GSM Basic Function Introduction

GSM system functions introduction
14 Mar 2016
Agenda
• GUL inter-operation
• Handover algorithm introduction
GUL Inter-operation ---- Idle mode (GSM side)
Some preconditions should be satisfied in order to realize the reselections

towards to inter-rat.
 Configuration of the external inter-rat cells and neighbor cells;
 Configuration of reselection parameters;
 Sending of SI2QUART message by BSS;
 The user has subscribed to both the 2G/3G/4G networks
 Meet the criteria for ranking and priority based algorithm.
© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

3
Cell Reselection based on cell ranking
If the conditions for the use of the cell reselection algorithm based on priority information are not satisfied, then the
algorithm GSM to UMTS cell re-selection will be used.
If the following criteria are all met for a period of 5 s, the reselection toward to UMTS will be triggered:
 its measured RSCP value exceeds the value of RLA_C for the serving cell and all of the
suitable non-serving GSM cells by the value FDD_Qoffset,
its measured Ec/No value is equal or greater than the value FDD_Qmin - FDD_Qmin_Offset
its measured RSCP value is equal to or greater than FDD_RSCP_threshold.

4
How and when to make UE to measure the UMTS neighbor?
Parameter name Description Range
Qsearch_C Search for UTRAN FDD cells if signal level below threshold (0-7): 0-15
- 98, - 94, … , - 74 dBm,  (always)
or above threshold (8-15):
- 78, - 74, … , - 54 dBm,  (never)
Search for UTRAN TDD cells if signal level below threshold (0-7):
- 98, - 94, … , - 74 dBm,  (always)
or above threshold (8-15):
- 90, - 86, … , -66 dBm,  (never)
Qsearch_I Search for UTRAN FDD cells if signal level is below (0-7) or above (8-15) threshold 0-15
0 = - 98 dBm, 1 = - 94 dBm, … ,
6 = - 74 dBm, 7 =  (always)
8 = - 78 dBm, 9 = - 74 dBm, … ,
14 = - 54 dBm, 15 =  (never).
Default value =  (never).
Search for UTRAN TDD cells if signal level is below (0-7) or above (8-15) threshold
0 = - 98 dBm, 1 = - 94 dBm, … ,
6 = - 74 dBm, 7 =  (always)
8 = - 90 dBm, 9 = - 86 dBm, … ,
14 = - 66 dBm, 15 =  (never).
Default value =  (never).
Qsearch_x defines a threshold and also indicates whether these measurements shall be performed when RLA_C of the
serving cell is below or above the threshold

5
GUL Inter-operation ---- GU inter-operation (GSM side)
Snapshot of SI2quater message which including the UMTS neighbor list and also related parameters

6
Parameters in ZTE
Parameter Name GUI Name Value Range and Step Unit Setting for True
0:Broadcast on normal BCCH block)
Channel location of si2quater 1:Broadcast on extended BCCH block ,AGCH_BLOCK reservation
si2quaterPos broadcast value will be 1 1
0..15
Search for UTRAN FDD cells if signal level below threshold (0-7):
- 98, - 94, … , - 74 dBm, ¥ (always)
Measurement threshold of UE or above threshold (8-15):
qsearch_I performing UTRAN cell reselection - 78, - 74, … , - 54 dBm, ¥ (never) dBm 7
Initial parameter instead of
qsearch_c before UE receiving 0:Qsearch_I
qsearchCInit qsearch_C 1:∞，Always 0
0..15
Search for UTRAN FDD cells if signal level below threshold (0-7):
- 98, - 94, … , - 74 dBm, ¥ (always)
Threshold when UE performs search or above threshold (8-15):
qsearch_C under dedicated mode - 78, - 74, … , - 54 dBm, ¥ (never) dBm 15
0..15
0 = - ∞ (always select a cell if acceptable),
1 = -28 dB, 2 = -24 dB, … , 15 = 28 dB.
fdd_Qoffset FDD reselection offset Default value = 0 dB db 0
fdd_Qmin Min Ec/No of UTRAN reselecting cell 0:-20dB;1:-6dB;2:-18dB;3:-8dB ;4:-16dB ;5:-10dB;6:-14dB ;7:-12dB db 6
0..15
A minimum threshold of RSCP for 0 = -114 dBm, 1 = -112 dBm, 2 = -110 dBm,…..., 15 = -84 dBm.
fdd_RscpMin UTRAN FDD cell re-selection Default value = -102 dBm. dBm 5
0..7
Applies an offset to FDD_Qmin 0 = 0 dB, 1 = 2 dB, 2 = 4 dB, 3 = 6 dB, 4 = 8 dB, 5 = 10 dB, 6 = 12
fdd_Qmin_Offset value dB, 7 = 14 dB. db 0

