CHNG 9:

LM VIC VI TP TIN -
FILE

1 12/7/2017
 I. Gii thiu

File l cch cho php lu tr d liu tn

ti mi
Mt in hoc chy li chng trnh d
liu vn cn
Phn loi file:
File vn bn
File nh phn

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 File vn bn

ltp tin dng ghi cc k t ln a theo

cc dng
m file ra xem ni dung trc tip c

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 File nh phn

l tp tin dng ghi cc cu trc di

dng nh phn c m ha
m file ra khng xem c ni dung trc
tip

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 Quy trnh x l File

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Hnh minh ha x l nhp/xut

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 1. Khai bo con tr tp tin

C php:
FILE *tn-bin;

V d:
FILE *f;

Lu : Th vin x l tp l stdio.h

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 2. M tp tin

C php:
con_tr = fopen( ng dn tp tin, <kiu truy cp>);

Trong :
ng dn tp tin: l ng dn n tp tin cn m
tp tin phi tn ti trong my
kiu truy cp: nhm xc nh tp c m s c d
liu (read - r) hoc ghi d liu (write -w) v d liu l
text (text - t) hay nh phn (birnary - b).

VD:

f = fopen(C:\VD1.txt, rt);

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V d

f = fopen(C:\VD1.txt, rt);

r (read): m c
t (text): m file dng text

f = fopen(C:\VD1.txt, wb);

w (write): m ghi
b (birnary): m file dng
Sau khi m tp: nh phn
-M thnh cng con tr tp c gi
tr khc NULL
-M khng thnh cng con tr tp
c gi tr l NULL

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VD: m tp v kim tra s thnh cng sau khi m

FILE *fp;
fp = fopen (SINHVIEN.TXT, rt);
if ( fp == NULL )
{
printf(Khong mo duoc tap tin.);
}
else
{
printf(Da mo duoc tap tin.);
}

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 3. Hm x l vi tp tin vn bn

a. c d liu t tp
fscanf(con tr tp, nh dng, tham bin)
c d liu t tp tin theo nh dng xc nh v lu vo
bin
fscanf( f, %d, &x)
fgets(vng nh, kch thc, FILE *f)
c mt chui k t t mt tp tin vi kch thc ti a
cho php, hoc gp k t xung dng
fgets( s, 80, f)
fgetc( FILE *f)
c tng k t t tp tin ang m
c = fgetc(f );

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V d:

Cho file d liu gm 3 dng:

Dao Thi Lan
21
7.5
N
Mun c ni dung trn s dng cc lnh:
fgets(ht, 80, f); // c chui Dao Thi Lan
fscanf(f, %d, &tuoi); // c s 21
fscanf(f, %f, &dtb); //c s 7.5
fgetc(f) ; // c k t xung dng sau s khi c s v chui
fgets(gt, 80, f) // c chui N

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 b. Ghi d liu vo tp

fprintf( con tr tp, nh dng, bin)

ghi d liu t tham bin theo mt nh dng
tp tin
fprintf (f, %d, x)

fputs( chui k t, con tr tp)

ghi mt chui k t vo tp tin ang m
fputs(Giao trinh bai tap, f);

fputc( k t, con tr tp)

Ghimt k t vo tp tin
Fputc(A, f);
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 4. Hm x l vi tp tin nh phn

a. c d liu t File
fread(void *ptr, int size, int n, FILE *f)
ptr: vng nh lu d liu c.
size: kch thc mi nh (tnh bng byte).
n: di d liu cn c, s mu tin c c
f: c t tp tin nh phn no.

V du:
int a[30], b, n;
fread(a, sizeof(int), n , f);
fread(&b, sizeof(int), 1 , f);

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 b) Ghi d liu vo tp

fwrite(void*ptr, int size, int n, FILE *f)

Kt qu ca hm bng s mu tin c ghi
tht s.
ptr: con tr ch ti vng nh cha d liu cn ghi;
size: Kch thc ca mt mu tin (tnh theo byte);
n: S mu tin cn ghi.
f: tp tin ghi

V d:
inta[20];
fwrite(a, sizeof(int), n , f);

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5. Mt s hm x l khc

fclose(FILE *f): ng tp f
fseek( FILE *f, < di>, <mc>)
Di chuyn con tr tp tin
Cc mc gm:
SEEK_SET: di t u tp tin
SEEK_END: di t cui tp tin
SEEK_CUR: di t v tr hin hnh
di :
>0 ri v sau
<0 ri v trc
=0 t v tr mc
V d:
fseek( f, +5, SEEK_CUR)
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 Bi tp p dng 1 (file nh phn)

Vit chng trnh thc hin cc yu cu (mi

yu cu xy dng di dng mt hm):
o Nhp DSSV t bn phm, vi mi sinh vin
gm: m sinh vin, h tn, im trung bnh, hc
bng
o In DSSV c ra mn hnh
o Ghi li danh sch sinh vin vo tp c tn l
SV1.DAT
o c li DSSV t tp vo mng

p dng ln lt cc yu cu trn
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 Cc bc gii quyt bi ton

Khai bo cu trc SINH VIN gm cc thng tin theo yu

cu
Vit hm nhp DS gm n sinh vin
void nhapDSSV(SV ds[], int &n)
Vit hm in DS SV ln mn hnh

void inDSSV(SV ds[], int n)

Vit hm ghi d liu t mng vo file

void ghiFile(FILE *f, SV ds[], int n)

Vit hm c t tp vo mng
void docFile(FILE *f, SV ds[], int &n)
Vit hm main() gi thc thi cc hm va vit.

