GUL Interoperability Overview

GUL Interoperability
Overview
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Describe GUL Interoperability Networking Strategy
Understand GUL Interoperability Networking Strategy
Outline GUL Interoperability Performance Estimation
Know Interoperability Ecosystem Developing
Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page2
Contents
1. GUL Interoperability Overview
2. GUL Interoperability Networking Strategy
3. GUL Interoperability Solution
4. GUL Interoperability Performance Estimation
5. GUL Interoperability Ecosystem Developing
LTE Network Challenges
Maturity Bottleneck
Risk of Customer Experience
Lack of End to End Solution
Provider Voice & SMS on LTE
Lack of Network Deployment Seamless Handover between
Experience G/U/L
Terminals LTE
Challenges
Profit-Oriented Approach
Economical LTE Rollout Service Innovation Create
Flexible Site Solution Customer Value
Cost-effective Backhaul Solution Flexible Third Party Cooperation
Easy O&M Mechanism
LTE is the future, but opportunities always stay with challenges
Operators Main Concerns
Impact of LTE
Ecosystems maturity
introduction
Technology selection for Spectrum availability;
different services; UE availability;
Change on existing NE.
Data service first.
GSM/UMTS/LTE
Interoperability
Efficiency of investment High end user experience

Focus on hotspot and dense QoE of new LTE subs;
urban in initial phase. Service continuity and
diversity.
Function Requirement for Interoperability
from Operators
The Best Service Experience Ensure Service Continuity
GSM/UMTS is required to
Try to receive data services as
far as possible in LTE so as to compensate the lack of LTE
coverage
get the best business
experience
Reasonable Inter-system
Service/Load-sharing Minimum Influence
GSM/UMTS provide voice service to make up the
Impose the minimum influence
deficiency of LTE service type
Make use of GSM/UMTS to share the load of LTE on networks and subscribes
service during network upgrading
Make UEs in low data service rate handover to
GSM/ UMTS system, raising GSM/UMTS system
utilization ratio and, exerting LTE high-speed data
service advantage
Performance Requirements for
Interoperability from Operators
Require High Speed Service Set IRAT parameters
Experience reasonably
Service experience trend Avoid IRAT ping-pang
LTE > UMTS > GSM handover/reselection
Performance

Requirements
Satisfy KPI
IRAT Interoperability success rate
IRAT Interoperability time delay
LTE Deployment Strategy
Hot spot / Dense Urban Urban / Rural

in initial phase in expanding / mature phase
Limited spectrum options More spectrum available
Mainly dedicated for data service Convergent PS Core
Independent EPC to minimize impact on CN Load sharing strategy
Keep service continuity via 2G/3G network Service based mobility
No impact on the stability of 2G/3G network Enhance Network performance and end
user experience
Enable seamless service experience between LTE and G/U systems
Connected state
Network interworking design L1800
Seamless Mobility Continuous

U2100
service
Best QoS Load balance

U900/850
Idle state
L1800
Camp/Cell
Selection U2100 GSM900/1800
IDLE
Cell Handover based on coverageCS
Reselection U900/850 handover/PS Cell change
Handover/R Handover based on coverageCS
edirection handover/PS Cell change(U900
edge area)
Data PS reselection based on coverage
Service GSM900/1800 (G->U)
Continuity CCO Reselection Inter-Freq handover based on
coverage( UMTS center)
Camp on high priority
CONNE techonology first(LTE with Dual Inter-Freq handover based on
CTED coverage U900 edge area)
CS Fall the highest priority in
Voice default situation); CSFBL->UL->G)
Back
Service Camp on low priority PS handover/CCO/redirection based
Continuity on coverageL->UL->G)
technology by coverage
SRVCC based reselection PS handover/redirection based on
serviceU->L)
(GUL Scenario)
Two Optional Network Structures for
Interworking (Gn/Gp, S3/S4)
Lu-CS
A
Interfaces for GSMBTS Gp To Foreign
S3/S4 structure PLMN MSC/
BSC Gb SGSN VLR/eMSC
Interfaces for
Lu-PS S4 Gn
Gn/Gp structure Gr
RNC
S12
Affected NE while
UMTS NodeB S3 Gn HSS
implementing S6a
S10 SGs
LTE To MME MME SGs/Sv
Proxy
S1-MME S11
GGSN/ IP Services
S1u SGW S5 PGW SGi
e.g. IMS,
LTE TDD/FDD eNodeB S8 To Foreign PLMN PSS, etc
Advantage of Option 1: Gn/Gp (GTP V1) Advantage of Option 2: S3/S4 (GTP V2 )

