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c= '
0.85 f c bβ
Doubly Reinforced Beam
fs’= εs’ Es’
Design
Shear in Beams
M u=1.2 M D +1.6 M L
ɸV c=2 ɸ √ f 'c bw d
Area of Tension Steelmax = As1= ρmax bd
Φ b d2 Av f y d V u−ɸ V c
S= where V s =
Vs ɸ
Mu 2
Mu1= 2
Φb d
Φbd Maximum Spacing for Minimum Reinforcement
Mn2=Mn-Mn1 A v f yt
S=
0.75 √ f c b w
'
As 1 fy
a= '
0.85 f c b where f yt =¿yield strength of stirrups
AND
a A v f yt
c=
β 50 bw
εs’=¿)(0.003)
ACI Maximum spacing
d−c d
εt = (0.003) s= ≤ 24 ∈,if V s ≤ 4 √ f c bw d
'
c 2
d
fy s= ≤ 12∈,if V s >4 √ f 'c bw d
ε y= 4
Es
V s ≤ 8 √ f 'c bw d
Mn 2
As’=
fs '(d−d ' )
As’fs’=As2fy
As=As1+As2 Columns
Axially Loaded
Checks
Pu = 1.2PD + 1.6PL
d−c
εt = (0.003)
c
250
Φ = 0.65 + [Ɛt – 0.002]( )
3
ΦMn= Φ [ ( As−As ) fy d−
'
( a2 )+ A s f s ( d−d )]
' ' '
Analysis
' ' Eccentrically Loaded
A s f y =0.85 f c b β 1 c+ A s f s '
Ag = bh
h−2 d ' Cs = As’fs’
γ=
h
T = Asfs
Ast = ρg bh
Pn = 0.85fcβ1cb + As(fs’ - 0.85fc) - Asfs
( d−c ) and ( )
εu
⇒ ε s =ε u c=c b =d
ACI Bar Spacing c ε u +ε y
⇒ f =ε E ( )
a. 1.5” d −c
s u s for tensile steel
c
b. 1.5 times the dia. of bar
c. 4/3 times the size of the coarse aggregate
( )
'
' c−d
ACI Tie Spacing
⇒ε s =ε u
c
⇒f =ε E ( )
'
a. 16 times dia. of main bar ' c−d
s u s a=β 1 c
b. 48 times dia. of ties c
c. Least dimension of column
Wall Footings
ACI Spiral Design
d = h – 2d’
A sp Lsp
ρs = (2 ) Effective q: q e =q a−q concrete −q soil
A c Lc
Width of footing = (D+L)/qe
( A sp )πDc 4 A sp Ultimate q: qu = (1.2D+1.2L)/Width
ρs = = (3)
()
π 2
D xs
4 c
sD c
Vu = (Area Under Shear)(qu)
ρs =0 . 45
[ ]
Ag
Ac
−1
f 'c
fy
(9 )
As 1 fy
a=
where βc is ratio of the long side of the column to the
0.85 f ' c b
shorter side, and αs is 40 for interior columns, 30 for
edge columns and 20 for corner columns. ΦMn min= Φ A s f y d− ( a2 )
One-way Shear A ¯¿
Required Spacing = ¿
Vu = (Area Under Shear)(qu) A s (min)
a=0.2 d
Steel
w l2
Cantilever Moment: M u=
2
Steel Ratio
Mu
2
Φb d
250
Ductility Check: Φ = 0.65 + [Ɛt – 0.002]( )
3
1 Development Length for Bars
200.bw . d
AND 3. ( f c ) . bw . d
' 2
As(min)=
fy
fy
Two-way Slabs