PRESENTAION ON THE TOPIC

TWO SUCCESSFUL ENTREPRENEURS OF

INDIA

PRESENTED BY-
ANANYA DATTA
DHARMENDRA DAS
FARHAN ABDIN RAHMAN
PRABAL SARMA
RINKI DAS
SIKHARANI KALITA
 INTRODUCTION

Entrepreneurship is the process of starting a business, typically a startup

company offering an innovative product, process or service.

In the 20th century, entrepreneurship was studied by Joseph

Schumpeter in the 1930s and other Austrian economists such as Carl
Menger, Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich von Hayek. The term
"entrepreneurship" was coined around the 1920s

According to Schumpeter, an entrepreneur is willing and able to

convert a new idea or invention into a successful innovation.
Entrepreneurship employs what Schumpeter called "the gale of creative
destruction" to replace in whole or in part inferior offerings across markets
and industries, simultaneously creating new products and new business
models. Thus, creative destruction is largely responsible for long-
term economic growth.
DHIRUBHAI AMBANI VERGHESE KURIEN
 Dhirajlal Hirachand
Ambani(Dhirubhai Ambani)

1932-2002 (Aged 69)

Founder of Reliance Industries

Founder of Reliance Power

Founder of Reliance Capital

Spouse(s)

Kokilaben Ambani

Children

Mukesh Ambani
Anil Ambani
Nina Kothari
Deepti Salgaonkar
CHILDHOOD AND EARLY LIFE

Dihrubhai Ambani was born in a Modh baniya family to Hirachand

Govardhandas Ambani and Jamanaben in the village of Chorwad in the
district of Junagarh. His father was employed as a school teacher while
his mother was a homemaker.

While at school at Junagarh, he was elected as the General Secretary

of the Junagarh State Union. He organized a rally on Indian
Independence Day, defying the rules of the Nawab, head of the state.
Next, he became a part of the Praja Mandal Movement that organized rallies
to bring about constitutional reforms in the state.

In 1949, a new Socialist party emerged from the Congress of which he found
himself a part of.

Leaving aside his political pursuits, he concentrated on academics and gave

his matriculation exams. However, due to the ill health of his father and
impoverished living condition of the family, he had to give up on his
education and take up a job offered in Aden.
 CAREER

At Aden, he took up a clerical job at A. Besse & Co, the largest

transcontinental trading firm east of Suez.

Meanwhile, Yemeni movement for independence curtailed opportunities for

Indians living in Aden. Thus, he moved back to India in 1958 and started
exploring business opportunities in Bombay.

Dhirubhai Ambani returned from Yemen to India and started "Majin" in

partnership with Champaklal Damani, his second cousin, who lived with him
in Aden, Yemen.

Majin was to import polyester yarn and export spices to Yemen. The first
office of the Reliance Commercial Corporation was set up at the Narsinatha
Street in Masjid Bunder. It was a 350 sq ft room with a telephone, one table
and three chairs.

Initially, they had two assistants to help them with their business. During
this period, Ambani and his family stayed in a two-bedroom apartment at
the Jai Hind Estate in Bhuleshwar, Mumbai.

In 1965, Champaklal Damani and Dhirubhai Ambani ended their

partnership and Ambani started on his own. Ambani was a known risk-taker
and believed in building inventories, anticipating a price rise to make lots of
profit.

Not the one to be contented easily, he soon shifted focus to yarn trading,
which though had high levels of risks involved, promised richer dividends
as well. Starting on a small scale, he soon made big deals in yarn to the
point of being elected a director of the Bombay Yarn Merchants
Association.

His foresightedness and ability to judge helped him crack two most hefty
deals in the yarn market that earned him the flush of capital required for the
future Reliance Textiles. Playing on his idea of establishing a manufacturing
unit, he soon realized the same by setting up a textile mill in Naroda,
Ahmedabad in 1966.
Every weekend, he flew from Bombay to Ahmedabad to check on the
progress of the establishment of the factory and troubleshoot any problems
faced by the workers. His main aim was to produce the best quality nylon in
the quickest way possible and in largest quantities.

He tripled the workforce to fasten the building of the factory. However, a

drop in the valuation of the rupees globally steepened the project costs.
Nevertheless, not the one to get scared to taking risks, he continued with
the project.

By August 1966, the construction work had finished and the equipment
and machineries were being installed to meet the September 1 deadline of
starting off with the productions. Meanwhile, he accumulated a workforce of
35 men from Calcutta, Indore and Bombay to work in the factory. Production
started as planned on September 1, 1966 but took a couple of months to
stabilize.

By January 1967, his dreams started to realize as the Naroda factory began
producing the finest quality of Nylon; but the new company had no buyers in
the market as the wholesalers refused to buy fabric from Reliance at the
instance of established big mill owners.
Not the one to accept defeat, he soon stepped out on the road and started
selling his stock directly to retailers. His daring attitude and gutsy behaviour
impressed all and soon the market for Vimal, the name of his fabric, grew
and started expanding. In no time, it became the finest, best-selling fashion
fabric of its times.