7
Cell Reselection based on priority
A mobile station supporting E-UTRAN shall support priority based inter-RAT cell re-selection towards all the
supported RATs.
The algorithm based on priority shall be used for inter-RAT cell reselection if the following conditions are satisfied:
- the mobile station supports priority based inter-RAT cell re-selection.
- the mobile station has received the Serving Cell Priority Parameters Description IE for the serving cell.
If one or both of these conditions are not met, then inter-RAT reselection to E-UTRAN cells is not permitted, and
inter-RAT reselection to UTRAN cells shall use the algorithm based on ranking.

8
MS shall, at least every 5 s update the value RLA_C for the serving cell and each of the at least 6 strongest non serving GSM cells.
The MS shall then reselect a suitable cell of another radio access technology if the criteria below are satisfied.
- The S_non-serving_XXX of one or more cells of a higher priority inter-RAT frequency is greater than THRESH_XXX_high
during a time interval T_reselection; in that case, the mobile station shall consider the cells for reselection in decreasing order of
priority and, for cells of the same priority, in decreasing order of S_non-serving_XXX, and reselect the first cell that satisfies the
conditions above;

9
- The value of S_GSM is lower than THRESH_GSM_low for the serving cell and all measured GSM cells during a time
interval T_reselection; in this case, the mobile station shall consider for reselection the inter-RAT cells in the following order, and
reselect the first one that satisfies the following criteria:
- cells of a lower priority inter-RAT frequency whose S_non-serving_XXX is greater than THRESH_XXX_low during a time
interval T_reselection; these cells shall be considered in decreasing order of priority and, for cells of the same priority, in
decreasing order of S_non-serving_XXX;
- if no cells satisfy the criterion above, inter-RAT cells for which, during a time interval T_reselection, S_non-serving_XXX is
higher than S_GSM for the serving cell by at least a specific hysteresis H_PRIO; these cells shall be considered in decreasing
order of S_non-serving_XXX.
In addition to the criteria above, conditions below should be met:

1. For UTRAN: measured Ec/No >=FDD_Qmin - FDD_Qmin_Offset
2. For E-UTRAN: measured RSRQ >=E-UTRAN_Qmin, RSRP>=E-UTRAN_RSRPmin (if these two parameters provided by network)

10
Meaning of S_non-serving_XXX:
 UTRAN ：measured RSCP minus UTRAN_QRXLEVMIN
 E-UTRAN ：measured RSRP value minus E-UTRAN_QRXLEVMIN
For a GSM cell, S_GSM is defined as the C1

11
How and when to make UE to measure the Inter-RAT cell neighbor?
Parameter name Description Range
THRESH_priority_sea A threshold for the serving cell that controls measurement of inter-RAT cells or 0-15
rch frequencies of lower priority when the priority-based cell reselection algorithm is
used,
0 = -98 dBm, 1 = -95 dBm, 2 = -92 dBm, …, 13 = -59 dBm, 14 = -56 dBm,
15 =  (always).
Inter-RAT cells with higher priority than serving GSM cell: Always measure
Inter-RAT cells with lower priority than serving GSM cell: RLA_C < THRESH_priority_search

