IC3 Internet and Computing Core Certification Guide

Global Standard 4

My tnh
cn bn

Bi 1: H iu hnh

IIG Vietnam 1
 Mc tiu bi hc

Cch h iu hnh lm vic

Cch khi ng v thot khi Windows
Windows Desktop l g
Phn mm ng dng khc vi h iu hnh nh th no
Cch s dng nt Start
Cch iu hng trong Desktop
Cch s dng thanh tc v (taskbar)
Mi quan h gia phn cng v phn mm
Cc bn cp nht phn mm

IIG Vietnam 2
 H iu hnh l g?
L tp hp cc chng trnh c thit k iu khin
ton b cc thit b phn cng v phn mm ng dng
trong my tnh, tng tc v qun l vic giao tip gia
my tnh v ngi s dng
Qun l cc thit b u vo, cc thit b u ra, v cc
thit b lu tr
Qun l cc tp tin c lu tr trn my tnh
Mi my tnh i hi phi c h iu hnh thc hin
cc chc nng
Phi np vo b nh ca my tnh trc khi ti bt k
phn mm ng dng hoc tng tc vi ngi s dng

IIG Vietnam 3
 H iu hnh l g?
Disk Operating System (DOS)
H iu hnh u tin c pht trin cho my tnh PC
Da trn vn bn
Hu ht cc h iu hnh s dng giao din ha
ngi dng (GUI) tch hp
Cc chc nng v cc lnh c i din bi cc trnh n
v cc nt hoc biu tng c th nhn vo
S dng tr vo v nhn" (point and click) thc hin
hu ht cc cng vic

IIG Vietnam 4
 H iu hnh l g?
Chng trnh phn mm c thit k chy trn mt h
iu hnh c th s dng cng cc nt bm, biu tng hay
hnh nh cho cc chc nng thng dng
Gim thi gian cn thit tm hiu phn mm mi
Qun l phn cng, cc chng trnh v cc tp tin
Phn mm ng dng cho php ngi dng lm vic hiu qu
phn mm ng dng cho php mt ngi dng tr nn hiu qu hn
khi to cc ti liu hoc hon thnh cc cng vic
chng trnh ng dng s tng tc vi h iu hnh mt cch v
hnh v bn khng nhn ra iu

IIG Vietnam 5
 Cc h iu hnh hin i

Windows 7

IIG Vietnam 6
 Cc h iu hnh hin i

Mac OS

IIG Vietnam 7
 Cc h iu hnh hin i
UNIX
Mt trong nhng h iu hnh a nhim, a ngi dng
u tin
c pht trin vo nm 1969 cho cc my tnh siu ln
v cc my ch
Phin bn mi hn cho cc h thng my tnh bn bao
gm giao din ha (GUI)
s dng rng ri trong cc trng i hc v cc t chc
nghin cu khoa hc
thng c s dng trn cc my c kh hoc cc ng
dng h tr thit k trn my tnh (CAD)

IIG Vietnam 8
 Cc h iu hnh hin i

Linux
Pht trin u tin vo nm 1991
Min ph v c c kh nng ty chnh
ng gi thnh cc nh dng c gi l cc bn phn phi
Bao gm h iu hnh, cc tin ch v cc th vin khc nhau,
v thm ch l mt s phn mm ng dng
c s dng rng ri trn cc siu my tnh v my ch cao
cp
Rt ph bin vi cc doanh nghip pht trin phn mm

IIG Vietnam 9
 Cc h iu hnh hin i

Cc h iu hnh cho thit b cm

tay (Handheld Operating Systems)
S dng trn cc PDA v Smartphone
Ty chn cho mi h thng khc nhau
ty thuc vo loi thit b cm tay
cc h iu hnh dnh cho thit b cm
tay ph bin: Symbian, Windows
Mobile, Palm, iOS v Blackberry

IIG Vietnam 10
 Cc h iu hnh hin i

Cc h iu hnh nhng
(Embedded Operating Systems)
Qun l v iu khin mi hot ng ca cc loi thit b c
th
Khi thit b c khi ng, h iu hnh nhng c ti ln
b nh
c thit k gn cht v c chuyn bit cao
Chng ch bao gm cc chc nng c th cho cc thit b c th
m n c pht trin