Increased demand led to increased sales and greater profits. With the
excess money, he started expanding his mill by adding new machineries and
better facilities for workers. Soon the Reliance family grew large and
prosperous with influx of a whole new gamut of fresh and experienced
workers.

By 1972, Reliance became huge and thriving, a stark contrast to its starting
days. Three years later, it received a nod of excellence from the World Bank,
a fact that speeded the upgradation and expansion of all plant operations.

In 1981, his elder son Mukesh joined the business and he initiated
Reliance's backward integration journey from textiles into polyester fibres
and further into petrochemicals, petroleum refining and going up-stream into
oil and gas exploration and production.
In 1983, his younger son, Anil Ambani joined the business and took over
as the chief executive officer at Naroda.

Between 1984 and 1996, the mill experienced a grand makeover as

computerized and high-tech machines replaced the old traditional ones
making Reliance the grandest composite mill in the country.

Over the period of time, the Reliance industries diversified into other
sector, such as, telecommunications, information technology, energy,
power, retail, textiles, infrastructure services, capital markets, and
logistics.
 IN POPULAR MEDIA

In an unauthorized biography of Dhirubhai Ambani, published in 1998

by Hamish McDonald with the title The Polyester Prince, all his political and
business conquests are outlined. HarperCollins didn't sell the book in India,
because the Ambanis threatened legal action.

In 2010, an updated version went on sale in India, called Ambani and Sons;
there has been no legal action against the publisher so far.

A Hindi film said to be loosely inspired by the life of Dhirubhai Ambani was
released on 12 January 2007. Guru, directed by film maker Mani Ratnam,
cinematography by Rajiv Menon and music by A.R.Rahman shows the
struggle of a man striving to make his mark in the Indian business world
with a fictional Shakti Group of Industries. Guru stars Abhishek Bachchan.
Bachchan plays Gurukant Desai, a character implicitly based on Dhirubhai
Ambani. The character is popularly known as "Gurubhai", similar to the real-
life "Dhirubhai".
 Awards and Recognitions
October 2011-Awarded posthumously the ABLF Global Asian Award at the Asian
Business Leadership Forum Awards.

November 2000Conferred Man of the Century award by Chemtech Foundation

and Chemical Engineering World in recognition of his outstanding contribution to
the growth and development of the chemical industry in India.

2000, 1998 and 1996 Featured among Power 50-the most powerful people
in Asia by Asia week magazine.

June 1998 "Dean's Medal" by The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania,

for setting an outstanding example of leadership. Dhirubhai Ambani has the rare
distinction of being the first Indian to get Wharton School Dean's Medal.

August 2001 Economic Times Awards for Corporate Excellence for Lifetime
Achievement.

Dhirubhai Ambani was named the "Man of 20th Century" by the Federation of
Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI).

A poll conducted by The Times of India in 2000 voted him "Greatest Creator of
Wealth in the Centuries".
RELIANCE AFTER DHIRUBHAI AMBANI

Following a Stroke in 1986, Ambani handed over control of Reliance to

his sons Mukesh and Anil. Ambani died after a Major Stroke on 6 July
2002 in Breach Candy Hospital.

In November 2004, Mukesh Ambani in an interview, admitted

to having differences with his brother Anil over 'ownership issues.' He
also said that the differences "are in the private domain.

After the death of Dhirubhai Ambani, the group was split

into Reliance Industries Limited, headed by Mukesh Ambani,
and Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group (Reliance ADA Group),
headed by Anil Ambani.
How was Dihrubhai Ambani able to build
his enormous empire without any
entrepreneurship background at all?
QUOTES
 Dr. Verghese Kurien

1921-2012 (Aged 90)

Other names
"Milkman of India

Founder of Amul Ex-

Chairman GCMMF, NDDB,Inst
itute of Rural Management
Anand

Known for
Widely acclaimed as the
"Father of the White
revolution" in India
 EARLY LIFE AND EDUCATION

Kurien was born on 26 November 1921 at Calicut (now Kozhikode,

Kerala) into a Syrian Christian family. His father was a civil surgeon
in Cochin, Kerala.

He graduated in Physics from Loyola College, Madras in 1940

and then obtained his Bachelors in mechanical engineering from
the College of Engineering, Guindy affiliated toUniversity of Madras.
After completing his degree, he joined the Tata Steel Technical Institute,
Jamshedpur from where he graduated in 1946.

Subsequently, he went to the United States on a Government of

India scholarship to earn a Master of Science in Metallurgical
Engineering (Distinction) from Michigan State University in 1948.
 CAREER

Kurien arrived back from the United States to India after his master's
degree, and was quickly deputed to the Government of India's experimental
creamery, at Anand in Gujarat's Kheda district by the government and
rather half-heartedly served out his bond period against the scholarship
given by them.

