Lesson Plan in Science Grade 10

(Final Demonstration)

Joji D. Daguio
Iligan City National High School

Content Standard:
Learners demonstrate an understanding of the information stored in DNA as being
used to make proteins.

Learning Competency and Code:

Learners should be able to explain how proteins is made using information from
RNA. S10LT- IIIe-38l

Quarter: 3 Week: 4 Day: 35

I. Objectives:
At the end of 60 minutes, 100% of the learners are expected to:
a. Define the RNA transcription.
b. Identify the stages involved in transcription process.

II. Content:
I. SUBJECT MATTER: CENTRAL DOGMA: TRANSCRIPTION
A. Reference: Science Grade 10 Teacher’s Guide 199-202; Science Grade 10
Teacher’s Material pages 273-275
B. Materials: Pictures, Reading Materials, Cartolina, Manila Paper, Markers,
Answer Sheets, Video
C. Ideas
1. The sequence of nucleotides in DNA directs the order of nucleotides in
messenger RNA in a process called transcription.
2. There are three major types of RNA that help build proteins: mRNA, rRNA,
and tRNA
3. The mRNA carries the information in DNA to the ribosomes found in the
cytoplasm
D. Processes: Describing
E. Value: Collaboration, Appreciation

III. Learning Tasks:

ELICIT : 5 Minutes Materials/Responses

A. Preliminary Activity
1. Greetings. Good morning, Sir Joji!
2. Prayer. (Student will lead a
 - One student is requested to lead a prayer. prayer.)
3. Checking of attendance. (Students check their
4. Exercise. “1-2-3 Clap” assignments while the
5. Collect assignment. teacher gives the answers.)
6. Present class rules. (T.L.C Rules)
7. Review previous topic on DNA Replication. DNA replication is the
process by which DNA
“So, what is DNA Replication?” makes a copy of itself
during cell division. The
process of making an
identical copy of a section
of double-stranded DNA,
using existing DNA as a
template for the synthesis
of new DNA strands.

It starts by the unzipping

Very Good! How does your DNA replicate? of DNA strand by the
Helicase, sir.

Yes correct! What happens next? What does DNA It adds up necessary base
polymerase do? pairs, sir.

That’s right! Lastly, what happens then? Ligase glues up the new
strands sir.
Very good! You have well understood the lesson. Any
questions regarding DNA Replication? No, sir!

ENGAGE :5 Minutes
Jumbled Letters

Before we start our lesson; let us have a short activity

first. I have here jumbled letters with me, and you have form
a word out of them. You will be divided into two groups and Yes, sir.
you will match the meaning of the words you have formed.
Afterwards, you will share them with the class. Then we will
define these words afterwards in our definition of terms.
Understood? You only have 3 minutes to form the words
assigned to your group.
RNA Polymerase,
Okay time’s up! Let’s see what words you had formed. Nucleotides, Coding
Strand, Ribosome
Okay thank you. Now let’s check your answers.
Now class, as we can recall last meeting that Central Dogma Our body uses protein to
includes 3 processes to produce a certain protein. build and repair tissues.
What do you think are these proteins for? You also use protein to
make enzymes, hormones,
and other body chemicals.
Yes, very good. So, what do you think is the next step in Transcription, sir.
synthesizing proteins?
Student reads objective
Okay very good! Kindly read the three objectives. together.

Right now, let’s check the words you formed earlier and
define each of them.
Now the first word is:
 RNA Polymerase – an enzyme that builds a new RNA
molecule through base pairing.
 Coding Strand – part of the DNA where RNA attaches
itself
 Ribosome – a part of the cell where proteins are
manufactured
 Nucleotide – building blocks of DNA and RNA strand

EXPLORE AND EXPLAIN: 20 Minutes

Getting to Know Transcription

Now class we have defined Transcription as the process It contains the instructions
which DNA copies itself to form RNA. Transcription is the to make protein.
first step in Protein Synthesis. What is the role of DNA in
protein synthesis?

So let’s relate transcription in a car factory. In order to

form a car, you need to have your car parts. Now in a factory,
engineers tell workers how to make cars and the workers
follow directions to build the cars. Suppliers bring parts to the
factory so they can be installed in the car. Protein production
is similar to car production. It is the role of the DNA to
provide workers with the instructions for making the proteins,
and the workers build the proteins. Other workers known as
amino acids bring parts to the factory. RNA molecules or the
workers for protein synthesis get the instructions from the
DNA on how the protein should be assembled. But today we
will only focus on the first step which is Transcription. Where
does transcription happen? In the nucleus, Sir.