12
Snapshot of SI2quater message

13
Priority related parameters in ZTE system
Parameter Name GUI Name Value Range and Step Unit Setting for True
0:Not Support
PrioReselSupport Cell re-selection Switch Based on priority 1:Support 1
ServCellPrio Priority of GSM cells 0..7 0
UtranCellPrio the priority of Utran Cell 0..7 U850:3
the PRIORITY of E-UTRAN cells for the specified
ArfcnLtePrio/ArfcnLTEPrioFR EARFCN 0..7 L1800:7; L2100:6; L900:5
threshold of serving cell that used by priority Cell re- 0:-98;1:-95;2:-92;3:-89;4:-86;5:-83;6:-80;7:-77;8:-74;9:-71;10:-
THRESHPRIORYSEARCH selection algorithm 68;11:-65;12:-62;13:-59;14:-56;15:always dBm 15
HysteresisofPRiority Hysteresis of priority reselection algorithm 0:rule disabled;1:5dB;2:4dB;3:3dB 0
0:0 dB(0 dB);1:2 dB(2 dB);2:4 dB(4 dB);3:6 dB(6 dB);4:8 dB(8
dB);5:10 dB(10 dB);6:12 dB(12 dB);7:14 dB(14 dB);8:16 dB(16
threshold that Allow MS re-select to lower priority dB);9:18 dB(18 dB);10:20 dB(20 dB);11:22 dB(22 dB);12:24
THRESHGSMLOW Cell dB(24 dB);13:26 dB(26 dB);14:28 dB(28 dB);15:(always) db 15
TimeHysteresisofReS Time hysteresis of priority reselection algorithm 0:5;1:10;2:15;3:20 s 0
UtranHighThresh the maximum thresholds of Utran reselection 0..31 db [7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7]
UtranLowThresh the minimum thresholds of Utran reselection 0..31 db [7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7]
0..31
（0 = -119 dBm, 1 = -117 dBm, 2 = -115 dBm, …, 30 = -59 dBm, 31 = -
UtranQRXLEVMIN Minimum RX level for Utran cells 57 dBm） [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
0..31
（0 = 0 dB, 1 = 2 dB, 2 = 4 dB, 3 = 6 dB, …, 30 = 60 dB, 31 = 62
EUtranHighThresh the maximum thresholds of EUtran reselection dB） db [13,13,13,13,13,13,13,13]
0..31
（0 = 0 dB, 1 = 2 dB, 2 = 4 dB, 3 = 6 dB, …, 30 = 60 dB, 31 = 62
EUtranLowThresh the minimum thresholds of EUtran reselection dB） db [13,13,13,13,13,13,13,13]
0..31
（0 = -140 dBm, 1 = -138 dBm, 2 = -136 dBm, …, 30 = -80 dBm,
EUtranQRXLEVMIN Minimum RX level for EUtran cells 31 = -78 dBm） dBm [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
0:-34 Db;1:-32 dB;2:-30 dB;3:-28 dB;4:-26 dB;5:-24 dB;6:-22
dB;7:-20 dB;8:-18 dB;9:-16 dB;10:-14 dB;11:-12 dB;12:-10
EUtranQMIN Minimum RSRQ for EUtran cells based on RSRP dB;13:-8 dB;14:-6 dB;15:-4 dB db [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
0 = -140 dBm, 1 = -138 dBm, 2 = -136 dBm, …, 30 = -80 dBm,
EutranRSRPMIN Minimum RSRP RX level for EUtran cells 31 = -78 dBm. dBm [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
0:Broadcast on normal BCCH block)
1:Broadcast on extended BCCH block ,AGCH_BLOCK
si2quaterPos Channel location of si2quater broadcast reservation value will be 1 1
0:-20dB;1:-6dB;2:-18dB;3:-8dB ;4:-16dB ;5:-10dB;6:-14dB ;7:-
fdd_Qmin Min Ec/No of UTRAN reselecting cell 12dB db 6

14
GUL Inter-operation ---- Idle mode-fast-return (GSM side)
Normal mode: UE select a GSM cell after CSFB, perform LAU/RAU, receive system
information; reselect a 3G or 4G cell after finished voice call, and perform LAU again. It
takes the UE a long time to complete the entire procedure.
Fast-return: BSC instructs the UE to fast return to the original network when releasing
a service, the UE does not need to receive 2G system information and perform LAU,
reducing the period during which the UE is unreachable.
Based on TS45.008, if the Channel Release message carries the Cell selection indicator
after release of all TCH and SDCCH parameter, the UE tries camping on the indicated
cell (2G, UTRAN, or E-UTRAN), and accelerates cell reselection by using the
measurement result of neighbor cells on the dedicated channels.