He arrived at Anand on Friday 13 May 1949 and started the work assigned
to him the very same day. He had already made up his mind to quit mid-way,
but was persuaded to stay back at Anand by Tribhuvandas Patel (who
would later share the Magsaysay with him) who had brought together
Kheda's farmers as a cooperative union to process and sell their milk, a
pioneering concept at the time.

He would brook no meddling from the political class or bureaucrats sitting

in the capital cities, letting it be known upfront, though he, and his mentor
and colleague,Tribhuvandas Patel were backed by the few enlightened
political leaders and bureaucrats of the early Independence days who saw
merit in their pioneering cooperative model.
Tribhuvandas Patel's sincere and earnest efforts inspired Kurien to dedicate
himself to the challenging task before them, so much so, that when Prime
Minister Jawaharlal Nehru was to visit Anand later to inaugurate Amul's plant,
he embraced Kurien for his groundbreaking work.

Meanwhile, Kurien's buddy and dairy expert H. M. Dalaya, invented the

process of making skim milk powder and condensed milk from buffalo
milk instead of from cow milk. This was the reason Amul would compete
successfully and well against Nestle which only used cow milk to make them.

In India, buffalo milk is the main raw material unlike Europe where cow milk
is abundant. The Amul pattern of cooperatives became so successful, that in
1965 Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri, created the National Dairy
Development Board (NDDB) to replicate the program nationwide citing
Kurien's "extraordinary and dynamic leadership" upon naming him chairman.

As the 'Amul dairy experiment' was replicated in Gujarat's districts in the

neighbourhood of Anand, Kurien set all of them up under GCMMF in 1973 to
sell the combined produce of the dairies under a single Amul brand. Today
GCMMF sells Amul products not only in India but also overseas. He quit the
post of GCMMF chairman in 2006 following disagreement with the GCMMF
management.
When the National Dairy Development Board expanded the scope
of Operation Flood to cover the entire country in its Phase 2 program in
1979: Kurien founded the Institute of Rural Management Anand (IRMA).

Kurien, played a key role in many other organisations, like chairing the
Viksit Bharat Foundation, a body set up by the President of India.

Kurien was mentioned by the Ashoka Foundation as one of the eminent

present Day Social Entrepreneurs. Kurien's life story is chronicled in his
memoir I Too Had a Dream. Interestingly Kurien, the person who
revolutionised the availability of milk in India did not drink milk
himself. Nevertheless, the work of Kurien & his team in India took India
from a milk importer to a milk & milk-products exporting nation within the
span of two decades.
PERSONAL LIFE, FAMILY AND BELIEFS

Verghese married Molly and

they had one daughter Nirmala
Kurien and a grandson,
Siddharth. He was an atheist.
Verghese Kurien died on 9
September 2012 after a brief
spell of illness in Nadiad, near
Anand in Gujarat, India. He was
90. His wife Molly died on 14
December 2012 in Mumbai after
a brief illness.
FILM & ITS USE IN ENLARGING THE MOVEMENT

Veteran film-maker Shyam Benegal, then an advertising executive with

Lintas Advertising, produced Manthan (the churning of the 'milk ocean'), a
story set in the cooperative milk movement in India. Not able to finance it,
Benegal was helped by Kurien who hit upon an idea of getting each of his
half a million member farmers to contribute a token two rupees for the
making of the movie. Upon its release, truckloads of farmers came to see
"their" film, making it a success at the box office. Manthan hit a chord with
the audience immediately when it was shown in Gujarat in 1976, which
impressed distributors to release it before audiences, nationwide. It was
critically acclaimed and went on to win national awards the following year
and was later shown on television to the public.

The movie's success gave Kurien another idea. Like shown in the
film, a vet, a milk technician and a fodder specialist who could explain the
value of cross-breeding of milch cattle would tour other parts of the country
along with the film's prints, to woo farmers there to create cooperatives of
their own.

UNDP would use the movie to start similar cooperatives in Latin America.
PRESTIGIOUS AWARDS AND DISTINGUISED HONOURS

Year Name of Award or Honor Awarding Organization

1999 Padma Vibhushan Government of India

International Person of the Year
1993 World Dairy Expo
Award
1991 Distinguished Alumni Award Michigan State University.
1989 World Food Prize World Food Prize, USA.
Carnegie Foundation, The
1986 Wateler Peace Prize Award
Netherlands.
1986 Krushi Ratna Award Government of India.
1966 Padma Bhushan Government of India.
1965 Padma Shri Government of India.
Ramon Magsaysay Award
1963 Ramon Magsaysay Award
Foundation.
QUOTES
26 NOVEMBER
CONCLUSION
THANKYOU