Fast to market. Simple architecture
Connect to the EPC with only minor change to PCC, E2E QoE and GTP V2 is introduced.
installed network.
Implement Gn/Gp structure in the first phase of LTE
This architecture will deployed when LTE
deployment. services obviously increased.
NE: GGSN should be upgraded or replaced or NE: SGSN, GGSN, MSC needs to be
integrated with PGW. upgraded.
Gn/Gp is the most applied structure due to legacy
2G/3G version.
GUL Interworking Procedure with Scenes
Access Flow Flow Scenario Trigger Scenario Protocol reference
Cell reselection, PLMN 3GPP TS23.401
Routing MME to Gn/Gp reselection section Appendix D
Area SGSN Routing RRC Release and redirection 3GPP TS23.401
Update Area Update Cell Change Order section 5.6
Cell Change Order with NACC
reselection section Appendix D
GnGp Tracking Gn/Gp SGSN to RRC release and redirection 3GPP TS23.401
SGSN Area MME Tracking TCH/SDCCH release and section 5.6
Update Area Update redirection
Cell Change Order
MME to Gn/Gp Cover Based, loading based, 3GPP TS23.401
SGSN handover service based (CSFB&SRVCC) section Appendix D
Handover
Gn/Gp SGSN to Cover Based, loading based 3GPP TS23.401
MME handover section Appendix D
GUL Interworking Procedure with Scenes
Access Flow Flow Scenario Trigger Scenario Protocol reference
Tracking E-UTRAN reselection, section 5.3.3,5.6
Area Tracking Area RRC Release and redirection.
Update Update Cell Change Order.
reselection, section 5.3.3,5.6
Routing RRC release and Redirection
UTRAN/GERAN
Area
Update
Routing Area TCH/SDCCH Release and
S4 Redirection
Update
SGSN
Cell Change Order
E-UTRAN to Cover Based, loading based, 3GPP TS23.401
UTRAN/GERAN service based (CSFB&SRVCC) section 5.5.2
Inter
Handover RAT handover
UTRAN/GERAN Cover Based, loading based 3GPP TS23.401
to E-UTRAN Inter section 5.5.2
RAT handover
Standard of Interworking Progress
R11
GUL TL rSRVCC
OSCAR
VoLTE Roaming
R10 CL MOCN IWK
R9 GUL TL eSRVCC
GUL TL aSRVCC
eCSFB
R8 (Flash CSFB)
EPC, LTE TDD/FDD
Defined
GUL,TDSL,CL
Interworking Defined
VoLTE;
CSFB, SRVCC
2011
2009
2008
Contents

2.1 Interoperability Networking Requirement Overview from Operators
2.2 Interoperability Networking Scenarios and Strategies
Operator Requirements Overview for
Interoperability Networking
Germany TMO: Legacy network:GSM900 and UMTS2100, plans to launch
GL
a LTE network in 800M and 1800M respectivelyUMTS completely
Networking
disappears, therefore forming GL Network scenario.
Canada Bell/TelusContinously coverage areas via UMTS850 and UMTS1900 , plan to
introduce LTE to co-existed expansion building, therefore forming UL Network
scenario.
HongKong GeniusMOCN of HUT and PCCW. Legacy network: UMTS system

UL respectively owned by HUT and PCCW.
Networking Singapore M1Current GSM1800 exits to provide 10M available for LTE, and last GSM
completely disappears, thereby considering UL Network scenario.
Japan eMobilecurrently there are two carriers available for UMTS, 10M available for
LTE. Plans to provide 5M of UMTS for LTE via refarming so as to form UL Network
scenario.
Sweden N4M LTE possibly uses 2600/1800/800UMTS occupies

GUL
Networking 2100/900GSM 1800/900, existed UMTS can not form continuous

coverage areas, so GUL Network scenario appears.
Interoperability General Strategy(1/2)
Preferentially camp on LTE frequency band
Reselect and handover from LTE edge area to GU network
Before deploying VoIPvoice call falls back to GU network via

CSFB strategy
Reduce the difficulty of LTE configuration via a brief and efficient

strategy. Via existed GU interoperability strategy, LTE can
interoperate with one of GU frequency bands( or carriers) .
Interoperability General Strategy(2/2)
Camping by default Camping by default

LTE LTE VoLTE
CSFB Redirection SRVCC Redirection
Reselection Reselection PSHO
G/U/T(Data) G/U/T(Data)
G/U/T(Voice) G/U/T(Voice)
Load Balance
Phase 1: LTE Initial Deployment with Limited Phase 2 and after: LTE with expanded
Coverage & subscribers in hotpot/dense urban Coverage & more subscribers in urban/rural

LTE Mainly dedicated for data service Use PS handover for inter-RAT

Voice Service Continuity via CSFB to 2G/3G switching
network
Introduce VoLTE, voice continuity with

Keep service continuity via 2G/3G network by 2G/3G via SRVCC
coverage based Interworking
Load balance between LTE and 3G/2G

Load balance within LTE
Different interoperability strategies are adoptable in various LTE deployment phases
GL Networking Strategy1/2
Idle Mode Connection Mode
1Camping priority: LTE > GSM 1Supports LTE-> GSM coverage-based handover
2Supports LTE-> GSM handover typesPSHO, SRVCC,

2Support cell reselection between
CCO/NACC, Redirection.
LTE and GSM PSHO can ensure PS continuity before and after
Supports LTE->GSM reselection at handover;
the edge of LTE network; CCO/NACC and Redirection are suitable for PS, which
requires low time delay;
Supports GSM ->LTE reselection
VoIP is deployed in LTE not in GSM, so SRVCC is
when moving into LTE coverage
used to handover VoIP to GSM CS domain;
area.
In GSM connection mode, UE does not support inter-
RAT measurement, then it will adaptively adopt
handover without measurement which need configure
blind priorities of neighbour cells of GSM cells
3Quick redirection, NACCor Flash CSFB. It requires

network side to support RIM procedure
GL Networking Strategy2/2
Load Control and service steering Voice Solution
1Before LTE supports VoIP, Voice service falls back to
1Supports LTE-> GSM load- GSM via CSFB
control-based redirection In GSM connection mode, UE does not support
Redirect UE to GSM when inter-RAT measurement, then it will adaptively uses