15
Before and after enable FastReturn Flow
TCH Channel Release TCH Channel Release
Cell Selection in GSM
LAU and RAU in GSM
3G or 4G neighbor cell 3G or 4G neighbor cell

measurement measurement
Cell Re-selection to 3G or Cell Re-selection to 3G or

4G 4G
LAU and RAU in 3G or No LAU and RAU in 3G

TAU in 4G Only TAU in 4G
Camped on 3G or 4G Camped on 3G or 4G

16
Fast-Return related parameters in ZTE system
Setting
Parameter Name GUI Name Value Range and Step Unit
for True
0:Channel Release without E-UTRAN Neighbour Cell

1:Channel Release with E-UTRAN Neighbour Cell
2:Channel Release with E-UTRAN Neighbour Cell When CSFB
3:Channel Release with E-UTRAN Neighbour Cell When SRVCC
FastReturntoLTE FastReturn to LTE 4:Channel Release with E-UTRAN Neighbour Cell When CSFB and SRVCC 1
0:Channel Release without UTRAN Neighbour Cell

1:Channel Release with UTRAN Neighbour Cell
2:Channel Release with UTRAN Neighbour Cell after handover from UTRAN
FastReturntoUTRAN FastReturn to UTRAN to GERAN 0
0:According to measurement
RelEUtranStrategy/RelUtr Strategy for E-Utran /Utran Neighbour 1:According to Config
anStrategy Select When Release 2:Prefer measurement 0
0:Prefer E-Utran TDD neighbour cell

1:Prefer E-Utran FDD neighbour cell
2:Only E-Utran TDD neighbour cell
3:Only E-Utran FDD neighbour cell
4:Sort by the PRIORITY of E-UTRAN cells for FastReturn to LTE in
RelEUtranPrio E-Utran FDD and TDD Prio When Release descending order 4
L1800:7;
the PRIORITY of E-UTRAN cells for Fast- L2100:6;
ArfcnLTEPrioFR Return to LTE 0..7 L900:5
QSearchC QSearchC 0:15

15
0;0;0;0;0;
EanQRUtrXLEVMI
EUtranQRXLEVMIN 0..31 0;0;0
N
0:RSCP
fddRepQntCs fddRepQntCs
1:Ec/No 1
17
GUL Inter-operation ---- Connected mode (GSM side)
RNC 3G MSC 2G MSC BSC MS
PREPARE HANDOVER HANDOVER REQUIRED

RELOCATION REQUEST REQUEST
RELOCATION
PREPARE HANDOVER
RESPONSE ack.
RESPONSE
IAM
ACM
HANDOVER COMMAND HANDOVER COMMAND
RELOCATION DETECT PROCESS SIGNALLING
RELOCATION
SEND END SIGNAL
COMPLETE
ANM
RELEASE
RELEASE COMPLETE

18
GUL Inter-operation ---- Conneced mode (GSM side)
Recommended
MO Type Abbreviation Parameter
Value
0:No
GUtranHandoverControl interSysHoCtrl 1:Yes 1
0:Not Support
GUtranHandoverControl LoadHoTo3GEnable 1: Support 0
0:Qsearch_I
GUtranMeasure qsearchCInit 1:∞，Always 1
GUtranMeasure qsearch_C 0..15 7
0:RSCP，
GUtranMeasure fddRepQntCs 1:Ec/No， 1
GUtranMeasure fddMulRatRrptCs 0..3 1
GUtranHandoverControl hoWindow3g 1..31 2
GUtranHandoverControl hoRscpThsFdd 0..63 30
GUtranHandoverControl hoRscp_P_Fdd 1..20 3
GUtranHandoverControl hoRscp_N_Fdd 1..20 4
GUtranHandoverControl hoEcNoThsFdd 0..49 25
GUtranHandoverControl hoEcNo_P_Fdd 1..20 2
GUtranHandoverControl hoEcNo_N_Fdd 1..20 2
GUtranHandoverControl loadHoRscpThsFdd 0..63 35
GUtranHandoverControl loadHoEcNoThsFdd 0..49 25
GUtranHandoverControl hoRscpThsTdd 0..63 35
GUtranHandoverControl hoRscp_N_Tdd 1..20 4
GUtranHandoverControl hoRscp_P_Tdd 1..20 3
GUtranHandoverControl loadHoRscpThsTdd 0..63 35
GUtranHandoverControl hoFailPenalTm3g 1..255 14
GUtranRelation HoRSCPOffset3G 0..63 5
GUtranRelation HoEcNoOffset3G 0..49 5
0:Handover to UTRAN first
1:Not Handover to UTRAN first
2:Not allow to Handover to UTRAN
GUtranHandoverControl serviceHo 3:According to MSC, default handover to UTRAN first 3
© ZTE
4:According to MSC, default not handover to Corporation.
UTRAN first All rights reserved
19 5:According to MSC, default not allowed to handover to UTRAN
Agenda
• GUL inter-operation
• Handover algorithm introduction
ZTE handover system introduction
I. Basic concept of ZTE system handover