IIG Vietnam 11
 Cc kh nng v gii hn ca h iu hnh

Tn tp tin c th di n 255 k t
Trn PC, khng c th bao gm \ /: * <>? | trong tn tp
tin
Trn Mac, khng th s dng du hai chm trong tn tp
tin
C th m nhiu chng trnh cng lc
C th ty chnh cho ph hp vi s thch c nhn
My tnh c lp (Stand-alone computer) - c th ci t
chng trnh hoc ti v cc tp tin t Internet
My tnh mng (Networked computer) - c th khng c
quyn thc hin mt s tc v nht nh
IIG Vietnam 12
 Cc tnh nng chung ca h iu hnh
c th duy tr cc ti khon ring bit cho mi ngi dng,
theo di cc ti liu v cc thit lp ca mi ngi dng v
gi cho ti khon ngi dng c bo mt
Khi bn m mt my tnh chy Windows 7 ln u tin :
Ti khon ngi dng ca bn khng yu cu mt khu th bn s
c ng nhp mt cch t ng v mn hnh Desktop s xut hin
Nu s dng my tnh vi nhiu ti khon ngi dng hoc c yu cu
mt khu, Windows s hin th biu tng v bn phi ng nhp vo
ti khon ca bn bng cch nhp chut vo biu tng ti khon ca
bn v nhp vo mt khu tng ng

IIG Vietnam 13
 Cc tnh nng chung ca h iu hnh
Cp ngun (Power On) / Tt ngun (Power Off)
Khi my tnh khi ng ln u tin, bm nt ngun
My tnh vn hnh mt tp cc chng trnh t chun on
m bo rng phn cng thit yu ang hot ng bnh
thng v sau ti h iu hnh ln b nh
Khng bao gi n gin n nt ngun tt h thng
Lun lun s dng ty chn Shut Down hoc Power Off ca
h iu hnh
m bo rng cc thay i bt k bn lm trn h thng
c lu li ng cch v cc tp tin tm khng cn thit
s b xa i

IIG Vietnam 14
 Cc tnh nng chung ca h iu hnh
Khi ng my tnh
cng tc ngun c t pha trc
hoc pha trn cng thng my
Cng tc ngun ca mn hnh
thng c t gc di bn phi
Mt s h thng my tnh bn
cha mt nt khi ng li (Reset) Power Button
V tr ca nt ngun trn my tnh
xch tay s thay i nhung thng l
Reset Button
pha ngoi bn tri hoc mt trc
pha trn cng ca my tnh xch tay,
thng trn bn phm

IIG Vietnam 15
 Cc tnh nng chung ca h iu hnh

1. u tin bt tt c mi th kt ni n khi h thng

(system unit).
m bo mt dng in n nh cho khi h thng khi n
c bt ln cui cng.
2. Bt khi h thng - y l cng tc ngun cui cng m
bn bt ln.
Phn chun on ca h iu hnh kim tra tt c mi th
ang lm vic
Sau bt u tm kim cc tp tin ca h iu hnh

IIG Vietnam 16
 Cc tnh nng chung ca h iu hnh

Chuyn g xy ra pha sau?

Qu trnh bt my tnh v ti h iu hnh c gi l khi
ng (booting) my tnh
Chip ROM-BIOS lm th tc khi ng c th:
Ti cc lnh lu tr trong ROM-BIOS vo b nh v thc thi
cc lnh
My tnh tin hnh thng k cc thit b bn trong v bn ngoi
ca n v thc hin mt vi qu trnh t kim tra chung c
bit n nh l qu trnh t kim tra POST
Chng trnh BIOS kim tra v m b nh, sau my tnh
tm kim v ti h iu hnh vo b nh

IIG Vietnam 17
 Cc tnh nng chung ca h iu hnh

Chuyn g xy ra pha sau?

Khi h iu hnh c ti xong, Windows s hin th mn
hnh Cho mng
Nu my tnh c kt ni
vo mt mng ni b hoc
c thit lp cho nhiu
ngi dng, Windows s
hin th mn hnh ng nhp
Nhn vo biu tng cho
ti khon ngi dng
hoc nhp ID ng nhp, g mt khu v nhn ENTER

IIG Vietnam 18
 Cc tnh nng chung ca h iu hnh
Thot khoi my tnh ng cch
Vic lu cc tp tin ang lm vic ca bn, ng cc chng trnh
ang m, v ng xut hay tt my tnh khi bn lm vic xong l
rt quan trng
ng bao gi tt my tnh ca bn m khng ng cc tp tin v
cc chng trnh phn mm ang m ng cch, lun lun tt
hoc ng xut ng cch
Nhp chut vo nt Start truy cp vo cc ty chn Shut
Down
my tnh s ng tt c cc tp tin ang m, ng tt c cc chng
trnh, thot khi h iu hnh v sau tt hon ton my tnh

IIG Vietnam 19
 Cc tnh nng chung ca h iu hnh

Thot khoi my tnh ng cch

1 Tt
2 Cc ty chn
tt my tnh 1 2

Switch Chuyn sang ti khon ngi dng khc m khng cn

user ng xut khi ti khon hin hnh
Log off ng tt c cc mc ang m, ng xut ra khi ti khon
ngi dng hin ti, v tr v mn hnh ng nhp.
Lock n desktop ng sau mt mn hnh ng nhp cho n khi
ng nhp tr li vo h thng.

