Dr Raj

Medical ethics and Professionalism

Basics of History Taking

Recording the vital parameters

Musculoskeletal Examination
 Clinical reasoning

Evidence Analysis
Block 1

Spotters 10

Practical Exam 20

Theory 20
Block 2

Spotters 10

Practical Exam 20

Theory 20
Final

Theory 40
 Medical ethics is a system of moral
principles that apply values and judgments to
the practice of medicine.
: the skill, good judgment, and polite behavior
that is expected from a person who is trained
to do a job well
 Hipprocratic Oath

Relevance to modern practice

Declaration of Geneva 1948 by WMA

Modified version of oath Dr Louis Lasagna 1964,

Tufts University
 Patientsare entitled to good standards of
practice and care from their doctors. Essential
elements of this are professional competence,
good relationships with patients and colleagues
and observance of professional ethical
obligations.

From Good Medical Practice, GMC.

World Health Organisation:

Formalized in 1948, the Universal Declaration

of Human Rights recognizes the inherent
dignity and the equal and unalienable
rights of all members of the human family.
And it is on the basis of this concept of the
person, and the fundamental dignity and
equality of all human beings, that the
notion of patient rights was developed.
 Inother words, what is owed to the
patient as a human being, by physicians
and by the state, took shape in large part
thanks to this understanding of the basic
rights of the person.
1. Beneficence
2. Non- Maleficence
3. Autonomy
4. Truth telling
5. Confidentiality
6. Preservation of Life
7. Justice
 Principles of medical ethics by AMA

I.A physician shall be dedicated to providing

competent medical care, with compassion
and respect for human dignity and rights.
 II.A physician shall uphold the standards of
professionalism, be honest in all professional
interactions, and strive to report physicians
deficient in character or competence, or
engaging in fraud or deception, to
appropriate entities.
 III.
A physician shall respect the law and also
recognize a responsibility to seek changes in
those requirements which are contrary to the
best interests of the patient.
 IV.A physician shall respect the rights of
patients, colleagues, and other health
professionals, and shall safeguard patient
confidences and privacy within the
constraints of the law.
 V.A physician shall continue to study, apply,
and advance scientific knowledge, maintain a
commitment to medical education, make
relevant information available to patients,
colleagues, and the public, obtain
consultation, and use the talents of other
health professionals when indicated.
 VI.A physician shall, in the provision of
appropriate patient care, except in
emergencies, be free to choose whom to
serve, with whom to associate, and the
environment in which to provide medical
care
 VII.A physician shall recognize a
responsibility to participate in activities
contributing to the improvement of the
community and the betterment of public
health.
 VIII.
A physician shall, while caring for a
patient, regard responsibility to the patient
as paramount.
 IX.
A physician shall support access to
medical care for all people.
 Rights people have a right and health care

Balance care of the individual patient is

central, but the health of populations is also
our concern.

Comprehensiveness In addition to treating

illness, we have an obligation to ease
suffering , minimize disability, prevent
disease and promote health
 Cooperation Health care succeeds only if we
cooperate with those we serve, each other, and
those in other sectors.

Improvement Improving health care is aserious

and continuing resposibilty

Safety Do no harm
 Openness Being open, honest and
trustworthy is vital in health care