Types of Foundations

foundations are generally grouped into

two categories:

A. Shallow Foundations
B. Deep Foundations
 Shallow Foundations
 the most common (and cheapest) type
of shallow foundations are
SPREAD FOOTINGS

 square spread
footings to support
individual columns
(also circular)
McCarthy, 6th Ed.
 Strip Footings to support wall loads

McCarthy, 6th Ed.

 Rectangular and Trapezoidal Footings for two

columns (combined footing) or machine base

McCarthy, 6th Ed.

 RAFT or MAT Foundations

McCarthy, 6th Ed.

 To lower the bearing pressure and reduce

differential settlement on soils with low bearing
capacity or erratic or variable conditions
 Deep Foundations
 used when soil near surface has poor
load-bearing capacity

loose soil

bedrock
 they transmit load through weak soil
strata (overburden) to stronger, load-
bearing stratum (eg., bedrock, dense
sand and gravel, etc.)
PILES
 Various types and
placement
methods

Craig, 6th Ed.