STOCHASTIC THEORIES

GROUP 1
 Stochastic

Statistical perspective
Identifies episodic events that happen throughout
ones life that cause random cell damage and
accumulate over time.
Theories
Free-radical theory
Orgel / error theory
Wear and tear theory
Connective tissue theory
 Free-radical Theory

Oxidative free radical theory postulates that aging is due to

oxidative metabolism and the effects of free radicals.
Emphasizes the significance of how cells uses oxygen.
Also known as superoxide.
Free radicals are thought to react with proteins, lipids, DNA
and RNA.
CAUSES
Extensive cellular damage to DNA
Lipid oxidation
DNA stands break and base
modifications
 Cellular Membrane Damage

Chemicals are blocked from their sites resulting to

crucial cell metabolism.
Mitochondrial deterioration causes a significant loss
of cell energy.
 Strategies to delay
Mitochondrial Decay
1. Decrease calories in order to lower weight
2. Maintain a diet high in nutrients using antioxidants
3. Avoid inflammation
4. Minimize accumulation of metals in the body that
can trigger free radical reactions.
 The majority of the evidence
to support this theory is correlative
in that oxidative damage increases
with age.
Exogenous Sources of
Free Radicals
Tobacco smoke
Pesticides
Organic solvents
Radiation
Ozone
Selected medications
 Orgel/ Error Theory

Cells accumulate errors in their DNA and RNA protein

synthesis leading to cell death.
Environmental and randomly induced events can cause
error.
Large amount of X-RAY Radiation cause chromosomal
abnormalities.
Thus proposes that aging will not occur if radiation did
not exist.
 Wear and Tear Theory

Cumulative changes and damage cellular metabolism.

Due to exercising, it accelerates aging by causing increase
free radical productions.
Aged cells have lost the ability to counteract mechanical,
inflammatory and other injuries due to their senescence.
 Connective Tissue Theory

Cross-linked theory.
Biochemical process creates connections between
structures no normally connected.
30-50 years of age
Extracellular fluid, numerous deposits of sodium,
chloride, and calcium build up in the cardiovascular
system.
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