Science of Hadith

Introduction
 Introduction
Muslims are agreed that the sunnah of the
Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him)
is the second of the two revealed
fundamental sources of Islam.
During the lifetime of Prophet Muhammad
(peace be upon him) and after his death ,
his companions used to refer to him
directly, when quoting his sayings.
 Introduction
The next generation to Tabieen
(successors) used to follow their steps and
quote the Prophet (peace be upon him )
directly, while others would still mention
the link. ( he is usually a Sahabi or senior
Tabiee)
After the fitnah (civil war) happened ,
some sects appeared within the Muslim
nation.
 Introduction
Various groups supported their views by
fabricating some ahadeeth.
The need for verification of each Hadith
arose.
Imam Malik (d.179) said : The first one to
utilize the Isnad/sanad was Ibn Shihab
Alzuhri (d.124)
 Introduction

A hadith is composed of two parts: the

matn (text) and the isnad / sanad ( chain
of reporters)
A text may seem to be logical and
reasonable but needs an authentic isnad
with reliable reporters to be acceptable.
 Introduction

Imam Abdullah ibn Al-Mubarak

(d.181).H said: The isnad is part of the
religion, had it not been for the isnad,
whoever wished to, would have said what
ever he likes.
 Introduction

Ibn Sireen (d.110) said: They would not

ask about the isnad, but when the fitnah
happened they said: Name to us your
men. So the narrations of Ahla-alsunnah
would be accepted, while those of Ahl-
albidah would not be accepted.
A brief history of
Mustalah al-
Hadith
 A brief history of Mustalah al-
Hadith
As time passed, more reporters were
involved in each isnad / sanad.

The situation demanded strict discipline in

the acceptance of Ahadith.

The set of rules governing this area of

knowledge is called Mustalah al-Hadith.
 A brief history of Mustalah al-
Hadith
Among the early writing about these rules,
the work of Al-Imam Ashafie (d.204) in his
book called Al-Risalah, Imam Muslim
(d.261) in his introduction to his sahih and
the notes found in Jami Atthirmithi (d.279)
 A brief history of Mustalah al-
Hadith

The first work that was comprehensive

and purely dedicated to the rules of
Mustalah Al-Hadith is what was written by
Al-Ramahurmuzi (d.360)

.][
 A brief history of Mustalah al-
Hadith

The next major contribution was Marifat

Ulum Al-hadeeth by Al-Hakim (d.405) H.
He covered fifty classifications of Hadith,
but still he left some points untouched.

Abu Nuaim Al-asbahani (d.430)

completed some of the missing work.
 A brief history of Mustalah al-
Hadith
Then came Al-Khateeb Al-Baghdadi (d.463)
with his work Al-Kifayah fi ilm Al-Riwayah.
)(
and his 2nd work (Al-Jami Li-Akhlaaq Al-
raawy wa Adab Al-sami)
)(
 A brief history of Mustalah al-
Hadith

Then came Al-Qadi Iyad (d.544) with his work

)(

Al-lma Fi thabth Al-riwayah wa Kawaneen

Al-sama
 A brief history of Mustalah al-
Hadith

Then came Ibn salaah (d.643) with his

famous work
the science of Hadith commonly known
as Muqadimah Ibn al-salah, it contained
series of lessons taught by Ibn Alsalah in
Al-Ashrafiyah School in Damascus.
 A brief history of Mustalah al-
Hadith

Imam Al-nawawi (d.774) summarized Al-

muqqadimah in a book called Al-Irshad, and then
he summarized Al-Irshad in his book Al-taqrib
)(
Imam As-suyouti wrote a commentary on Al-
taqrib and called it Tadrib al-Rawy
 Classification of Hadith
According to the reference to a particular authority

Hadith

Marfu Mawquf Maqtu

(Elevated) (Stopped) (Severed)