CHNG IV:

CU TRC iU KHIN C BN

1 10/4/2016
 I. Gii thiu:

Chng trnh C l tp hp lin tip cc cu

lnh n => c thi hnh tun t
Cu lnh c hai loi:
Cu lnh n
Cu lnh ghp (phc): gm nhiu cu lnh lin
tip nhau c t trong cp du { }

2 10/4/2016 Ths. Trnh Th Xun

 thay i th t trnh t thc hin cc
cu lnh => S dng cu trc iu khin
Cc loi cu trc iu khin:
R nhnh:
If
switch

Lp:
for
while

3 10/4/2016 Ths. Trnh Th Xun

 *Cu trc r nhnh If

l lnh c php r nhnh da vo trng hp ng hoc

sai ca biu thc iu kin
C php:
if ( condition )
khi-lnh-1;
else
khi-lnh-2 ;

V d:
if (n%2 ==0)
printf(n la so chan);
else
printf(n la so le);
4 10/4/2016 Ths. Trnh Th Xun
 V d:
Chng trnh nhp vo hai s a v b, tm min
ca hai s ri in kt qu ln mn hnh.
Yu cu: v s khi

5 10/4/2016 Ths. Trnh Th Xun

 Ch :
Mi khi lnh c th c mt hoc nhiu lnh,
nu c nhiu lnh phi t trong cp du { v }
Sau mi cu lnh phi c du chm phy
iu kin la chn l biu thc logic, phi nhn
hoc ng hoc sai, nhiu iu kin kth p &&
hoc ||
C th lng nhiu lnh if

6 10/4/2016 Ths. Trnh Th Xun

 *Lnh r nhnh switch

l lnh cho php r nhnh vi nhiu nhnh khc nhau ph thuc vo

cc gi tr ca biu thc chn
C php:
switch ( biu_thc_chn )
{
case n1: khi lnh 1 [break];
case n2: khi lnh 2 [break];
.......
case nk: khi lnh k [break];
[ default: khi lnh k+1]
}

7 10/4/2016 Ths. Trnh Th Xun

 Trong :
biu thc chn: l biu thc dng m c , c th l s nguyn hoc k
t, dng so snh la chn
n1, n2,, nk: l cc gi tr c th nhn c ca biu thc chn
khi lnh 1, khi lnh 2,, khi lnh k: l cc khi lnh c thc hin
tng ng khi biu thc nhn cc gi tr trn
t kha break sau mi hnh ng kt thc lnh sau mi trng hp xy
ra, c th c hoc khng c t kha ny
default:
Hot ng:
Tnh gi tr ca biu thc chn
so snh gi tr vi cc gi tr n1, n2, , nk
nu nhn gi tr no th my thc hin khi lnh tng ng
nu khng nhn gi tr no m c default th thc hin khi lnh sau
default
8 10/4/2016 Ths. Trnh Th Xun
 V d:
nhp vo mt thng trong nm
cho bit thng thuc ma no
Yu cu: v s khi

9 10/4/2016 Ths. Trnh Th Xun

 Ch :
nu sau mi trng hp khng c lnh break
kt thc th my s thc hin tt c cc
trng hp tip theo m khng cn kim tra
iu kin gia biu thc chn v gi tr tng
ng ca case

10 10/4/2016 Ths. Trnh Th Xun

 *Cu trc lp for

l cu trc lp vi s bc lp xc nh
c php:
for ( biu thc 1; biu thc 2; biu thc 3)
<Cu lnh ;>
Trong :
biu thc 1
biu thc 2
biu thc 3
cu lnh

11 10/4/2016 Ths. Trnh Th Xun

 Hnh ng:
my thc hin biu thc 1 duy nht ln u
thc hin kim tra biu thc 2, nu kt qu l
ng th my thc hin <cu lnh>
thc hin thc hin biu thc 3 v quay li
kim tra biu thc 2 cho n khi kt qu biu
thc 2 l sai

12 10/4/2016 Ths. Trnh Th Xun

 V d:
nhp vo s nguyn n t bn phm
tnh tng cc s nguyn nh hn hoc bng n
Yu cu: v s khi

13 10/4/2016 Ths. Trnh Th Xun

 * Ch :

trong <cu lnh> c th c mt lnh hoc

nhiu lnh, nu nhiu lnh phi t trong
cp du { v }
c th khng c biu thc 1, biu thc 2,
biu thc 3 nhng bt buc phi c du
chm phy
nu biu thc 2 khng c th iu kin
c xem l lun lun ng

14 10/4/2016 Ths. Trnh Th Xun

 *Vng lp whiledo

l vng lp vi s bc lp khng xc nh trc

c php:
while (iu kin lp)
<cu lnh>;
trong :
iu kin lp
cu lnh

15 10/4/2016 Ths. Trnh Th Xun

 hnh ng:
Tnh gi tr iu kin lp
nu iu kin ng thi thc hin phn cu lnh
nu iu kin sai th thot khi v kt thc vng
lp

16 10/4/2016 Ths. Trnh Th Xun

 V d:
nhp vo hai s nguyn t bn phm
tm c chung ln nht ca hai s

17 10/4/2016 Ths. Trnh Th Xun

 V d:
Tun gi s tin l n USD v ngn hng. Tun
mun s tin ca mnh s bng hoc ln hn
1000USD. Gip Tun vit chng trnh tnh s
thng cn gi vo ngn hng tng tin vn
ln tin li s ln hn 1000USD.
Bit:
Lisut 0.7%/ thng
S tin vn n c nhp t bn phm

18 10/4/2016 Ths. Trnh Th Xun

 #include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main()
{
float n,lai;
int thang = 0;
printf("Nhap vao so tien von ban dau cua Tuan: ");
scanf("%f", &n);
while( n<1000 )
{
lai = (0.7 * n)/100; //Tien lai cua tung thang
n = n + lai; //Tong so tien thu duoc
thang = thang +1;
}
printf("So thang Tuan co duoc so tien 1000 USD la: %d thang",thang);
getch();
}

19 10/4/2016 Ths. Trnh Th Xun

 VI. Cu trc lp Do While

Vng lp thc hin lp li cho n khi biu thc sai

C php:
do
<cu lnh;>
while (biu thc);

20 10/4/2016 Ths. Trnh Th Xun

 Nguyn tc thc hin:
Thc hin cu lnh
Kim tra biu thc iu kin
Nu iu kin ng thc hin lp li khi lnh
Nu iu kin sai th thot khi vng lp

21 10/4/2016 Ths. Trnh Th Xun

 V d p dng: Vit chng trnh:
a. Hin cu hi ra mn hnh: u l th ca Vit
Nam?
b. V cu tr li:
1. Hue
2. Hanoi
3. Ho Chi Minh
4. Da Nang
Chng cho php ngi dng la chn cc cu tr li
t 1 n 4. Nu ngi dng chn cu tr li ng, mn
hnh s xut hin thng bo Xin chuc mung! v
ngc li, nu sai chng trnh tip tc cho php
22 ngi 10/4/2016
dng chn li cu tr li. Ths. Trnh Th Xun
 #include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main()
{
int traloi;
do
{
printf("\nThanh pho nao la thu do Viet Nam? ");
printf("\n1. Hue");
printf("\n2. Ho Chi Minh");
printf("\n3. Ha Noi");
printf("\n4. Da Nang ");
printf("\nCau tra loi (Chon tu 1 den 4): ");
scanf("%d",&traloi);
} while (traloi != 3);
printf("Xin chuc mung!");
getch();
}

23 10/4/2016 Ths. Trnh Th Xun