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IP Addressing
Internet Protocol (IP)
10001100.10110011.11011100.11001000
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
Binary Octet:
1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
128 + 0 + 0+ 0+ 8 + 4+ 0 + 0 = 140
Address Classes
(32 Bit Address 232 = 4.2 billion possible addresses)
Class A:
NNNNNNNN.HHHHHHH.HHHHHHHH.HHHHHHHH
Class B:
NNNNNNNN.NNNNNNNN.HHHHHHH.HHHHHHHH
Class C:
NNNNNNNN.NNNNNNNN.NNNNNNNN.HHHHHHHH
140.179.220.200
Our example is a Class B address
By default, the Network part of the address is defined by
the first 2 octets: 140.179.x.x
By default, the Host part of the address is defined by the
last 2 octets: x.x.220.200
140.179.0.0
140.179.255.255
The highly dreaded.
SUBNETTING
Subnetting
Subnetting an IP network can be done for
various reasons including:
Organization
Use of different physical media
Preservation of address space
Security
Control network traffic
Example Class A
Efficiency
Non-subnetted networks are wasteful
Division of networks not optimal
Smaller Network
Easier to manage
Smaller broadcast domains
Subnet Mask
Subnet masks are applied to an IP
address to identify the Network portion
and the Host portion of the address.
Class B - 255.255.0.0
11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
Class C - 255.255.255.0
11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
Logical Bitwise AND Operation
Remember our example?
140.179.240.200
In Binary:
10001100.10110011.11110000.11001000
11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
10001100.10110011.00000000.00000000
NNNNNNNN.NNNNNNNN.NNNNNNNN.NNNHHHHH
Above is how the computer will see our new subnet mask,
but we need to express it in decimal form as well:
255.255.255.224 128+64+32=224
What address is what?
206.15.143.33 or 32+1
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
And the last address in the Network will look like this:
206.15.143.62
0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0
11001000.00001111.10001111.01011001= 200.15.143.89
11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000 = 255.255.255.224
11001000.00001111.10001111.01000000 = 200.15.143.64
24-2=14
24-2=14