Correct! Transcription occur inside the nucleus of the cell.

There are 3 steps involved in Transcription. What are these Initiation, Elongation, and
steps? Termination

Yes! Those are the major steps that happen in your

Transcription. So let’s see in this illustration how these steps
happen.

The first step in Transcription is Initiation. During this Yes, Sir.

phase, your RNA polymerase binds with your DNA strand
and opens it. Take note of the word, ‘binding’, because it is
what basically happens during this stage. Understood?

So okay in step 2, Elongation, your base pairing happens

in your nitrogenous bases which are done by your RNA Yes, Sir.
nucleotides. So instead of Thymine pairing Adenine, that will
be replaced by your Uracil. In this phase you have to take
note of the word ‘pairing’. Understood?

Okay, the last stage is Termination. During this phase, the

base pairing stops because your RNA polymerase reaches
your Termination point. Then your RNA molecule breaks
away as your DNA strands rejoin. Finally RNA molecule
leaves the nucleus and goes to the cytoplasm carrying the
product of your Transcription which is mRNA or messenger
RNA which carries the information needed in Protein Yes, sir.
Synthesis which happens in the next phase which is
Translation. It leads to the ribosome where the next stage
starts.

Now those are the major steps in your transcription. Do you

understand everything class?

Now, to clarify the stages of transcription, please watch the (Groups 1-3 present their
video on RNA replication. answers)

Any questions? If none, let’s go on with our group activity,

you have to make a flowchart of the events that happen in the
stages of Transcription. I will be providing you your cartolina
as well as your answer sheet. Then a representative from your
group will share your answers with the class. Is that clear
class? Now your report will be graded according to a rubric.
(Teacher presents rubric. Please refer on the next page.)

The first step in

Okay time’s up! Please paste you group work on the board Transcription is Initiation
now. where RNA polymerase
Let’s start the presentation with group 1. enzyme binds and opens
the DNA molecule that
will be transcribed
Next is Elongation, As the
Okay thank you so much group 1. How about for group 2 DNA molecule opens, the
RNA links free RNA
nucleotides that pair with
the nitrogenous bases of
Okay, thank you! let’s have Group 3. the complementary DNA
strand.
Then finally, in
And lastly group 4. Termination, when base-
pairing is completed, the
 RNA molecule breaks
away as the DNA strands
rejoin. The RNA leaves
the nucleus and goes to
the cytoplasm.

ELABORATE : 15 minutes
Transcription happen in 3 stages:

Initiation which binding of RNA polymerase happens,

then in elongation, we have the pairing up of base pairs.
Lastly we have termination which stops the pairing of RNA
molecules and breaking away of RNA molecule out of the
nucleus carrying the information needed in Protein Synthesis. It provides the necessary
 information to create
So, what do you think is the role or importance of RNA amino acids and therefore,
transcription in making proteins in the cell? proteins as well.

Yes, that is how RNA functions. Through transcription,

the information form DNA is transcribed to RNA in order to Yes, Sir.
produce proteins. Is everything clear class?

EVALUATE : 10 minutes
Instruction: Answer the following in a 1/4th sheet of paper.
Answer:
Part A: Define RNA Transcription and give its The process which DNA
importance in protein synthesis. (5 points) copies itself to form RNA
and it provides the
necessary information to
create amino acids and
therefore, proteins as well.

Part B: Below are events that happen during

Transcription. Identify what stage does each event happen. T
Write I if it happens during Initiation, E for Elongation and T E
for termination. (5 points) I
___ 1. RNA leaves the nucleus and goes to the cytoplasm T
___ 2. RNA polymerase binds to the DNA strand and opens E
the DNA molecule to be transcribed
___ 3. The RNA nucleotides pairs up nitrogenous bases to its
complementary DNA strand
___ 4. When all the nitrogenous bases are paired up to their
bases, the molecule breaks away or stops the process.
___ 5. In RNA base pairing, Adenine is paired up with Uracil
as its complementary base pair.
EXTEND: 5 minutes
Assignment: (10 points)
In a ½ crosswise, write at least 3 sentences explaining why
Transcription is essential in the next step of protein synthesis
which is Translation.