II. Handover flow
III. Layer & handover priority
IV. Measurement Report Process
V. Selection & queue of Target Cells
VI. Handover failure penalty
VII. Types of Major handover introduction
VIII. FAQ & Answers

21
I. Basic concept of ZTE system handover
Functions of HO include but not limited to the following,

Retrieval HO-to retrieve the on-going calls;
Marginal HO (Ho-margin PBGT)-to improve the quality of on-going calls;
Intra-cell HO-to reduce interference in the cell;
Layer based HO-to balance the traffic distribution;
Directed-retry HO-to improve call establishment rate.

22
What HO algorithms are provided in ZTE systems?
1. CO-BCCH
How to choose the appropriate HO algorithms on working site?
2. UL Interference HO
3. DL Interference HO
4. UL Quality HO
5. DL Quality HO
6. UL Level HO
7. DL Level HO
8. TA HO
9. Fast-Fading HO
10. PBGT HO
11. Macro-micro latency HO
12. Traffic HO
13. Directed-shift HO
Reference only
23
Submit average values
Handover flow after preprocess /

MR if no preprocess is
performed
Submit
Process of MR
Judge handover in order

according to their priority level ;
select target cells when find out
the suitable handover type .
Judgment of
Select target cells
starting handover according to the principles
suitable to different handover
types and the requirements of
layers and frequency bands.
Principles for ordering

Selection of target
cells Priority level of layer
Filtering or ordering according to the

target cell load
Priority level of dynamic state
Margin of power budget
Ordering of target Start handover

cells
Collect related counter
statistics .
Try to avoid too many handover failures

1.
Starting handover penalty strategy falls into two parts
penalty on handover failure between cells
penalty on handover failure inside the cells.
2 . Avoid ping-pong handovers. Do not initiate

the handover request toward the original cell
during the penalty time on handing over to
Handover penalty the original cell.
strategy

24
Handover flow
MSC BSC BTS MS
1 Measurement Report(SACCH)
2 Prep_Measurement Result
3 Channel Activation
4 Channel Activation Ack
5 Assigment Command(FACCH)
6 SABM(FACCH)
7 Establish Indication
8 UA(FACCH)
9 Assignment Complete(FACCH)
10 Receiver Ready(FACCH)
11 HO Performed
12 Release Request
13 Release Confirmation
14 RF Channel Release
15 RF Channel Release Ack

25
MSC BTS2 BSC BTS1 MS
Handover flow 1 Measurement Report(SACCH)
2 Prep_Measurement Result
3 Channel Activation
4 Channel Activation Ack
5 Handover Command
6 Handover Command(FACCH)
7 HO Access(FACCH)
8 Handover Detect
9 Physical Info(FACCH)
10 SABM(FACCH)
11 Establish Indication
12 UA(FACCH)
13 Handover Complete(FACCH)
14 Receiver Ready(FACCH)
15 Hondover Complete
16 HO Performed
17 Release Request
18 Release Confirmation
19 RF Channel Release
20 RF Channel Release Ack

26
Snapshot of Measurement message

27
Layer & handover priority
ZTE layer definition
Ncelllayer Description
0 Undefined
1 Same layer of the home cell
2 Upper layer of the home cell
3 Lower layer of the home cell

28
Layer & handover priority
For HOs caused by different reasons, the selection of layer and priority is different.

29
Measurement Report Process at BSC
The flow of process of measurement report at BSC side:
The window value is 4; when the 4th MR arrives, carry out the first averaging
process and obtain Average_MR1; when MR5 arrives, abandon MR1 and
carry out the second averaging process and obtain Average_MR2 (the
averaging process here is weighted average); when HOPreprocess is on, MR
is Preprocess Result; when HOPreprocess is off, MR is the original
measurement report.
MR4/PR4 MR3/PR3 MR2/PR2 MR1/PR1 Average_MR1