CSFB without measurement which need configure
overload occurs in a cell
blind priorities of neighbour cells of GERAN cells
2Supports LTE-> GSM load- In case of unspecific GSM handover function
based handover supported by the network and UEs, only enable the
switch of redirection.
Let certain services with a
2If VoIP is deployed in LTE not in GSM, SRVCC is
specifics QCI (such as VoIP)
applied at the edge of LTE network so as to handover
fall back to GSM voice service to GSM CS domain.
3 If VoIP is deployed in both LTE and GSM, PSHO is

adopted at the edge of LTE network so as to
handover VoIP service to GSM network.
UL Networking Strategy1/2
Idle Mode Connection Mode
1 Supports LTE-> UMTS coverage-based handover
1 Camping priority: LTE > UMTS
2 Supports LTE-> UMTS handover types: PSHOSRVCC
2 Support cell reselection between Redirection
LTE and UMTS PSHO can ensure PS continuity before and after
handover;
Supports LTE-> UMTS reselection at
Redirection is suitable for PS, which requires low delay;
the edge of LTE network;
VoIP is deployed in LTE not in UMTS, so SRVCC is
Supports UMTS ->LTE reselection
used to handover VoIP to UMTS CS domain;
when moving into LTE coverage area.
In UMTS connection mode, UE does not support inter-
RAT measurement, then it will adaptively adopt
handover without measurement which need configure
blind priorities of neighbour cells of UMTS cells
3 Quick redirection and flash CSFB. It requires network side

to support RIM procedure
UL Networking Strategy2/2
Load Control and service steering Voice Solution
1 Supports LTE-> UMTS load-control- 1Before LTE supports VoIP, Voice service falls
back to UMTS via CSFB:
based redirection
In UMTS connection mode, UE does not support inter-
Redirect UE to UMTS when overload
RAT measurement, then it will adaptively adopt CSFB
occurs in a cell
without measurement which need configure blind
2 Supports LTE-> UMTS load-based priorities of neighbour cells of UMTS cells
handover In case of unspecific UMTS handover function
Let certain services with a specifics supported by the network and UEs, only enable the
QCI (such as VoIP) fall back to UMST switch of redirection.
3Supports LTE-> UMTS CS/PS service 2 If VoIP is deployed in LTE not in UMTS, SRVCC
steeringCS servicesuch as CSFBis is applied at the edge of LTE network so as to
suggested to fall back carriers in R99, handover voice service to UMTS CS domain.
while PS service(such as coverage-base 3If VoIP is deployed in both LTE and GSM, PSHO is
service) is recommended to fall back to adopted at the edge of LTE network so as to handover
carriers in HSPA VoIP service to UMTS network.
GUL Networking Strategy
UMTS can not realize the Connection Mode / Voice Solution
1LTE->GU intersystem handover: Current commercial
continuous coverage, while UEs are not able to support GSM but UMTS intersystem
operators require to measurement, therefore, eNodeB only delivers UMTS
measuring to UE. When the quality of UMTS is better
preferentially interoperate to and UE reports event B1, and eNodeB will handover UE
UMTS, therefore forming to a UMTS neighbour cell. If there is no UMTS coverage
are and UE does not report event B1, eNodeB will
GUL scenario directly blind redirect UE whose receiving level in the
serving cell is lower than certain threshold(coverage-
Uses the same strategy with
based) or sometime later(CSFB) to GSM.
before, so only differences 2After UE supporting GSM measuring, via adjusting GSM
list here parameters(suggest to longer UMTS measuring time) to

ensure UE report B1 MR of UMTS to realize to

Idle Mode handover to UMTS preferentially
3If UE does not support GU measuring, prefer blind

Camping priority LTE > UMTS > GSM handover to UMTS can be realized via configuration.
Contents
Target of GSM/UMTS/LTE
Interworking
Expanding / Mature Phase
Voice service introduced;

Load based mobility management;
Service based mobility management;
Initial Phase
Data service only;
Keep service continuity via GSM/UMTS network ;
Avoid the impact on the GSM/UMTS network stability;
Interworking Procedure Components
Interworking procedure includes 4 steps: Trigger, Measurement, Decision
and Execution.
IDLE
UE Make
PS Voice Decision
Servic with
e Measure
QoS ment
Satisfa Load
ction Covera
ge Re-Selection
RRC
Redirection
Connected
BS Make
Decision PS Handover
Blind
CCO/eNACC
CCO: cell change order

eNACC: network assisted cell change
RRC: radio resource control
Contents

3.1 Coverage-Based Interoperability Solution
3.2 Load-Based Interoperability Solution
3.3 Voice Service Continuity Solution
3.4 Interoperability Strategy Cases of Operators

Camping Procedure
UE Last RPLMN Common Camping Priority
Camping Common priority is sent to UE in SIB
SIM HPLMN & EHPLMN LTE TDD > LTE FDD > UMTS/TDS > GSM
or LTE TDD > LTE FDD > HRPD > 1x
Verify if
UE PLMN of User Controlled PLMN target is
1, Faster loading up LTE network;
Selector with Access Technology forbidden
2, Less impact to G/U network and
subscribers.
PLMN of Operator Controlled PLMN + UE Individual Priority

SIM
Selector with Access Technology
Various UE individual priorities can be

The PLMN of Better Wireless Quality applied to distribute subscribers to specific
networks based on operator policy.
Other PLMN Base On Wireless Quality 1, SPID-based UE Individual Priority
2, PLMN-based UE Individual Priority
RPLMN(registered PLMN)
EHPLMNEquivalent HPLMN)
Common Frequency Priority with SIB
Broadcasting
SIB 3 SIB 5 SIB 6 SIB 7
Serving Inter- UTRAN GERAN
Frequency Frequency Frequency Frequency
Priority Priority Priority Priority
TDD TDD
Serving = 5 FFDD = 4 FUTRAN = 2 FGERAN = 1
SIB 3 SIB 5 SIB 6 SIB 7

Serving Inter- UTRAN GERAN
Frequency Frequency Frequency Frequency
Priority Priority Priority Priority FDD
FDD Serving = 4 FFDD = 5 FUTRAN = 2 FGERAN = 1
SIB 19
Serving = 2
FGERAN = 1 UTRAN
FFDD = 4
UTRAN FTDD = 5
SIB 2 quater
Serving = 1
FUTRAN = 2 GERAN
FFDD = 4
GERAN FTDD = 5
SPID-Based UE Individual Priority
HSS set SPID info for each subscriber,

