Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning

Civil Engineering Department

Petra Christian University
BEND-DoubleReinf 1
 WHEN IS COMPRESSION REINFORCEMENT NEEDED ?

DESIGN OF DOUBLE REINFORCEMENT

TABLES

FLOW CHART OF DOUBLE REINFORCEMENT DESIGN

USING TABLE FOR RECTANGULAR SECTION

PROBLEMS

EXERCISES

BEND-DoubleReinf 2
 WHEN IS COMPRESSION REINFORCEMENT NEEDED ?

1. If a beam section with single reinforcement has a

reinforcement ratio, , more than its maximum value, maks,
for a certain bending loading, Mu.

2. To accomplish the seismic design provision.

(SKSNI T15-1991-03 sec. 3.14.3.2(1)).

3. Practically reasons.

BEND-DoubleReinf 3
 DOUBLE REINFORCEMENT
If single reinforcement has  > maks
’cu = 0.003 0.85 fc’
d’ Cc Cs
c a
As’
+
d d-½a d-d’
Mu As Mn1 Mn2
T1 T2
fs = fy
b s
1 2

CONDITION 1 : T1 = As1 . fs1

= As max . fy

Mn1 = T1 . (d - ½a)
= As max . fy (d - ½a)
BEND-DoubleReinf Mu >  Mn1 4
CONDITION 2 : Cs
For compatibility condition :
d-d’
Mu Mn2
= (Mn1 + Mn2) … (1) T2

Mu 2
Mn2 = - Mn1 = Cs (d - d’) … (2)


Check whether compression steel has yielded ? ’cu = 0.003

d’
c
s’ c - d’ s’
=
0.003 c
s’ = ……..
s
Check, is : s’  y ?
BEND-DoubleReinf 5
IF “YES” : Cs = As’ . fy Compression steel is yield (s’ >y)
C
As’ = s
fy C s = As ’ fs ’

IF “NO” : Compression steel is not yield (s’ y)

d-d’
Mn2
f s ’ =  s’ . E s T2 = As2 fy
Cs = As’ . fs’
As’ = C 2
s
fs ’
The value of As needed for the section is :
As = As1 + As2
Where : As1 = As maks
As2 = T2 : fy
BEND-DoubleReinf 6
 See Condition 2 Cs = T2
C s = A s’ f s ’ * If compression steel is yield :
As’ . fy = As2 . fy
d-d’
Mn2 As2 = As’ . fy then :
fy
T2 = As2 fy
2
As2 = As’

* If compression steel is not yield :

As’ . fs = As2 . fy then :

fs
As2 = As’ .
fy

BEND-DoubleReinf 7
 DESIGN OF DOUBLE REINFORCEMENT
’cu = 0.003
As’
’s 0.85 fc’
d’ Cc Cs
c a
+
d d-½a d-d’
As
Mu Mn1 Mn2
T1 T2
s fs = fy
b 1 2

 See Table 5.3.a - 5.3.j (CUR IV) for designing the double
reinforcement in rectangular section with ’ = 0.5  ;
 See Table 2.4 for double reinforcement with several ratio
of ’/ from Copy Sheet