N/P
MR5/PR5 MR4/PR4 MR3/PR3 MR2/PR2 Average_MR2 judgment

30
Preprocess of Measurement Report at BTS
Process of Measurement Report at BTS Side, with

HOPreprocess open
HOPreprocess value=2, average the two measurement

reports, and report the preprocess result to BSC;
HOPrecess value=0, MR directly reports to BSC without
the averaging process.
MR1 Preprocess
Result1
MR2 BSC
MR3 Preprocess
Result2
MR4

31
Preprocess of Measurement Report at BTS
Considering ZeroAllowed:
Supposed ZeroAllowed set as 1:

32
Selection & queue of Target Cells
When BSC decides to carry out the handover, select target cells according to different
handover causes. Introduction of some main principles as below:
 Selection principle 1:
AvRxLevNCell(n) > RXLEV_MIN(n) + MAX(0,(MS_TXPWR_MAX(n)- P(n)))
PBGT(n) > HO_MARGIN(n)
AvRxLevNCell(n) > avRxLevDL + HO_MARGIN_LEVEL(n)
AvRxLevNCell(n) > avRxLevDL + HO_MARGIN_QUAL(n)
Principle 1 must be satisfied, that is the average level of incoming handover to the adjacent cell must exceeds the minimum level allowed.

33
Selection & queue of Target Cells

34
ZTE system adopts cell ordering strategy of dynamic priority.
Dynamic priority
comprehensively
considers the static
priority of cells, Dynamic priority
traffic volume and
power budget.
Static priority Traffic volume Power budget

35
Introduction of some parameters as below:
Parameters Name GUI name
hoUlQualThs Uplink receive quality Threshold

hoDlQualThs Downlink receive quality Threshold
hoDlLevThs Downlink receive level Threshold
hoUlLevThs Uplink receive level Threshold
pbgtHoStartThs The threshold for starting PBGT handover
sOffSetUl Uplink interference level offset
sOffSetDl Downlink interference level offset
qOffSetUl Uplink interference quality offset
qOffSetDl Downlink interference quality offset
hoUlLevWindow Uplink power level Sample count
hoDlLevWindow Downlink power level Sample count
hoUlQualWindow Uplink quality Sample count
hoDlQualWindow Downlink quality Sample count
hoUlLevN Uplink receive level Value N
hoDlLevN Downlink receive level Value N
hoUlQualN Uplink receive quality Value N
hoDlQualN Downlink receive quality Value N
pbgtHoN PBGT handover Value N
hoUlLevP Uplink receive level Value P
hoDlLevP Downlink receive level Value P
hoUlQualP Uplink receive quality Value P
hoDlQualP Downlink receive quality Value P
pbgtHoP PBGT handover Value P
36
Handover judgment/
implementation
Handover
No Complete the handover
failure?
PenaltyCount=PenaltyCount+1
Yes Yes
Start
HoFailPenalTime
compare the difference The punished cell RxLev(n)=RxLev(n)-

PenaltyCount<3 between adjacent cell’s
Yes owns the highest No PenaltyLevOffset；
？ priority and the priority? PenaltyCount=PenaltyCount+1
acceptable priority
No
Screen the target cell
Flow of penalty on inter-cell handover failure (assuming the level of

No the punished cell still tops the best after level offset) is shown below
HoFailPenalTime
overtimes？
Yes
Relieve the target cell of

penalty

37
Handover judgment
Penalty flow of in-cell handover failure

Start in-cell
No Other handover flow No
handover?
Yes
Start HoFailPenalTime；
（after receiving handover
Yes
setup indication）
TMaxIHo IHoCount=IHoCount+1；
No
overtimes？ TMaxIHo=0
Yes
IHoCount=MaxI
IHoCount=0
Ho？
Yes Yes
Other handover
Stop in-cell handover requirements are
satisfied?
No
HoFailPenalTim
No
e overtimes？

38
Types of Major handover introduction
1. UL/DL Interference Handover
Penalty for UL/DL interference handover:
If handover starts within TMaxIHo, add 1 to IHoCount,
restore TMaxIHo;
If handover starts when TMaxIHo overtimes, restrict in-cell
handovers within penalty circle.
Process Judge whether to