Strategy
Cell reselection Info
and send to eNodeB via MME
TDD Priority 5 UE with Data package (i.e. SPID =10):
HSS The common priority in SIB will work,
FDD Priority 4
Data UE will prefer camping on LTE TDD
HSS UTRAN Priority 3 Data package
SPID package
Mobile GERAN Priority 2 Mobile
Terminal Terminal
Cell reselection Info UE with voice package(i.e. SPID=20):
S6a
GERAN Priority 5 eNodeB will send UE individual priority
(SPID)
TDD Priority 4 with GSM higher than LTE in RRC
Connection Release message.
FDD Priority 3
MME
Voice Voice package The individual cell reselection priority
UTRAN Priority 2 will overwrite common priority.
package Mobile
S1-MME Mobile Terminal UE will prefer camping on GSM
(SPID) Cell reselection Info
Terminal
TDD Priority 5 CPE (i.e. SPID=30), the eNodeB will
FDD Priority 4 not send UE individual priority to UE,
the common priority in SIB will work,
UTRAN Priority 3
CPE then CPE will prefer camping on LTE
eNodeB
GERAN Priority 2 CPE TDD
SPID Service Profile Identifier
UE Individual Priority based on PLMN
Concept Policy
Priority based on SPID High Priority
LTE TDD Priority based on PLMN

PLMN1 PLMN2
Cell Common Priority Low Priority
RRC Connection
RRC Connection
Release According to the PLMN which UE is
Release
TDD Priority 5 FDD Priority 5 registered to, the eNodeB may send
FDD Priority 4 TDD Priority 4 individual priority with RAT1 (e.g.
UMTS Priority 3 UMTS Priority 3 FDD) higher than RAT 2 (e.g. TDD) in
GSM Priority 2 GSM Priority 2 RRC Connection Release message,
the individual priority will overwrite
common priority, then UE will prefer
LTE FDD
camping on its Home Network (e.g.
FDD).
HPLMN is PLMN1 HPLMN is PLMN2
Coverage-Based Re-Selection in IDLE Mode
Intra-frequency Inter-frequency (including Inter-RAT)
Scan by default From Low priority to High priority From High priority to Low or Equal
Scan by default priority
Serving cell Target cell

Low High High Low
priority Broadcast priority priority Broadcast priority
Serving cell Target cell Serving cell Target cell
Good quality in serving cell(Level and

Good quality in serving cell(Level and
Quality)not to measure neighbour
Quality)not to measure neighbour cells
cells
Bad quality in serving cell(Level or
Bad quality in serving cell(Level or
Quality)measure neighbour cells Always measure neighbour cells Quality)measure neighbour cells
Measure or not via switch CFG
Measure or not via switch CFG
Scan Re-selection
Target Serving > Offset Target > Threshold Serving < Target >
Threshold1 Threshold 2
Common priority sequence and threshold is broadcasted in SIB message, should be the same for the entire
network. SIB 3 5 6 broadcasted in LTE, SIB 19 broadcasted in UMTS.
* Threshold based on RSRP or RSRQ
Coverage-Based Interworking in RRC
Connected Mode
Coverage based Interworking is triggered by A2 Event:
Serving < Threshold1
Intra-frequency Inter-frequency (Intra-RAT) Inter-frequency (Inter-RAT)
Serving cell Target cell Serving cell Target cell Serving cell Target cell
HO/Redirection HO/Redirection HO/Redirection
A3 : Event: A3/A4/A5
Target Serving > Offset Event: B1/B2
A4 is recommended
Coverage based PS handover is recommended to enable by default.

Blind PSHO or redirection will be used, if Inter-frequency (including inter-RAT) measurement is not supported by UE
* Threshold based on RSRP or RSRQ
PS Handover Execution Procedure
Example: Inter-RAT handover instance: Handover from LTE cell to G/U cell
HO Trigger, Measurement and Decision
HO decision: LTE to GU
SGW PGW
eNodeB sends HO request

MME sends relocation to target SGSN
Target GU network establish access connection
MME
LTE eNodeB sends HO command to UE

eNode
B MS detected by target GU network

Target network finish relocation.
BSC/RNC SGSN GGSN Context exchange with source PGW

Release source network resources
G/U/T
BTS
eNACC Procedure
Example: Inter-RAT handover instance: eNACC from LTE
cell to GSM cell

SGW PGW UE send target cell measurement to
eNodeB. eNodeB makes HO decision
eNodeB gets target cell info. by RIM

MME procedure
LTE
eNodeB
eNodeB sends HO command to UE

MS detected by target GSM network

BSC SGSN GGSN Target network finish relocation.

GSM BTS
Context exchange with source PGW
MME release source network resources
Redirection Procedure
Inter-RAT handover instance: Redirection from LTE cell to G/U cell

SGW PGW
UE send target cell measurement to
eNodeB. eNodeB makes HO decision
eNodeB send RRC Release message to

MME
LTE UE, carrying RedirectedCarrierInfo that
eNodeB specifies the frequency of the target
GERAN/UTRAN cell.
UE in RRC IDLE state, reselect the

BSC SGSN GGSN GERAN/UTRAN cell with the specified
frequency according to redirection information.
eNodeB requests MME release LTE
G/U BTS RRC_Connect.
UE initiates an RAU procedure.
Contents


