CONTROL PROCESS

THERMAL PROCESS
EXAMPLE

Aguilar Fabian, Caraballo Rafael, Castellar Yeison,

De la Rosa Leni, Ortega Daniela, Pjaro Mara E.

August 24th 2017 1

 THERMAL PROCESS EXAMPLE

Smith & Corripio, 2005

, Assumptions
Liquid is well mixed

Tank is well insulated

Energy input by the stirrer is

negligible

Constant and equal inlet and outlet

volumetric flow, liquid densities and
heat capacity
,
Question
Mathematical model, response
to changes in 2

Control volume
 THERMAL PROCESS EXAMPLE
Energy balance:
CASE 1: ADIABATIC

Rate of change of
Rate of energy into Rate of energy out energy accumulated in
control volume of control volume control volume

Replacing internal energy () and enthalpy ()

= =

= Eq. 13

 THERMAL PROCESS EXAMPLE

Deviation
CASE 1: ADIABATIC

Stable State (SS): , = 0 Eq. 2

Resting Eq. 1 & 2

, =

= ,

() =

() ()
=
() =
+ ()

4
 THERMAL PROCESS EXAMPLE

Use of Laplace transform yields

CASE 1: ADIABATIC

() =
+ ()


= (0)
() =
+ ()

() = 0 + ()
0 = 0 = 0

1 Transfer function first-order processes

= ()
( + 1)

Assuming inlet temperature increases of M degrees in magnitude

= , <0
5
= , + 0
 THERMAL PROCESS EXAMPLE
= () 1
() = () = =
( + 1)
CASE 1: ADIABATIC

Unit step function

Partial fractions method

=
= = +
+ 1 + 1 =

Laplace transform inverse

1 1
1 = (1 )
= + ( + )
+ 1
1
1 = 1 + 1
1
= ()
+ 1
6

= (1 / ) or = + (1 / )
 THERMAL PROCESS EXAMPLE

= (1 / ) = (1 1 ) = 0.632

t=
CASE 1: ADIABATIC

Figure. Response of a first-order process to a step change in input variable

7
 THERMAL PROCESS EXAMPLE

= Eq. 1
Case 2: Non adiabatic

Assumption: U constant = ()

Stable State (SS): , , = 0 Eq. 2

Resting Eq. 1 & 2

, ( , ) =

= ,

() =
8
() = ,
 THERMAL PROCESS EXAMPLE

Case 2: Non adiabatic

()
() =

+ = + ()
+ + +

Use of Laplace transform yields

+ = 1 + 2 ()

0 + = 1 + 2
1 2
=
+ 9

+ 1 + 1
 THERMAL PROCESS EXAMPLE

Constant: surrounding temperature

Case 2: Non adiabatic

1
= = , ; = 0
+ 1

Constant: liquid temperature

2
= = , ; = 0
+ 1

Assuming inlet temperature increases of M degrees in magnitude

= , <0
10
= , + 0
 THERMAL PROCESS EXAMPLE
1
= () = =
( + 1)
Case 2: Non adiabatic

Unit step function

Partial fractions method

1
= = +
+ 1 + 1

Laplace transform inverse

1
1 =
1 1 +
= +
+ 1 1
1 = ()
1 1
1 = 1 + 1
+ 1
11

= 1 (1 / ) or = + 1 (1 / )
 THERMAL PROCESS EXAMPLE

output variable
= =
input variable

+ 1 M
1

, C

Time
12
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