BEND-DoubleReinf 8
TABLE 5.3.a - CUR IV CONCRETE STRENGTH f’c 15 with compression reinforcement
 = 0,8
 = Ratio of tension reinf ; ’= ratio of compression reinf. = 0.5 
Mu/bd2 fy = 240 MPa with d’/d = fy = 400 MPa with d’/d =
0.10 0.15 0.20 0.10 0.15 0.20
200 0.0011 0.0011 0.0012 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007
400 0.0022 0.0023 0.0023 0.0013 0.0014 0.0014
600 0.0033 0.0034 0.0035 0.0020 0.0020 0.0021
800 0.0044 0.0046 0.0047 0.0027 0.0027 0.0028
1000 0.0056 0.0057 0.0059 0.0033 0.0034 0.0035
1200 0.0067 0.0069 0.0071 0.0040 0.0041 0.0042
1400 0.0078 0.0080 0.0083 0.0047 0.0048 0.0050
1600 0.0090 0.0092 0.0095 0.0054 0.0055 0.0057
1800 0.0101 0.0104 0.0117 0.0061 0.0062 0.0072
2000 0.0113 0.0116 0.0119 0.0068 0.0070 0.0064
2200 0.0124 0.0128 0.0132 0.0075 0.0077 0.0079
2400 0.0136 0.0140 0.0144 0.0082 0.0084 0.0087
2600 0.0148 0.0152 0.0157 0.0089 0.0091 0.0094
2800 0.0160 0.0165 0.0170 0.0096 0.0099 0.0102
3000 0.0172 0.0177 0.0182 0.0103 0.0106 0.0109
3200 0.0184 0.0189 0.0195 0.0110 0.0114 0.0117
3400 0.0196 0.0202 0.0208 0.0118 0.0121 0.0125
3600 0.0208 0.0214 0.0221 0.0125 0.0129 0.0133
3800 0.0220 0.0227 0.0234 0.0132 0.0136 0.0141
BEND-DoubleReinf
4000 0.0233 0.0240 0.0247 0.0140 0.0144 0.0148 9
TABLE 2.4 - COPY SHEET
RECTANGULAR BEAM WITH DOUBLE REINFORCEMENT Steel yield stress, fy = 240 MPa
RATIO OF REINFORCEMENT :  (%) Concrete strength, fc’ = 20 MPa
Rn = Mn / (b.d2) d’/d = 0.15
Units : Mn (kNm), b and d (m) min = 0.58%
’/ 
Rn 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
2400 0.85 0.79 0.74 0.68 0.62 0.57 0.52 0.48 0.44 0.40
2600 1.02 0.98 0.93 0.89 0.84 0.79 0.74 0.69 0.65 0.61
2800 1.15 1.12 1.08 1.04 1.00 0.95 0.91 0.86 0.82 0.77
3000 1.27 1.24 1.21 1.17 .13 1.09 1.05 1.00 0.96 0.91
3200 1.38 1.35 1.32 1.29 1.25 1.21 1.17 1.13 1.09 1.04
3400 1.48 1.46 1.43 1.40 1.37 1.33 1.29 1.25 1.21 1.16
3600 1.82 1.56 1.54 1.51 1.48 1.44 1.40 1.36 1.32 1.28
3800 2.80 1.66 1.64 1.62 1.59 1.55 1.51 1.47 1.43 1.39
4000 1.89 1.74 1.72 1.69 1.66 1.62 1.58 1.54 1.49
4200 2.38 1.84 1.82 1.79 1.76 1.72 1.68 1.64 1.60
4400 2.87 1.94 1.92 1.89 1.86 1.83 1.79 1.74 1.70
4600 3.36 2.24 2.02 1.99 1.96 1.93 1.89 1.85 1.80
4800 3.85 2.57 2.11 2.09 2.06 2.03 1.99 1.95 1.90
5000 2.89 2.21 2.19 2.16 2.13 2.09 2.04 2.00
5200 3.22 2.42 2.29 2.26 2.22 2.19 2.14 2.10
...
BEND-DoubleReinf 10
 FLOW CHART OF DOUBLE REINFORCEMENT DESIGN
USING TABLE FOR RECTANGULAR SECTION

START
1
Define : b, d, d’ (trial & errors)
As =  . b . d
Calculate loads and Mu As’ = (’/) . As

Calculate : Mn = Mu /  Finish

Rn = Mn
bd2

Select appropriate ’/

Not found
See Table to find 
found
BEND-DoubleReinf 1 11
 SOLVE THESE PROBLEMS The solutions are on the last
Time frame : 15 Minutes pages of this presentation
1.
cu’ = 0.003
d’ c = 120 mm
c s ’ d = 720 mm
As’
d’ = 80 mm
h d
fc’ = 25 MPa
As fy = 400 MPa
b = 400 mm
b h = 800 mm

a. Check the compression steel whether it is yield or not.

b. Check the section, is it in “UNDER-REINFORCED” -
condition ?

BEND-DoubleReinf 12
2.
If b, fc’, fy, and Mu are known, calculate the
reinforcement area, As, needed for this
h rectangular beam with single reinforcement
Mu As as drawn so that the depth of beam, h, is
minimum.
b

3. Use design table to count the ultimate

As’ moment that can be carried by this section.
h f c’ = 20 MPa fy = 400 MPa
As d’/d = 0.2 b = 200 mm
Mu
h = 500 mm
b As = 4 D22
As’ = 2 D22
BEND-DoubleReinf 13
 EXERCISES
1. fc’ = 20 MPa ; fy = 240 MPa
M u
Tension steel = 4  16
300
How much Mu that could be carried by
150 150 this triangular section ?
200
2. Mu fc’ = 25 MPa ; fy = 400 MPa
Compression steel = 2 D16
400
Tension steel = 4 D16
How much Mu that could be carried by
400
this section ?
3.
Mu = 125 kNm fc’ = 20 MPa ; fy = 400 MPa
500
’/ = 0.5
How much are As and As’ needed ?
300
BEND-DoubleReinf 14
End of presentation
 SOLUTION

1. a. Is compression steel yield yet ?

cu’ = 0.003
d’
As’ 40 s’ 120

h d 600

As
s
b

 s’ 40
=
0.003 120
s ’ = 0.001
y = fy = 400 = 0.002
Es 200.000

BEND-DoubleReinf s’ < y Compression steel is not yield 15

 b. Is section in UNDER-REINFORCED Condition ?
s 0.003
=
600 120
s = 0.015 > y ( = 0.002)

Tension steel is yield.

The section is in UNDER-REINFORCED Condition.

2. h = minimum, if As = maximum.
max = 0.75 bal
= …….
As max = max . b . d
Mu fy
bd2 =  . 0.8 . fy (1 - 0.588  f ’ )
c

BEND-DoubleReinf ..... See CUR 1 p. 54 16

3. ’/ =
0.5
fc ’ =
20 MPa
fy =
400 MPa
d’/d =
0.20
As =
…… mm2
 =
As = …..
bd
From Table 2.4 (Copy Sheet) or Table 5.3b (CUR 4) is found :
Mn
= …….
bd2

Mn = …….
Mu =  Mn = ……. kNm

BEND-DoubleReinf 17