ASTABLE

MULTIVIBRATOR
With insight of internal circuitry of 555 Timer IC

Present by:-
Nihar patel (161310109041)
2nd electrical
555 Timer Internal Circuitary
Circuit diagram for Astable Multivibrator using 555 Timer

Fig (a): Diagram of Astable Multvibrator

1 – Ground 5 – FM Input (Tie to gnd via

bypass cap)
2 – Trigger 6 – Threshold
3 – Output 7 – Discharge
4 – Reset (Set HIGH for normal operation) 8 – Voltage Supply (+5 to +15 V)
Actable Multivibrator- Description
 Connect external timing capacitor between trigger point and Ground.
 Split external timing resistor R into RA & RB, and connect their
junction to discharge terminal.
 Remove trigger input, monostable is converted to Astable
multivibrator.
 This circuit has no stable state. The circuits changes its state
alternately. Hence the operation is also called free running oscillator.
 Charging & Discharging
• Initially when the output is high capacitor C starts charging
towards Vcc through RA and RB.

• However as soon as the voltage across the capacitor equals 2/3

Vcc , comparator 1 triggers the flip-flop and the output switches to
low state.

• Now capacitor C discharges through RB and the transistor T1.

When voltage across C equals 1/3 Vcc, comparator 2’s output
triggers the flip-flop and the output goes high. Then the cycle
repeats.

• The capacitor is periodically charged and discharged between

2/3 Vcc and 1/3 Vcc respectively.
 Charging Phase Transistor T1 in cut-off
phase.
C charges through RA &
RB.

• The time during which the capacitor

charges from 1/3 Vcc to 2/3 Vcc is equal to the time the output remains
high and is given by

tc= .693(RA+RB)C

where RA and RB are in ohms and C is in Farads.

 Discharging Phase
Transistor T1 in
saturation phase.
C discharges through RB.

• Similarly the time during which the capacitor discharges from

2/3 Vcc to 1/3 Vccis equal to the
time the output is low and is given by

tc= .693(RB)C
• Thus the total time period of the output waveform is

• Therefore the fre

• The output frequency, f is independent of the supply

voltage Vcc.