PANPACIFIC UNIVERSITY

URDANETA CITY, PANGASINAN

SCHOOL OF BASIC EDUCATION

A DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN SCIENCE 10

I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:
a. explain how mutation may cause changes to the structure and function of a
protein;
b. differentiate the four types of mutation; and
c. discuss some syndromes or defects that are caused by genetic mutation.
II. SUBJECT MATTER
a. TOPIC
Mutation
b. REFERENCES
Science 10; Bautista, Ferdinand S. et. al.;2015; Vicarish Publication and Trading,
Inc.; pp. 195 - 198
c. MATERIALS
Visual aids
d. VALUES INTEGRATION
Inquisitive mind and cooperation during the teaching-learning process
e. TEACHING STRATEGY
Lecture-Discussion Method, Inquiry Approach
III. PROCEDURE

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENTS’ ACTIVITY

A. ROUTINARY ACTIVITIES
a. Prayer

Let us pray first. Please lead the (One student will lead the prayer)
prayer.

b. Greetings

Good Afternoon, Class!!! Good Afternoon, Sir!!!

c. Checking of attendance
Who are absent today? None, Sir.

I am glad to hear that no one is absent

today.
B. REVIEW
Before we proceed to our lesson for this
day, let’s have first brief recall regarding
the Protein Synthesis. (Student answers)
What are the three processes involved in Sir, replication, transcription and translation
the Central Dogma? in protein synthesis.

What is the sugar present in RNA? Sir, we have ribose.

How will you describe the structure of

RNA? Sir, DNA structure is single-stranded.
 What are the nitrogenous bases of RNA? Sir, we have adenine (A), uracil (U), cytosine
(C) and guanine (G).

What is protein synthesis? Sir, Protein synthesis is the process of

creating amino acids and proteins.

Very Good! I hope that you really

understand our topic. Do you have any
questions and clarifications? None, Sir.
C. LESSON PROPER

For any interference that will occur in the (Few students raise their hands)
process of DNA replication, there will be
an aberration that will take place. Any
change in the sequence of nitrogenous
bases in the DNA, any mistake in the
transcription of genetic information from
DNA to RNA or pairing of codon and
anticodon can cause changes in the kind,
sequence and number of amino acids of
proteins synthesized by cells. These
changes or alterations are called
mutation. These changes will lead to
some abnormalities or defects in the
DNA or genetic makeup of an individual. (Student answers)
The abnormality in the chromosomes is
observed using the technique called Karyotyping is the technique used to see the
karyotyping. What do you think is paired chromosomes arranged according to
karyotyping? size.

Very Good! In this technique, the

chromosomes are photographed and
arranged according to size and pairs.
Missing and excess number of
chromosomes will indicate that there is
something in the individual that will be
seen in its physical appearance. There are
4 types of mutation. What are these types Sir, the 4 types of mutation are substitution,
of mutation? insertion, inversion, and deletion.

First type of mutation is substitution.

Substitution mutation occurs when one
nucleotide base is replaced by another.
This type of mutation is likely to
eradicate the synthesis of proteins. In
such an event, an amino acid is
substituted for another because only a
single codon is changed. The second
type of mutation is deletion. Deletion is a
mutation in which a section of DNA is
lost or removed. In this case, the reading
frame would advance one letter and all
the subsequent codons would be changed.
The third type of mutation is insertion.
Insertion is a type of mutation in which a
new DNA base is inserted into an
existing sequence of DNA bases.
Alteration of the amino acids sequences
results in this type of mutation. Lastly,
the type of mutation called inversion in
which it is a reciprocal translocation
between two nonhomologous
chromosomes. It happens when a section
of DNA breaks away and reattaches to the
chromosome in a reversed order.
Do you have any questions? None, Sir.

There are also agents that cause mutation.

These are called MUTAGENS. Among
the most potent of mutagens are various
chemical and ionizing radiation such as
X-rays and cosmic rays; and the
ultraviolet light which is a high energy
radiation.
The different types of mutation lead to
abnormalities or deformities in the
structure of an individual. First is the
Klinefelter Syndrome. It is characterized
by the presence of an extra X-
chromosome in the 23rd pair, resulting in
XXY sex chromosomes. All individuals
with this disorder are male.
Characterization of these people includes
a long neck, an undeveloped breast, a
female pubic hair lining, infertility,
distorted sex organs and low intelligence.
Next syndrome is the Turner Syndrome.
Turner syndrome is a genetic disorder
that is characterized by the absence of an
X-chromosome in female. This condition
is called monosomy. These female are Sir, meiosis is the process that occurs in
distinguished as having a short round gametes that produce 4 daughter cells.
body, a broad chest, infertile or defective
ovaries etc. This happens when the pair
of sex chromosomes fails to separate
during the process of meiosis. What is
meiosis again?

Down syndrome is characterized by the

presence of an complete extra copy of
chromosome 21.
 Very Good! All the abnormalities in the
chromosomes will be shown in the
phenotype of the individual or it will
manifest as its physical appearance. The

last one is the Down Syndrome. What is

all about this syndrome?

Exactly! It is also called trisomy 21. This

abnormality produces a child with mental
retardation or delayed cognition ability.
This is also the most rampant
chromosomal abnormality among
humans in all parts of the world. This
condition has a set of peculiar facial
characteristics.

Do you have any questions or

clarifications?
D. APPLICATION
Students will do an activity regarding
protein synthesis.

Go to your respective groupmates and

bring out your materials. I want you to
make a model that shows the different
types of mutation. Choose your leader.
All leaders please go in front to pick on (Each leader picks a paper)
what type of mutation you will do.

You may now start your activity. (Students start doing their activity)
E. GENERALIZATION
(Students answer)
Are you done with your activity? Yes, Sir.

Very Good! This time, I want you to present

your work here in front in order for us to see (Each group presents their work)
if you really understand our topic or not.

Give yourself a round of applause for a job (students clap)

well done.

Very Good! Your presentation is an evidence

that you really understand our topic for this
day. Do you have any questions and None, Sir.
clarifications?
IV. EVALUATION

A. Identify what is being asked in each Answer Key:

number. Write your answer in the space A.
provided before the number. 1. Inversion
________1. It is the reciprocal 2. Mutation
translocation of 3. Mutagens
nonhomologous 4. Monosomy
chromosomes. 5. Down Syndrome
________2. These are alterations or B.
changes that happen in the 1-4.
genetic makeup of an  Substitution
individual.  Insertion
________3. These are agents that cause  Deletion
mutation.  Inversion
________4. It is the term used to 5-7.
describe the Turner  Turner Syndrome
Syndrome.  Down Syndrome
________5. It is a syndrome that
 Klinefelter Syndrome
produces a child with
8-10.
mental retardation.
 Aborfacient
B. ENUMERATION
1-4. Types of Mutation  Chemical and Ionizing Radiation
5-7. Different Syndromes  X-Rays
8-10. Mutagens  Cosmic Rays
 Ultraviolet Light
V. ASSIGNMENT
Research for other diseases or syndromes (The students copy assignment)
that are caused by genetic mutation. Write it
in your notebook.

Are you done copying? Yes, Sir.

That’s all for today. Good Bye, Grade 10!!! Good Bye Sir!!!

Prepared by:

KING JHAMIL MAMERTO ORPIANO

Biological Science Student Teacher
 Submitted to:

MS. MONICA L. RIVERA

Science Teacher, SBE