IIG Vietnam 20
 Cc tnh nng chung ca h iu hnh

Thot khoi my tnh ng cch

Restart ng tt c cc mc ang m v khi ng li my tnh m khng cn
ngt ngun, cn c gi l khi ng li hoc khi ng m. Khi
ng li h thng theo cch ny s xa b nh v ti li h iu hnh,
nhng h thng s khng thc hin cc bi kim tra t chn on
Sleep mn hnh s tt v thng qut my tnh cng dng li. n bn
ngoi cc thng my c th nhp nhy hoc chuyn sang mu vng
ch ra rng my tnh ang ng. Windows t cng vic v cc thit lp
ca bn vo b nh v sau my s tiu tn mt lng rt nh nng
lng. lnh Sleep c th xut hin l Standby.
Hibernate Ch c sn trn my tnh xch tay; bm vo ty chn ny t mt
my tnh xch tay vo mt ch m n hon ton khng tiu tn in
nng. Khi bn nhn nt ngun trn mt my tnh xch tay ang ng
ng, h thng khi ng tr li v li tip tc v trng thi trc khi
bn t n vo ng ng
IIG Vietnam 21
 Cc tnh nng chung ca h iu hnh

Lun lun Windows hon thnh qa trnh tt hay khi

ng li ng cch
Nu c s c mt ip p gp phi khi my ang ch
sleep hoc standby, bn s bmt nhng thng tin cha
c lu li
tt Standby v quay tr li ch bnh thng, ch cn
di chuyn chut hoc nhn mt phm trn bn phm
tt ch Hibernate, hy s dng nt Power

IIG Vietnam 22
 Tm hiu Windows Desktop

4 5 6

1 1 Cc biu tngIcons
Desktop 3 3 Mn hnh desktop
Desktop 5 5 Thanh tc v
Taskbar

2 2 Con tr chutPointer
Mouse 4 4 Nt Start
Start Button 6 Notification Area

IIG Vietnam 23
 Tm hiu Windows Desktop

Desktop y l cc shortcuts (ng tt) bn c th s dng m cc

Icons chng trnh, th mc hay tp tin thng dng
Mouse Con tr chut l mi tn di chuyn cng hng khi bn di chut.
Pointer
Desktop y chnh l vng lm vic hay mn hnh trn xut hin cc
ca s, biu tng, trnh n, hp thoi, v thanh sidebar. Bn c
th ty chnh hnh thc ca desktop
Start Button Nt ny c s dng khi ng chng trnh, m vn bn,
tm kim cc mc trong my tnh v tm thng tin tr gip cng
nh ng xut v tt my tnh.
Taskbar Thanh ngang di cng ca mn hnh bao gm nt Start, nt
cho chng trnh ang m v cc tp tin, v vng thng bo.
Taskbar bao gm mt ng h v cc biu tng giao tip hin th trng
Notification thi ca cc chng trnh v thit lp h thng, cc nt tc v cho
Area cc chng trnh v cc
IIGtp tin ang m.
Vietnam 24
 iu hng trong Desktop
S dng mt thit b tro (Pointing Device)
chn mt mc, di chuyn con tr chut (hnh mi tn) trn mc v
sau nhn nt chut tri mt ln. Hnh ng ny c gi l nhp
chut n (single-click)
kch hot mt mc, tr mi tn ca con tr chut mc v nhn
nt chut tri hai ln lin tip. Hnh ng ny c gi l nhp p
chut (double-click)
hin th mt trnh n tt (shortcut menu) vi nhiu ty chn hn,
im mi tn mc v nhn nt chut phi mt ln. Hnh ng ny
c gi l nhp chut phi (right-click)
S dng bn phm (Using the Keyboard)
Mt s chc nng c th c truy xut thng qua cc phm tt
Nhiu phm tt c chun ha gia cc ng dng