Load Balance Scenarios
Concept Cell load based activities
Highload
RB use rate
Serving cell Load status Offload
exchange
Normal
Serving
Target cell Cell Load
Policy
Intra-RAT Load balance can be enabled
when LTE has limited coverage and
Intra-RAT MLB Load Control
subscriber.
PS Handover; Reject+Redirection;
Inter-RAT can be enabled when LTE Inter-RAT MLB Release+Redirection;
expanded coverage and has more PS Handover; For GBR
subscribers. Redirection;
Intra-RAT MLB Procedure with X2
6 Option 1: Choose target cell by Blind 2 Request neighbor cell
HO priority (if blind HO enabled) load information
Option 2: Require UE to scan
candidate target cells. Choose target
cell on UE report.
Option 3: If No UE supports PSHO.
Redirection can be applied.
Uu X2
3
Serving cell load exceeds Intra-RAT Reply with
1
MLB threshold cell load
information
4 Make target cell candidate list
7
HO Execution Make UE candidate list, based on
5
RB usage and QoS configuration
LTE UE LTE TDD eNodeB LTE FDD/TDD
Not recommend Intra-RAT MLB w/o X2 for limited performance than X2 based MLB
Inter-RAT MLB Procedure
6 Option 1: Choose target cell by Blind 2 Request neighbor cell
HO priority (if blind HO enabled) load status by RIM
Option 2: Require UE to scan (Consider as normal,
candidate target cells. Choose target if status exchange by
cell on UE report. RIM is not supported)
Option 3: If No UE supports PSHO.
Redirection can be applied.
Uu
S1 MME
3
Reply with
Serving cell load exceeds cell load
1
Inter-RAT MLB threshold status by RIM
MME
4 Make target cell candidate list Lu-ps
7 S3/Gn
HO Execution Make UE candidate list, based on
5 RB usage and QoS configuration SGSN
Multi-Mode UE LTE TDD eNodeB GSM/UMTS
Inter-RAT Load Sharing via Redirection in IDLE
Mode
UE RRC Connected
which has no traffic
will be released to ? Status
IDLE Mode. Unknown
UE
Target cell
Serving cell
RRC Connection
Release
UMTS Priority 5
1
TDD Priority 4
FDD Priority 3 eNodeB send RRC Release message to UE (which
is inactive for 20s), carrying RedirectedCarrierInfo 3
that specifies the frequency of the target cell.
2 UE redirected to target
T320 timer will work. Specified priority will be based on the specified
TDD sends Individual effective until T320 expires. frequency in redirection
Priority to UE during (T320 will expire when UE service is active and message.
Idle Enter Procedures finished.) UE performs network entry.
This solution doesnt impact UE experience.

UE doesnt support PSHO can be offload to G/U with this scheme.
Load-Control-Based Redirection(GBR
Service)
Either UE in RRC
Connected mode or
UE attempting to enter.
Based on UE priority.
? Status
Unknown
UE
Overloaded
Serving cell Target cell

RRC Connection
Release
TDD Priority 5 Either Inter-RAT redirection or

FDD Priority 4
1 eNodeB send RRC Release message Intra-RAT redirection when
UMTS Priority 3 UE doesnt support PSHO.
GSM Priority 2
to UE, carrying RedirectedCarrierInfo
that specifies the frequency of the
target cell. 3
2 UE redirected to target based
TDD sends Individual on the specified frequency in
Priority to UE during redirection message.
Idle Enter Procedures UE performs network entry.
It is recommended to reduce load through MLB, not load control.
Contents


Voice Service Continuity Solution
CS Fall Back SRVCC VoLTE Dual-Standby
LTE Data Voice / PS Data

Paging CS Voice VoLTE CS Voice VoLTE PS Voice
G/U/C
G/U/C G/U/C
LTE LTE LTE LTE
G/U/C
Handover Handover No Handover
Sv S3/S4
EPC CS Core EPC CS Core EPC PS Core EPC PS Core
SGs
Access Transfer
Call
Access
st
2010Q4, worlds 1 LTE to
UMTS/GSM CSFB call. IMS IMS IMS
st Call Call Call
Jan. 2011, worlds 1 CSFB
call with commercial smart
phone. st
May. 2011, worlds 1 VoLTE call.
Apr. 2012, 11 commercial SRVCC: Single Radio Voice
Feb. 2012, joint VoLTE demo with
CSFB networks.
Call Continuity
VDF in MWC 2012.
2013, CMCC Commercial
Leverage CS Voice Legacy and Introduce IMS PS Voice Service Progressively

CS Fall Back Solution for Voice
LTE G/U/T/C
Voice falls
back to G/U/C
In the overlapped
coverage of LTE Reuse G/U/T/C Core;
and G/U/T/C No additional core
equipment
Principle Advantage
Provide voice service through G/U/C Enable Voice service quickly and
network. minimize new investment.
Two options for the PS data service:
Service handover to G/U/T PS service;
Service suspended until voice call is over,
then continue in LTE network. (Suspending

is enabled in CL PS now).
Architecture and Functionalities of NE for CSFB
Above 3GPP R8 MSC/ Mobility management and
SGs/ISUP Connection VLR paging procedures
with MME or SGs Proxy between EPS and CS
Gs
Multi-mode G/U/L; domain.
CSFB capability; SGs
BSC/ Gr Mirroring VLR number

SGSN HSS
RNC and LAI with TAI.
G/U
Gn SGs connection for
BTS
S6a
EPS/IMSI Attached UE
Paging to eNodeB & UE
MME
Gn
S1-MME S11
S1u SGW S5 PGW

LTE
Paging to UE for eNodeB
Gx
CS domain.
Indicate UE to the
PCRF
target CS cell.
Fast Return From G/U to LTE
No PS
UE reselect to LTE
service If there is LTE
Solution1: Frequency
Adjust IDLE
With PS
Timer There is NO
service: UE stay IDLE in UMTS
Less impact to Wait until LTE
NodeB and EPC service stops
At the End
of A Voice
Call NodeB redirect / PSHO
Solution2:
With or If there is LTE UE to LTE
NodeB Force
without PS RRC Connected
UE Return to
service
LTE
Need NodeB and
EPC support NodeB should not
There is NO
redirection or initiate redirection or
LTE
PSHO PSHO
There are 2 ways to determine if there is LTE coverage: (RRC connected)

