IMMUNOSTIMULANTS

IMMUNOSTIMULANTS

• Perbaikan fungsi imun pada kondisi

imunosupresi
• Indication: to improve immune
function in immune-compromised
individuals. E.g.: AIDS, chronic
infections, malignancies
• Disadvantages: Weak therapeutic
effects and non-specific to certain
cell or antibody
Immunostimulant drugs consist
of:
1. Isoprinosine
2. Levamisole
3. Cytokines:
• IL-2
• Interferron
• Colony Stimulating Factors
1. Isoprinosine
 Improve the functions of NK cell, T
cell, and monocyte
 Its clinical usefulness is highly
controversial
2. Levamisole
• Increases the cellular immunity
• Indications: colorectal cancer and
Hodgkin disease
SE: agranulocytosis
3. Cytokines
a. IL-2 (T cell growth factor)
• ‚ It binds to its receptor on the cell
surface → activates proliferation and
differentiation of T-helper, T-
cytotoxic, B cells, and macrophage.
• ‚ Side effects: Severe hypotension,
lung edema, nephrotoxicity,
myelosuppression
b. Interferrons
• ƒConsisted of IFN-α, IFN-β,
IFN-γ,
• ƒIndications: Melanoma, Chronic
Myelocytic Leukemia, Kaposi’s
sarcoma, chronic HCV
infection
• SE: fever, chilling, myalgia,
myelosuppression, depression
c. Colony Stimulating Factors
• Granulocyte Colony Stimulating
Factor, (G- CSF), e.g. filgrastim:
prevents neutropenia caused by
cancer chemotherapy
• Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony
Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF), e.g.
sagramostim: to speed up recovery
after autologous bone marrow
transplant
TERIMA KASIH