IIG Vietnam 25
 S dng nt khi ng (Start Button)

L cch chnh khi ng cc chng trnh, tm cc tp

tin, truy cp tnh nng tr gip trc tuyn, ng xut khi
mng, chuyn i gia cc ngi dng, hay tt my tnh
kch hot nt Start:
Nhp chut vo nt Start, hoc
Nhn phm Windows, hoc
Nhn CTRL + ESC

IIG Vietnam 26
S dng nt khi ng (Start Button)

2 1 Vng chng trnh c nh du

2 Cc chng trnh s dng gn y
3 Cc th mc h thng hu ch
4 Hp tm kim (Search Box)

IIG Vietnam 27
 S dng nt khi ng (Start Button)

xut hin bn cnh mt lnh cho bit c mt thc n ph s

hin th khi bn chn mc ny
) xut hin bn cnh mt lnh cho bit c mt thc n ph s
hin th khi bn chn mc ny
tr li thc n Start chnh, nhp chut vo lnh Back
chn cc mc t trnh n Start:
Nu s dng chut, nhn vo nt Start mt ln. Tr chut vo All
Programs hin th mt danh sch cc chng trnh m bn c th la
chn bt u
Nu s dng bn phm, bm phm Windows hin th trnh Start, Sau
nhn cc phm mi tn di chuyn n cc lnh cn thit, v khi n
c ni bt ln, bm ENTER kch hot n

IIG Vietnam 28
 Lm vic vi mt chng trnh ng dng
Cc chng trnh ng dng cho php con ngi thc hin
cng vic hiu qu bng cch s dng cc my tnh
Mi h iu hnh u cung cp mt phng thc bt
u cc chng trnh ng dng
Khi bn ng chng trnh ng dng, b nh c s
dng bi ng dng c gii phng v sn sng cho h
iu hnh ti phn b cho tc v khc
H iu hnh gim st cng vic ca bn xc nh cc
yu cu c th

IIG Vietnam 29
 S dng thanh tc v (Taskbar)

Theo mc nh, thanh tc v nm di cng mn hnh

Windows.
Bao gm nt Start, mt vng thng bo, ng h, v mt
nt taskbar cho mi chng trnh m
Windows t ng ci mt s chng trnh thng dng
trn thanh tc v d truy cp

1 Start 2 Taskbar Buttons 3 Notification Area 4 Show desktop

1 2 3 4

IIG Vietnam 30
 S dng thanh tc v (Taskbar)

Start Button Nhn vo y m trnh n v chn i tng m cc

chng trnh, tm cc tp tin, hoc tt my.
Taskbar Nt hin th cho mi chng trnh ng dng ang m v mt
Buttons s ng dng c xy dng sn trong Windows. Nhp chut
vo nt trn thanh tc v kch hot chng trnh hoc ca
s.
Notification Hin th ng h, biu tng v li tt (shortcut)
Area
Show Bn c th tr vo n lm cho tt c cc ca s ang m
desktop tr nn trong sut trong chc lt, v vy bn c th thy
button Desktop trong khong thi gian . Nhp chut vo n
ngay lp tc thu nh tt c ca s ang m trn Desktop. Khi
phc li tt c cc ca s v trng thi trc bng cch
nhp chut vo n mt ln na
IIG Vietnam 31
 S dng thanh tc v (Taskbar)
di chuyn thanh tc v:
t tr chut vo khong trng ca
thanh tc v v ko sang bn no
ca mn hnh
ngn nhng thay i i vi thanh
tc v, nhp chut phi vo bt k ch
trng no ca thanh tc v v m bo
rng tnh nng Lock the taskbar
c kch hot
ty bin cc thuc tnh
i vi thanh tc v:
nhp chut phi vo thanh tc v v
chn Properties, hoc
nhp chut phi vo nt Start v chn
Properties

IIG Vietnam 32
 S dng thanh tc v (Taskbar)

Nhp (Show hidden icons) tm thi hin th cc biu

tng n
Khi bn khi ng chng trnh, mt nt
xut hin trn thanh tc v cho bit chng trnh ang chy
mt ca s quan st trc xut hin cho tng tp tin khi bn
a con tr chut vo nt chng trnh trn thanh tc v

IIG Vietnam 33
 Mi quan h gia phn cng v phn mm

Phn cng (Hardware)

cc thit b v thnh phn vt l cu thnh my tnh c gi l phn
cng
Phn mm (Software)
H iu hnh v cc chng trnh ng dng
c thit k lm vic vi cc kiu phn cng my tnh c th
phn mm mi (c thit k vi cc h thng tnh ton hin i) khng
th vn hnh chnh xc trn cc h thng c nu cc h thng c
khng nhanh hoc khng th cung cp kh nng theo yu cu
Nu bn phi dng mt phin bn c th ca phn mm thc hin mt
tc v, s la chn phn mm ny c th ko theo loi my tnh bn phi
s dng chy phn mm .