1, Need UE support IRAT measurement. NodeB request UE measures LTE
neighbor before PSHO or redirection.
2, Only enable Solution 2 on NodeB when there is LTE in same area
Fast Return to LTE at the End of CSFB
Without fast return
BSC/
PS PS Ready LTE
RNC
CSFB cell
Release call with CS call reselection
GSM/UMTS
CSFB indication
LTE Enter IDLE and Reselect to LTE
With fast return
PS PS Ready LTE
Direct access CSFB CS call GSM/UMTS
frequency
info. G/U
Back to LTE
after CS call
Description
At the end of a CSFB call in GSM/UMTS network, the frequency information of LTE cell is sent in RRC Connection
Release message in order to instruct the UE to camp on the LTE cell instead of cell re-selection to LTE.
Benefits
This feature accelerate the camping back to LTE after voice call release and reduce unreachable time of LTE user
Avoid the impact to non-CSFB user(e.g. UE may be out of network when trying to access LTE for about 10 seconds)
SRVCC Solution for Voice
LTE GU
LTE
When UE SRVCC to GUT GSM/UMTS

moving from
LTE coverage
to GSM/UMTS
with voice Requires IMS and
service
EMSC deployment
Principle Advantage
Provide VoLTE service for LTE Introduce IMS solution;

subscribers via IMS; PCC structure, future oriented
SRVCC for VoLTE to G/U CS call via Convergent solution;
handover procedure;
SRVCC: Architecture and
Functionalities of NE Enhanced MSC (with IWF)
SRVCC capability
Relocation procedure to CS.
MSC/ Invoking session transfer procedure,
VLR/IWF voice continuity through SCC AS.
Multi-mode G/U/L UE Coordinating CS handover and
IMS/SRVCC capability Gs session transfer.
Sv
BSC/
SGSN HSS
RNC
G/U BTS S3 S6a PS bearer splitting voice bearer (QCI=1)
S12
from the non-voice bearer
MME Handling the non-voice HO to target cell
S1-MME S4 Initiating SRVCC of the IMS voice call to
S11 the 2G/3G cell via Sv
LTE S1u
eNodeB SGW S5 PGW
Gx SGi
Indication to MME about SRVCC
Determine the neighbor cell supports PCRF Rx IMS
SRVCC \
eSRVCC Solution
SRVCC (R8) eSRVCC (R10)
CS Voice CS Voice
G/U G/U
MSC MSC
CS CS
IMS IMS
ATCF
LTE PS EPC SBC LTE PS EPC SBC
ATGW
PS Voice PS Voice
Re-establish the call signaling and bearer end signaling after HO signaling before HO
bearer after HO bearer before HO
to end.
IMS session transfer for remote end has
uncertain interruption, especially for:
Remote end update is avoided to reduce
long service handling duration
multiple nodes involved the interruption significantly (equal to HO
complex service logic and triggering interruption of radio access, usually <
roaming out of home network 300ms).
Contents


Interworking Strategy of Operator S
Redirection
(Based on coverage.
LTE TDD 2.6G
Huawei
PS handover will be
Voice CSFB enabled when
(Based on terminal is available)
voice service)
1.5G UMTS
Reselection/ Offload
(Data)
Fast Return Ericsson (Default camping on
(As soon as LTE TDD. Reselect to
voice service LTE TDD when UE is
is finished under LTE coverage.
and UE Redirection or PSHO
under LTE will be enabled when
coverage) UMTS is able to be
2.1G UMTS upgraded)
(Voice/Data)
Ericsson
Interworking Strategy of Operator B
Load Balance
LTE TDD 2.3G
Redirection
LTE FDD
(Based on coverage.
Voice CSFB 1.8G/2.6G
Huawei
PS handover will be
To G/U enabled when
(Based on terminal is available)
voice service)
900M/2.1G
UMTS
(Data) Offload to LTE
Huawei, XXX(aother (Default camping on
Reselection operator)
LTE TDD. Reselect to
(As soon as LTE TDD when UE is
voice service is under LTE coverage.
finished and UE Redirection or PSHO
under LTE will be enabled when
900M/1.8G GSM
coverage) UMTS is able to be
(Voice)
huawei upgraded)
Interworking Strategy of Operator C
Default Camping
LTE TDD 2.6G
GL Reselection
Voice CSFB
To G/T
(SRVCC in TL Reselection
future)
TL Redirection
Fast Return
rSRVCC in TDS-CDMA GL Redirection
future
CCO/ eNACC
GSM
Interworking Cases(1)
Country / GU Interwork Network
Operator EPC Voice PS
region Vendor ing Structure
Reselection between
Ericsson Coverage LTE and UMTS
Japan SBM Huawei CSFB Gn/Gp
G/U -based Redirection from LTE to
UMTS
Huawei
G/U CSFB(EMSC) Reselection between
GB
Hong NSN U Coverage to G/U LTE and UMTS
(PCCW/H Huawei Gn/Gp
Kong Huawei -based (blind Redirection from LTE to
utchison)
LTE redirection) UMTS
FDD/TDD
Ericsson ,
Coverage
Saudi STC Huawei, Huawei CSFB Redirection Gn/Gp
-based
NSN G/U
Huawei
China CMCC Gn/Gp
TDS
Huawei
SA Telkom Huawei Gn/Gp
G/U
CSFB to Reselection between
Coverage UMTS LTE and UMTS
Sweden Net4M UMTS NSN Gn/Gp
- based (blind Redirection from LTE to
redirection) UMTS
Country / GU Interworki Network
region Vendor ng Structure
CSFB to Reselection
UMTS between LTE and
Huawei Coverage
Canada Bell/Telus CISCO (blind UMTS Gn/Gp
UTMS - based
redirectio Redirection from
n) LTE to UMTS
Reselection
Coverage
between LTE and
Huawei - based
Singapore M1 Huawei CSFB UMTS Gn/Gp
GU Load-
PSHO from LTE to
based
UMTS
CSFB to Reselection among
GSM LTE UMTS GSM
NSN Coverage-
Germany VDF D2 NSN (blind Redirection from Gn/Gp
UMTS based
redirectio LTE to UMTS or
n) GSM
CSFB to
Reselection among
Coverage- UMTS
LTE UMTS GSM
Huawei based (blind
Japan eAccess Ericsson Redirection from Gn/Gp
GU Load- redirectio
LTE to UMTS or
based n or
GSM
PSHO)
Country GU Interworki Network
/ region Vendor ng Strucuture
Huawei Coverage UMTS LTE and UMTS
Norway Telenor Cisco Gn/Gp
umts -based (blind Redirection from LTE
redirection) to UMTS
Huawei Coverage UMTS LTE and UMTS
Norway Netcom Huawei Gn/Gp
GU -based (blind Redirection from LTE
redirection) to UMTS
Kuwait Zain Huawei Huawei Gn/Gp
Reselection between
Coverage LTE and UMTS
UAE Etsalat Huawei huawei Gn/Gp
-based Redirection from LTE
to UMTS
Saudi Zain Huawei Huawei Gn/Gp
Reselection between
Coverage LTE and UMTS
UAE DU huawei Cisco Gn/Gp
-based Redirection from LTE
to UMTS
Contents
KPI Related to Interoperability(1/2)
Counter ID Counter Name Counter Description
Number of Outgoing Handover Attempts from E-