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V d
void nhapDSSV(SV ds[ ],int &n)
#include <conio.h> {
int i;
#include <stdio.h>
SV x;
struct SV printf("\n Nhap so sinh vien:");
{ scanf("%d", &n);
for(i=0; i<n; i++)
int msv;
{
char hoten[20]; printf("\nNhap thong tin sinh vien thu %d:",i);
float dtb; printf("\nMSV:"); scanf("%d",&x.msv);
printf("Ho ten:");
float hb; fflush(stdin); gets(x.hoten);
}; printf("DTB:");
scanf("%f",&x.dtb);
printf("Hoc bong:");
scanf("%f", &x.hb);
ds[i] = x;
}
}
 V d (tip)

void inDSSV(SV ds[ ], int n)

{
int i;
for(i=0; i<n; i++)
{
printf("\n%5d",ds[i].msv);
printf(%20s, ds[i].hoten);
printf(%6.2f%, ds[i].dtb);
printf(%6.2f%, ds[i].hb);
}
}

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V d (tip)

void ghiFile(FILE *f, SV ds[], int n)

{
int i;
SV x;
f=fopen("SV1.TXT","wb");
fwrite(&n,sizeof(int),1,f);
for(i=0; i<n; i++)
fwrite(&ds[i], sizeof(ds[i]), 1,f);

fclose(f);
}
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V d (tip)

void docFile(FILE *f, SV ds[], int &n)

{
int i;
SV x;
f=fopen("SV1.TXT","rb");
fread(&n, sizeof(int),1,f);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
fread(&x, sizeof(x),1,f);
ds[i] = x;
}
fclose(f);
}

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V d (tip)

int main()
{
int n;
SV ds[10];
FILE *f;
nhapDSSV(ds,n);
printf("\n DS SV da nhap \n");
inDSSV(ds,n);
ghiFile(f,ds,n);
docFile(f,ds,n);
printf("\n DS SV doc tu file \n");
inDSSV(ds,n);
getch();
}
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 Bi tp p dng 1 (file vn bn)

Vit chng trnh thc hin cc yu cu (mi

yu cu xy dng di dng mt hm):
o Nhp DSHH t bn phm, vi mi hng ha
gm: m hng ha, tn hng ha, s lng,
n gi
o In DSHH c ra mn hnh
o Ghi li danh sch hng ha vo tp c tn l
HH.txt
o c li DSHH t tp vo mng

p dng ln lt cc yu cu trn
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 Cc bc gii quyt bi ton

Khai bo cu trc HNG HA gm cc thng tin theo yu

cu
Vit hm nhp DS gm n hng ha
void nhapDSHH( HH ds[ ], int &n)
Vit hm in DS HH ln mn hnh

void inDSHH( HH ds[ ], int n)

Vit hm ghi d liu t mng vo file

void luuFile(FILE *f, HH ds[ ], int n)

Vit hm c t tp vo mng
void docFile(FILE *f, HH ds[ ], int &n)
Vit hm main() gi thc thi cc hm va vit.

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 #include
struct HH
{
int mhh;
char tenH[20];
float SL;
float DG;
};

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 void nhapDSHH ( HH ds[], int &n )
{
int i;
HH x;
printf("\n Nhap so Hang hoa:");
scanf("%d", &n);
for( i=0; i<n; i++)
{
printf("\nNhap thong tin hang hoa thu %d:",i);
printf("\nMa HH:"); scanf("%d",&x.mhh);
printf("Ten hang:");
fflush(stdin); gets(x.tenH);
printf("SL:");
scanf("%f",&x.SL);
printf("Don Gia:");
scanf("%f", &x.DG);
ds[i] = x;
}
}

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 //in danh sach sinh vien tu mang ra man hinh
void inDSHH ( HH ds[], int n)
{
int i;
for( i = 0; i<n; i++)
printf("\n%5d%20s%6.2f%10.2f", ds[i].mhh, ds[i].tenH, ds[i].SL, ds[i].DG);
}

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 //Lu d liu vo file
void luuFile (FILE *f, HH ds[], int &n )
{
int i;
f = fopen("dshanghoa.txt","wt");
fprintf( f, "%d", n);
for( i=0; i<n; i++)
fprintf(f,"\n%5d%20s%6.2f%10.2f",ds[i].mhh,ds[i].tenH,ds[i].SL,ds[i].DG);
fclose(f);
}

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 void docFile ( FILE *f, HH ds[], int &n)
{
int i;
HH x;
f = fopen("dshanghoa.txt","rt");
fscanf( f, "%d", &n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
fscanf(f, "%d", &x.mhh);
fgets(x.tenH, 20+1, f);
//fgetc(f); fgets(x.tenH, 20, f);
fscanf(f, "%f%f", &x.SL, &x.DG);
ds[i] = x;
}
fclose(f);
}
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 int main( )
{
int i,x,n;
HH ds[10];
FILE *f;
nhapDSHH(ds,n);
printf("\n DS HH da nhap \n");
inDSHH(ds,n);
luuFile(f,ds,n);
docFile(f,ds,n);
printf("\n DS doc tu file \n");
inDSHH(ds,n);
getch();
}

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