Numerical simulation of speckle images for image correlation measurement

assessment
T. Abhinav and K. Ramesh
Solid Mechanics Group, Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras

About DIC DIC Principle Deformed speckle image is generated by moving the pixel to its u displacement
deformed position.
Optical, non-contact, full-field computer assisted experimental DIC technique is based on the assumption that there exists a one to
one correspondence between the point on the specimen and the point DIC FE
technique for shape, deformation and motion measurement. Blue dots show
on the image. the center of the
Involves registering of two or more images, use statistical and pixel coordinates

continuum mechanics principles for extracting the displacement and Initially, the digital image will in the element.

strain fields. be divided in to smaller

One to one
regions called subsets as
correspondence
DIC utilizes synthetically generated carriers consisting of random similar to discretization of between the center of
patterns simulating actual speckle pattern. elements in the finite the pixel coordinate
and FE coordinate.
It is also called as white light speckle technique as white light source elements with no continuity Results for Heterogeneous Deformation
is used for illumination. constraints between them. Undeformed Deformed speckle
Image correlation works by matching the location of the center of the speckle image image
Branches of DIC: for in-plane, 2D DIC; for x, y, and z data, 3D-DIC x x
small square subset of an undeformed image to the location of the Undeformed Undeformed FE
and for volume with in a material, V DIC Relation between the
speckle image image undeformed and Vertically displaced by
deformed image through temporal mapping and cross- correlation
deformed FE is 2 mm from the bottom
function. established using
nodal displacements.
Reason for Growing interest in DIC DIC Measurement Space y y

In DIC, displacements are directly obtained from point trajectories and Loading Specime Sensor Analysis Pixel is displaced
to the new position
the process of fringe unwrapping is bypassed. n and the displaced
position is given
Natural texture of samples or those patterned by spraying B/W paints from deformed FE v displacement
to create random texture can be used without altering material`s
DIC FE
mechanical response or further analyses. Camera
Test Speckle Software
Analyses can be performed on images provided by other imaging Machine pattern Deformed speckle Deformed FE image
Misalignment Size Resolution Interpolation
grabbing techniques. image
Out of plane Shape Dynamic range Correlation
Noise Shape function Results for Homogeneous Deformation
Cost of CCD and CMOS sensor based cameras have decreased. displacement Contrast
Vibration Illumination Lens Subset size
The physical size of 1 pixel may vary from 1 nanometer (or less) to 1 Step size Undeformed Deformed speckle
Calibration
cm (or more). Filter size speckle image image Subset: 27
x x Step size: 3
No constraint on geometry and dimensions of the specimen. Correlation: ZNSSD u displacement
Procedure for Numerical Simulation of Speckle Image Vertically displaced by
2 mm from the bottom DIC FE
Experimental Setup The reference image of the speckle pattern and the corresponding
numerically deformed image can be considered as if they were y y
generated by an actual experiment.

To numerically deform an image, one has to start with an empty

matrix with slightly adapted dimensions depending on the type of
v displacement
1 Loading frame deformation. This is because the deformed image will contain more
2 Load cell or less pixels than the initial image. DIC FE
3 Speckled specimen
Firstly, the undeformed FE is modeled in such away that there exists
4 Light source References
one to one correspondence between the centers of the pixels in the
5 CCD Camera
6 Lens undeformed speckle image and the undeformed FE mesh.
D. Lecompte, A. Smits, Sven Bossuyt, H. Sol, J. Vantomme, D. Van Hemelrijck,
7 Tripod stand A.M. Habraken (2006) Quality assessment of speckle patterns for digital image
Using the interpolation functions of the triangular/ quadrilateral
Subset: 23 correlation, Optics and Lasers Engineering, 44, 1132-1145
8 DIC software elements, it is possible to determine the displacement components in P. R. D Karthick Babu and K. Ramesh (2006) Development of photoelastic fringe
Step size: 4
the centre of every pixel. plotting scheme from 3D FE results, Communication to Numerical Methods
Correlation: ZNSSD Engineering 22: 809-821
TEMPLATE DESIGN 2008

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