlation with the development of the heart
and digestive system
 The Developing Human Three
Phases

Early development
Embryonic phase organogenesis
The foetal period
Differentiation, Histogenesis and Functional
development

Last Slide