The major part of cellular RNA is in the

ribosomes and tried to increase in cells

that are engaged in large-scale protein
synthesis.

The first thought was that the RNA is a

template for ordering amino acids, that
change when the scientists analyzed
strains of E. coli.
 First, all organisms are composed of two unequally sized
subunits, containing rRNA, that either stick together or fall
apart in a reversible manner.

Second, all the rRNA chains within the small subunits are of
similar chain lengths (1500 bases) and large subunits (3000
bases).

Third, the composition of the small and the larger

are the same in all bacteria, plants, and animals.

This is not expected, if the rRNA were a large collection

of different RNA templates, so neither the small nor large.
Discovery of Messenger RNA
(mRNA)
Cells infected whit phage T4 provided the ideal system to
find the true template for the RNA.

They dont bind to the ribosomal protein that normally does the
rRNA, the attach to already form ribosomes.

T4 RNA they prepare is bases to bind whit the host RNA (amino
acid precursors for protein synthesis).

Carries the information from DNA to the ribosomal sites of protein

synthesis.
Discovery of Messenger RNA
(mRNA)
The rRNA components of ribosomes plus 50
differents ribosomal proteins are factories for proteins synthesis,
that bring the tRNA.
Amino acid precursors into position where they
can read off the information provided
by the mRNA templates.

Theres a few percent of mRNA presented in the RNA.

A small segment of mRNA is attached at a given moment to a

ribosome, and can simultaneously be read by several ribosomes.
 RNA DNA

RNA
DNA.

DNA lines up in the right ribonucleotide.

 The RNA (AU/GC) ratios of syntesis are similar to the DNA
(AT/GC) ratio
And only one of the strands (of DNA) is use as a template to
make RNA, they are complementary but no identical.
The synthesis of RNA procedes in a fixed
direction

beginning at the 5-end and concluding

with the 3-end nucleotide.

mRNA synthesized during a short time

window was labeled and is synthesized in
the nucleus, whithin and hour.

Had left the nucleus and was observed in

the cytoplams.
Given the existence of 20 amino acids but only
four bases, gorups of several nucleotides must
somehow specify a given aminoacid.

And. The prmutation if we use two groups we

for a (4x4) only 16 aminoacids

In more research they discover that there are

groups of triplets and increase the permutations
(4x4x4) now there are 64 aminoacids

That are called codons

Autoradiograph of a cell exposed to radioactive
cytidine for 15 min, and exposed silver emulsion

Each dark spot represents the origin of an electron

emitted from a 3 that is in the RNA.

Sooo. The newly made RNA is found in the nucleus.

After 12 min the labeled incorporated in to the RNA, in

the first 12 min has left the nucleus and moved into
the cytoplasm.