Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TECHNOLOGY’S
GENERATION
BY- SITU RANJAN KAR
CLASS 12TH SC.
JNV CUTTACK
ROLL NO-
First Generation (1G) – Analog System
• Using Analog signals
• introduced in the 1980s
• Frequency typically 150MHz & above
• started with the Advanced Mobile Phone
Service (AMPS) that was invented at Bell Labs
and first installed in 1982.
DRAWBACKS OF 1G
• Poor voice quality
• Frequent call drops
• No security
• Limited capacity and poor handoff
reliability.
SECOND GENERATION
• 2G phones using global system for mobile
communications (GSM) were first used in
the early 1990 s in Europe. GSM provides
voice and limited data services and uses
digital modulation for improved audio
quality. Digital AMPS , CDMA were some of
the 2G systems.
DRAWBACKS OF 2G
Global roaming
Navigation / maps
Video conferencing
TV streaming
infrastructure for 3G
Expense of 3G phones .
WHAT IS 4G???
Faster and more reliable – 100 Mbps
Lower cost than previous generations.
MIMO(Multiple In Multiple Out) replace CDMA spread
spectrum radio technology.
ADVANTAGES OF 4G
High usability: anytime, anywhere and with any
technology.
Support for multimedia services at low
transmission cost.
DISADVANTAGES OF 4G
Higher bandwidth , tight network security.
The equipment required to implement a next
generation network is still very expensive.
Carriers and providers have to plan carefully to
make sure
that expenses are kept realistic.
A Journey From 1G to 5G…
Generation Definition Throughput/ Technology Time period Features
(1G,2G,3G,4G,5
G) Speed
2.5G Packet Data 171.2 GPRS 2001-2004 In 2.5G the internet becomes
Kbps(peak) popular and data becomes more
20-40 Kbps relevant.2.5G Multimedia
services and streaming starts to
show growth. Phones start
supporting web browsing though
limited and very few phones have
that.
Generation Definition Throughput/ Technology Time period Features
(1G,2G,3G,4G,5
G) Speed