PAPER PRESENTATION

AUTHORS :
P. SHRAVAN KUMAR
MD. SHAHNAWAZ PARVEZ AHMED
 CONTENTS
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY ?
4. HISTROY
5. EXISTENCE IN REAL WORLD
6. INDIAN SCENARIO
7. NANO DEVICES
8. APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
9. CONCLUSION
Stone Age ,Bronze Age,Iron Age ,silicon Age…...
0

What NEXT….

Nevertheless to say we are very well into the Nanotech

age,where materials are just getting smarter day by
day .Each element would be smart enough to repair &
replicate itself as and when required.All this would be
possible by manipulating matter at the nanometer
scale.
0 Introduction
For most of the 20th century, scientists have practiced what can
be called “top-down science ”.The goal has been to simplify our
understanding of matter by breaking it into its basic building
blocks ranging from atoms,nuclei,nucleons and beyond. starting
form the understanding of the basic interactions & elementary
particles attempt is made to explain structure & properties of
materials & all possible phenomena. Now we should understand
how simple atoms & molecules come together and arrange
themselves to form complex systems,such as living cells that
make life possible on earth. This “bottom-up” approach deals
with how complex systems are built from simple atomic-level
constituents which has opened up new horizons of research in
the era of Nanotechnology .
 WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY?

Nanotechnology is molecular manufacturing one

atom or molecule at a time with programmed nanoscopic
robot arms. It is a very vast field and is the merger of all
known technologies that we have today.
Nanotechnology utilizes well-understood
chemical properties of atoms & molecules to construct
devices that posses extraordinary properties .
Nanotechnology is an essential technology for designing,
fabricating and applying Nanometer-scale systems.
 Nanotechnology was conceived in 1959,when Nobel
Laureate physicist Richard P. Feynman gave a lecture
titled
“There‘s plenty of Room at the bottom”
and it outlined the theoretical concept of manipulating
atoms to build molecules. Dr Feynman explained that the
principles of physics don’t deny the possibility of
manipulating things atom by atom . Dr Feynman is
therefore credited with being the first person to advance
the possibility of molecular assembly.
► In 1986, a technologist named J.ERIC DREXLER
published “ENGINES OF CREATION” which proposed the
building of molecular machines ,atom by atom ,through the
use of ‘assemblers’.

► The assembler he proposed was a molecular robotic arm,

which is yet to be invented. such an assembler, as of now, is the
missing link between the material sciences of today and the
futuristic nanomachines.

► In 1987, Dr. DONALD CRAM was awarded the Nobel prize

for chemistry for molecular assembly techniques in ‘Host Guest
chemistry’, a key breakthrough in understanding the
properties and assembly of individualmolecules.
EXISTENCE OF NANO IN REAL - WORLD

An Israel company, has developed a pill-size video

camera that can travel through the digestive track and
transmit pictures along the way providing a less invasive
technique to examine the small intestine. This video
camera uses a miniature CMOS video imaging chip and
white LED as a light source.
IBM scientists have developed a vast assembly
of transistors using materials only a few molecules wide,
taking a major step toward much thinner and powerful
computers.
Sandwiching several non-magnetic layers less than a
nanometer thick between magnetic layers has resulted in
sensors for disk drives that boast of many times the
sensitivity of traditional devices facilitating more bits to
be packed onto the surface of each disk.
Bell labs, USA has designed a transistor with
an active switching layer that is one molecule thick. In
this transistor, a single molecule acts as the switch.
 THE INDIAN SCENARIO:

The scope of Nanotechnology is quite evident as our country

has another incubator in the form of IndiaNano.
IndiaNano is an initiative supported by the US and
INDIAN research organizations, investment firms and
corporations aimed at developing a platform for collaboration
between entrepreneurs and service providers in order to harness
the benefits of advances in materials and manufacturing ,
electronics, medicine and healthcare, environment and energy
management , chemicals, biotechnology, agriculture,
information technology, and national security that have been
enabled by the break throughs in Nanotechnology.
 NANODEVICES:

Computers have been getting smaller faster and cheaper

because of advances in silicon technology. As per the
observation of Gordon Moore the number of transistors
being packed into integrated circuits doubled every year. In
fact since 1975 the number of transistors on a semiconductor
chip has doubled every 18 months. A microprocessor today
has approximately 40 million transistors, by 2020 it could
have 5 billion. This dramatic advance in miniaturization has
possible because of revolutionary research and
developments in physics, material science and devices
associated technologies.
 NANOTUBES:

Carbon nanotubes are an exotic variation of common graphite.

The characteristics of nanotubes are as follows.
1. Emission of electrons at a relatively low voltage.
2. Minimal power requirement.
3. High current densities.
A single nanotube with a natural junction where a straight
section joined to a helical section is called single wall nanotube.
Nanotubes have a special feature that they are about six
times lighter & ten times stronger than steel.
 APPLICATIONS OF THE NANOTECHNOLOGY :
Manipulating matter on such a fine scale is the
inevitable consequence of continued advancements in the
fields of “ CHIP MANUFACTURING ”.
Improved batteries, new methods for storing &
converting energy are anticipated in the area of ENERGY
&ENVIRONMENT.
Miniaturizing of electronic circuits has served as
a stimulus for massive scientific& technological progress .
Sensors based on molecular interactions are very sensitive,
especially important for BIOLOGICAL PURPOSES,DNA
recognition is envisioned.
New materials anticipated with greater strength ,toughness
and desirable optical properties are entertained in the fields
of MAGNETIC MATERIALS & CHEMICALS.

OPTICAL COMMUNICATION is being enhanced

with new materials that offer properties based on
NANOMETER-SCALE fabrications .
Future Growth Through
NANOTECHNOLOGY
 CONCLUSION:

In the nanoworld chemical reactions can occur much more

quickly, electrons move faster, heat is conducted much
better, batteries can last longer without being charged. The
materials are much stronger.
Nanotechnology as a scientific and technological thrust
encompasses the best of many opportunities afforded to
the scientific, engineering, industrial communities.

Today’s advances offer tremendous possibilities & also

tremendous risks-and we’re just going to learn to live with
both of them.