Introduction

The primary purpose of the vibration measuring instrument is to give an output signal
which represents the vibration phenomenon.

The phenomenon may be displacement, velocity or acceleration of a vibrating system.

Vibration measuring devices having mass, spring, dash pot, etc. are known as seismic
instruments.
Displacement measuring instrument / Vibrometer

It is used to measure the displacement of a vibrating

System

It consists of a frame in which the seismic mass (m) is

supported by means of a spring (k) and damper (c)

The frame is mounted on a vibrating body and K

C
vibrates along with it

A scale is fixed on the frame and a pointer on the

seismic mass Vibrating Body
Let us consider equation

Let us assume /n=r in the above equation

Y
Amplitude Ratio(Z/Y):

Characteristics of above equation is plotted as shown in fig.

 From figure, it can be seen that for large values of r(=/n), the ratio Z/Y approaches unity
irrespective of the value of damping.

It implies that provided r is large, the amplitude recorded is approximately equal to the amplitude of
vibrating body.
 Further more, it can be seen from figure that if damping factor(r) is about 0.70 or a little higher, it is
possible to have a better approximation of relation (Z/Y=1) over a large range of frequency ratio.

So, Vibrometer (AKA low frequency transducer) can be used to measure the high frequency of a
vibrating body by having the instruments of low natural frequency n usually ranging from 1-5 Hz.
Phase Difference:

The phase angle plot shown below indicates the phase lag of the seismic mass with respect to vibrating base of machine