IIG Vietnam 34
 Tm hiu v cc bn cp nht (Updates)
Cc bn v li Tp tin ca m lp trnh c chn vo trong mt
(patches) chng trnh hin ti gii quyt mt vn
bit. Cc bn v li l cc gii php tm thi n khi
cc vn c th c sa cha trit .
Cc bn cp gii quyt cc vn bo mt v ci thin hiu sut.
nht (updates) Cc bn cp nht c pht hnh khi cn thit

Cc gi dch v mt gi dch v l mt tp hp ca nhiu bn cp

(service nht pht hnh in hnh sau khi c cc bn
cp nht c tch ly m bo cho vic pht
packs) hnh
Windows Cc bn cp nht bo mt hoc thit yu nhm
Updates chng li cc vn v l hng bo mt, cc vi-rt
my tnh v cc phn mm gin ip. Cc bn cp
nht khc sa li khng lin quan n bo mt hoc
m rng, ci thin mt tnh nng no .
IIG Vietnam 35
 Tm hiu v cc bn cp nht (Updates)

T ng cp nht (Automatic Updating)

C th c thit lp t ng kim tra v ci t cc bn cp nht mi
nht
C th thit lp Windows Update kim tra v ti v cc bn cp nht
v thng bo cho bn rng cc bn cp nht sn sng ci t
Cc loi bn cp nht (Update Categories)
Quan trng (Important) - cc bn cp nht ny bao gm cc bn cp
nht bo mt hoc thit yu
Khuyn ngh (Recommended) - cc bn cp nht ny bao gm cc bn
cp nht phn mm v cc tnh nng mi hoc ci tin.
Ty chn (Optional) - cc bn cp nht ny bao gm phn mm bn c
th ci t bng tay

IIG Vietnam 36
 Tm tt bi hc

Cch mt h iu hnh lm vic

Cch khi ng v thot khi Windows
Windows Desktop l g
Phn mm ng dng khc vi h iu hnh nh th no
Cch s dng nt Start
Cch iu hng trong desktop
Cch s dng thanh tc v (taskbar)
Hiu c mi quan h gia phn cng v phn mm
Hiu c cc bn cp nht phn mm

IIG Vietnam 37
 Cu hoi n tp

1. Bn s s dng mt h iu hnh cho nhng nhim v no sau y?

a. To mt danh sch lin lc.
b. Xa cc tp tin trong mt th mc.
c. Tnh ton gi tr thu c t mt khon u t.
d. Hiu chnh cc tp tin m thanh v video.
2. Lm th no bn c th v tr con tr trn mn hnh nn Windows?
a. Nt Start
b. Nhn Spacebar xem n
c. Mi tn mu trng
d. Nt cui cng trn thanh tc v Windows

IIG Vietnam 38
 Cu hoi n tp

3. Lm th no hin th mt shortcut menu cho mt mc trn mn hnh nn

Windows?
a. Nhp chut tri
b. Nhp chut phi
c. Nhp p vo mt trong hai nt chut
d. Chm vo bnh xe cun (scroll wheel).
4. xem cc chng trnh c ci t trn h thng ca bn, vi ty chn
t nt Start bn s s dng?
a. Documents
b. All Programs
c. Search
d. Danh sch cc mc trong Quick Start

IIG Vietnam 39
 Cu hoi n tp

5. Khoanh trn trong hnh di y vo nt m bn s s dng trong vng

thng bo hin th mn hnh nn ngay lp tc:

6. Cch tt nht tt my tnh l g?

a. Nhn cng tc ngun trn thng my.
b. Chn Shut down t nt Start v cho n hon tt qu trnh.
c. Nhn t hp phm CTRL+ALT+DELETE hai ln
d. Nhn ESC.

IIG Vietnam 40
 Cu hoi n tp

7. Gi dch v (service pack) l g?

a. Mt tp hp cc bn cp nht phn mm.
b. Mt hnh thc ca phn mm gin ip.
c. Mt ch tt my c thit k tit kim pin
d. Mt h iu hnh nhng.

IIG Vietnam 41