1526726989 L.IRATHO.E2W.PrepAttOut
UTRAN to UTRAN
Number of Performed Outgoing Handovers from E-

1526726990 L.IRATHO.E2W.ExecAttOut
UTRAN to UTRAN
Number of Successful Outgoing Handovers from E-

1526726991 L.IRATHO.E2W.ExecSuccOut
UTRAN to UTRAN
Number of Outgoing Handover Attempts from E-

1526726992 L.IRATHO.E2G.PrepAttOut
UTRAN to GERAN
Number of Performed Outgoing Handovers from E-

1526726993 L.IRATHO.E2G.ExecAttOut
UTRAN to GERAN
Number of Successful Outgoing Handovers from E-

1526726994 L.IRATHO.E2G.ExecSuccOut
UTRAN to GERAN
KPI Related to Interoperability(2/2)
L.IRATHO.E 2W.ExecSuc cOut

LTE->WCDMA IRATHO _ E 2W _ SRout 100%
L.IRATHO.E 2W.ExecAtt Out
L.IRATHO.E 2G.ExecSuc cOut

LTE->GSM IRATHO _ E 2G _ SRout 100%
L.IRATHO.E 2G.ExecAtt Out
Traffic Statistics(1/2)
Redirection
1526728326 L.RRCRedirection.E2W Number of Redirction to WCDMA
1526728330 L.RRCRedirection.E2W.PrepAtt Number of attempt Redirction to WCDMA
1526728327 L.RRCRedirection.E2G Number of Redirction to GERAN
1526728331 L.RRCRedirection.E2G.PrepAtt Number of attempt Redirection to GERAN
CSFB
Number of CS fallback indicators received by

1526728321 L.CSFB.PrepAtt
the eNodeB
Number of successful CS fallback responses
1526728322 L.CSFB.PrepSucc
from the eNodeB
1526728323 L.CSFB.E2W Number of CS fallback procedures to UTRAN
1526728324 L.CSFB.E2G Number of CS fallback procedures to GERAN
Traffic Statistics(2/2)
Reasons of handover failure:
Number of handover prepare failure from LTE

1526728316 L.IRATHO.E2W.Prep.FailOut.MME
to WCDMA for MME reason

1526728317 L.IRATHO.E2W.Prep.FailOut.PrepFailure to WCDMA for prepare failure indication from
WCDMA
1526728318 L.IRATHO.E2C.Prep.FailOut.NoReply
to WCDMA for no reply with WCDMA
1526728306 L.IRATHO.E2G.Prep.FailOut.MME
to GERAN for MME reason
1526728307 L.IRATHO.E2G.Prep.FailOut.NoReply
to GERAN for no reply with GERAN

1526728308 L.IRATHO.E2G.Prep.FailOut.PrepFailure to GERAN for prepare failure indication from
GERAN
Drive Test Index
Via Assistant-based tool
Contents
Huawei Leading CSFB
Commercialization
Nov. 2010 Dec. 2010 Jan. 2011 Oct. 2012 Oct. 2012
Huawei made Huawei made Worlds 1st CSFB Worlds 1st LTE TDD 11 Commercial
Worlds 1st LTE to Worlds 1st LTE to Call with Commercial CSFB with Commercial CSFB
UMTS CSFB Call GSM CSFB Call Smartphone SmartPhone Networks
See the red star
Huawei LTE IOT Status (Main
Terminals)
Module Vendor Chipset Type RAT
E398(1st LTE FDD/TDD USB Huawei Hisilicon Balong 700 USB Dongle LTE(FDD/TDD)
Dongle)
E392u(1st GUL(F/T) USB Huawei Qualcomm MDM 9200 USB Dongle GUL(FDD/TDD)
Dongle)
E589u(1st GUL(F/T) mobile Huawei Qualcomm MDM 9200 USB Dongle GUL(FDD/TDD)
wifi)
B593(1st GUL(F/T) CPE) Huawei Hisilicon Balong 700 CPE GUL(FDD/TDD)
B222s(1st outdoor CPE) Huawei Altair FG3100 CPE LTE(TDD)
9201L(1st GULSmartPhone) Huawei Qualcomm MSM 8960 Smartphone GUL(FDD/TDD)

