INSTURCTION CYCYLE

By : Er Sanjay Kushwah
CSE 3rd year
Contents
Instruction Fetching
Instruction Decoding
Data Fetching
Instruction Execution
Writing Results
Pictorial Layout
What Actually Instruction Cycle Is ???

INSTRUCTION CYCLE is a all about

the way instructions are fetched from
memory , decoded , and executed by
the processor.
 PHASES OF IC

GENERALLY INSTRUCTIONS ARE EXECUTED SEQUENTIALLY.

Instruction Fetching
In this phase program Counter (PC) plays
vital role.
PROGRAM COUNTER is a register
which stores the address of the next
INSTRUCTION to be executed.
Hence depending on the value of PC
address is send through ADDRESS bus to
the memory and then specific instruction
is sent back through DATA bus
 GRAPHICAL SIMULATION
Program Counter

1000

Fetched DATA BUS

Instruction

Instruction Register MEMORY

INSTRUCTION FETCHING
Instruction Decode

After fetching an instruction, It is decoded

from USER FRIENDLY LANGUAGE to
MACHINE LANGUAGE which is
familiar to the PROCESSOR of computer
system.
Data Fetching
In this phase Data is fetched through
DATA bus.
Fetch the operand from the memory
for instance
a=b+c;
The above instruction requires the
10 b
values of b and c to be fetched from
the memory. 20 c

Only then it can move to execution. MEMORY

Instruction Execution
Once the instruction gets decoded the
processor executes the instruction.

In this phase , processor performs the

actions specified by the given instruction.
Writing Result
Once the instruction is executed the
result produced is written back to the
memory
Generally Accumulator(AC) stores input
and output data.
Result is sent back to memory through
data bus.
After completion of Instruction cycle
program counter is incremented by one.

In this way again a new cycle starts and

goes on in the same way.