THE CONTRIBUTIONS

OF WORLD TO
ARCHITECT AND SCULPTURE
THREE CIVILIZATIONS HAVE LAID DOWN THE
PRINCIPLES OF CONSTRUCTION FOR WORLD
ART:
Egypt
Greece
Rome
EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE
-Used rectangular forms and straight line
-They invented the principles of
construction called post and lintel.
- Houses were made of perishable
materials, like reed or palm leaf for the
roof and sun-dried clay for the walls.
Post and Lintel - spanning method in
construction in which lintels, or beams,
are laid horizontally across the tops of
posts or columns. Additional horizontal
beams span from beam to beam,
forming decks that can become roofs or
be occupied as floors.
EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE
- Houses were considered a temporary abode
while pyramids were considered everlasting
monuments and permanent dwelling place.

Ex: Pyramids of Giza

Funerary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut
EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE

Funerary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut

EGYPTIAN SCULPTURE
- characterized by complete solidly
structured figures that embody qualities
of geometric clarity and strength
- developed in a high degree of perfection
- Mythical figures and humans with the head of
a cat or bird.
EGYPTIAN SCULPTURE
Ex:
- statue of Bastet, the cat goddess, and
the sphinx.

- Menkaure and Khamerernebty

EGYPTIAN SCULPTURE
Ex:
- statue of Bastet, the cat goddess, and
the sphinx.

- Menkaure and Khamerernebty

Greek Architecture
-Three Classical Orders: Doric, Ionic,
Corinthians.
-Ionic and Doric began during the Archaic
period.
- Corinthian period happened during the
Alexandrian Age
Doric Column
-Features a large square block at the top
called the abacus
- carved molding featured underneath known
as echinus, the echinus springs from the
main body of the column.
- No base, massive and short
-Ex: the Parthenon
Ionic order
- has scrolls on top of the column.

-The base is round with alternating

concave and convex features. The fluting
in the column is deeper and narrower.
Corinthian Order
- most slender and the tallest of all
columns. It has a base and two rows of
vertical acanthus leaves at the top
column, combined with the scrolls.
-associated with luxury and feminine
-Acanthus leaf design
Greek Sculpture
- perfection of human form
- inspired by the Greek gods and
goddesses

Ex: The Discus Thrower of Myron

Erechtheum with the porch of Maidens
 The
Discus
Thrower
of Myron
Erechtheum
with the
porch of
Maidens
Roman Architecture
- they prided themselves for their strong
government which expanded into an
empire.
- they built the Colosseum at the center of
the city.
- The great open-area was used for games
and gladiator combats.
Colosseum
of
Rome
Roman Architecture
- Roman architecture responded to the
needs of the public: arenas, forums and
baths.
-Romans introduced the use of the arch
which was expanded to make the arched
vault, barrel vault and groined vault.
Roman Architecture
- This gave rise to the rise, a half-
circular structure used as a central in
roof in public buildings.

ex.: Pantheon and villas

Roman Architecture

Pantheon
of
Rome
Roman Sculpture
- it is done through a method of casting
in which a mold was made from the
original to make plaster copies.
- They excelled in portrait sculpture
which honored the soldiers, prominent
citizens, merchants and their rulers.
Roman Sculpture
- showed details of human figure,
including old age and imperfect
anatomical proportions.

Ex: Augustus of Prima Porta, the statue

of the emperor Augustus
 Augustus of
Prima Porta,
the statue of the
emperor Augustus