(Chipset F/T Ready)
E5776 Huawei Hisilicon Balong 710 Mobile WiFi GUL(FDD/TDD)
E3276 Huawei Hisilicon Balong 710 USB Dongle GUL(FDD/TDD)
Huawei LTE IOT Status (Main
Chipsets)
Module Vendor 3GPP Cat RAT
version
MDM 9200 Qualcomm R8 Cat 3 GUCL
MDM9600 Qualcomm R8 Cat 3 GUCL

MSM 8960 Qualcomm R9 Cat 3 GUTCL
MDM 9X15 Qualcomm R9 Cat 3 GUTCL
XMM7060 Intel R8 Cat 3 GUL

Balong 700 Hisilicon R8 Cat3 LTE
Balong 710 Hisilicon R9 Cat 4 GUL
FG3100 Altair R9 Cat 4 GUL
LC1760 LeadCore R8 Cat 3 TDS-CDMA, LTE TDD
SQN3010 Sequans R8 Cat 3 LTE
Mainstream Chipset Capabilities
Snapdragon MSM 8960 Balong 710
3GPP R9 3GPP R9
LTE TDD/FDD/HSPA+/GSM LTE TDD/FDD/TDS-CDMA/UMTS/GSM
CSFB, CSFB/SRVCC(2013Q1)
Redirection, PSHO, Redirection, PSHO
IRAT Measurement
IRAT Measurement
Summary
Incentive of Interoperability
Structure Key Interface of Interoperability
Deployment Strategy of Interoperability
Networking Strategy of Interoperability
Procedure of Interoperability
Coverage-based/Load-based Solution of of Interoperability
KPI Related of Interoperability
Cases of Interoperability
GU Matching Version List
Target The Lowest The Version
Capacity of Target RAN
System Version Suggested
GSM->LTE Cell Reselection GBSS12.0 GBSS14.0
LTE->GSM PSHO GBSS12.0 GBSS14.0

GSM
LTE->GSM CCO/NACC GBSS12.0 GBSS14.0
LTE->GSM SRVCC GBSS12.0 GBSS14.0

UMTS->LTE Cell Reselection RAN 12 RAN 14
LTE->UMTS PSHO RAN 13 RAN 14

UMTS
Not published
LTE->UMTS SRVCC RAN 15
yet
Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Thank you
www.huawei.com

GUL Interoperability Overview

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GUL Interoperability Overview

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GUL Interoperability

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Understand GUL Interoperability Networking Strategy

Outline GUL Interoperability Performance Estimation

Know Interoperability Ecosystem Developing

2. GUL Interoperability Networking Strategy

3. GUL Interoperability Solution

4. GUL Interoperability Performance Estimation

5. GUL Interoperability Ecosystem Developing

LTE is the future, but opportunities always stay with challenges

Efficiency of investment High end user experience

IRAT Interoperability time delay

Hot spot / Dense Urban Urban / Rural

Enable seamless service experience between LTE and G/U systems

Seamless Mobility Continuous

Best QoS Load balance

Advantage of Option 1: Gn/Gp (GTP V1) Advantage of Option 2: S3/S4 (GTP V2 )

2. GUL Interoperability Networking Strategy

2.2 Interoperability Networking Scenarios and Strategies

3. GUL Interoperability Solution

4. GUL Interoperability Performance Estimation

5. GUL Interoperability Ecosystem Developing

HongKong GeniusMOCN of HUT and PCCW. Legacy network: UMTS system

Sweden N4M LTE possibly uses 2600/1800/800UMTS occupies

Networking 2100/900GSM 1800/900, existed UMTS can not form continuous

Reselect and handover from LTE edge area to GU network

Before deploying VoIPvoice call falls back to GU network via

Reduce the difficulty of LTE configuration via a brief and efficient

Camping by default Camping by default

Different interoperability strategies are adoptable in various LTE deployment phases

2Supports LTE-> GSM handover typesPSHO, SRVCC,

3Quick redirection, NACCor Flash CSFB. It requires

Redirect UE to GSM when inter-RAT measurement, then it will adaptively uses

3 If VoIP is deployed in both LTE and GSM, PSHO is

3 Quick redirection and flash CSFB. It requires network side

list here parameters(suggest to longer UMTS measuring time) to

3If UE does not support GU measuring, prefer blind

2. GUL Interoperability Networking Strategy

3. GUL Interoperability Solution

4. GUL Interoperability Performance Estimation

5. GUL Interoperability Ecosystem Developing

Expanding / Mature Phase

Voice service introduced;

CCO: cell change order

2. GUL Interoperability Networking Strategy

3. GUL Interoperability Solution

3.2 Load-Based Interoperability Solution

3.3 Voice Service Continuity Solution

3.4 Interoperability Strategy Cases of Operators

4. GUL Interoperability Performance Estimation

5. GUL Interoperability Ecosystem Developing

PLMN of Operator Controlled PLMN + UE Individual Priority

Various UE individual priorities can be

SIB 3 SIB 5 SIB 6 SIB 7

HSS set SPID info for each subscriber,

SPID Service Profile Identifier

Priority based on SPID High Priority

LTE TDD Priority based on PLMN

Serving cell Target cell

Serving cell Target cell Serving cell Target cell

Good quality in serving cell(Level and

Intra-frequency Inter-frequency (Intra-RAT) Inter-frequency (Inter-RAT)

HO/Redirection HO/Redirection HO/Redirection