Select target cells Order target cells Start handover
measurement report start handover
Causes: UL/DL
Submit average First select carrier Different carrier interference
AvRxQualUL(n)>= frequency is
values after frequency: if carrier handover
InterfF preferable;
preprocess/Submit frequency is the V2:C11675
QSS(n); carrier’s priority
measurement report same, select C11676
AvRxQualDL(n)>= works
if no preprocess is timeslot according C116106
InterfFQSS(n);
performed to interference band C116107
N,P;
Order timeslots C10804
according to C10805
interference band; C10814
the lower the C10815
interference fringe C10824
is, the higher the C10825
priority will be. V3:C90006000086
C90006000087
C90006000228
C90006000229
C90106000006
C90106000007
C90106000029
C90106000030
C90106000052
C90106000053
39
AvRxQualUL (n)  InterfFQSS (n)
255 AvRxLevUL( n)  XOffset  20

YOffset  40 XOffset  20  AvRxLevUL( n)  XOffset  30

InterfFQSS (n)  
YOffset  30 XOffset  30  AvRxLevUL( n)  XOffset  40
YOffset  20 XOffset  40  AvRxLevUL( n)
Take the following parameters as an example. SoffSetUl=15, QoffSetUl=20, in this case, the calculation result of
InterFQSS (n) is as follows:
255 AvRxLevUL( n)  25
50 25  AvRxLevUL( n)  35

InterfFQSS (n)  
40 35  AvRxLevUL( n)  45
30 45  AvRxLevUL( n)

40
Selection of Target Cells
As for in-cell handover, there is no need to change serving cell, only carrier frequency and
timeslot need to be changed. First select carrier frequency according to its priority. If the
carrier frequency is no different from the original one, carry out handover to the timeslot with
lowest interference band; if interference band is the same, then pick a timeslot randomly and
conduct handover.

41
2. UL/DL Quality Handover
Penalty on UL / DL handover
failure ：
AvRxLevNCell ( n ) － PenaltyLevOffset ；
PenaltyCount <=3 ;

Causes : UL / DL
Submit average Within Tmirco ： upper quality handover
1： AvRxLevNCell ( n ) >
values after AvRxQualUL>= HoUl layer - > same layer -
RXLEV_ MIN ( n ) + V 2: C 116111
preprocess/ Submit QualThs > lower layer
MAX( 0 , ( MS_ TXPWR_MAX( C 116112
measurement report AvRxQualDL>= HoDl Tmirco overtimes ：
n ) - P ( n ))) C 10834
if no preprocess is QualThs same layer - > upper
2： AvRxLevNCell ( n ) > C 10835
performed N/P layer - > lower layer
avRxLevDL + C 10836
HO_ MARGIN_ QUAL( n ) C 10837
C 10839
100% ordering
C 10840
according to the load of
the target cell (enabling
the dynamic priority) V 3: C 90006000084
C 90006000085
C 90006000226
C 90006000227
Dynamic priority
C 90106000004
C 90106000005
C 90106000027
C 90106000028
Power budget C 90106000050
margin C 90106000051

42
Make the judgment according to the following formula:
AvRxQualUL>HoUlQualThs
AvRxQualDL>HoDlQualThs
If among the averages of Rx QualUL or RxQualDL(N), the number meeting the above formula is
beyond P, then UL/DL quality handover can be established. HoULQualTrs and HoDlQualThs are the
thresholds of UL and DL, both their default value is 4.

43
Target cells for quality handover must meet the two principles listed below:
1. AvRxLevNCell(n) > RXLEV_MIN(n) + MAX(0,(MS_TXPWR_MAX(n)- P(n)))
AvRxLevNcell (N): adjacent cell DL strength average
RXLEV_MIN(N): minimum level required by incoming handover to the adjacent cell
MS_TXPWR_MAX(n): max power of MS allowed in the adjacent cell
P(n): power capacity of MS in the adjacent cell
2. AvRxLevNCell(n) > AvRxLevDL + HO_MARGIN_QUAL(n)
AvRxLevNCell(n): adjacent cell DL strength average
AvRxLevDL: the current MS DL strength average
HO_MARGIN_QUAL(n): quality handover threshold
The adjacent cell can become a target cell only when its level is larger than the minimum receiving level set in the adjacent
cell and larger than the sum of quality handover threshold and the current cell’s DL level.

44
3. UL/DL Level Handover
Penalty on handover failure ：
PenaltyCount <=3 ;

Submit average Within Tmirco ：

1： AvRxLevNCell ( n ) > Causes : UL / DL
values after AvRxLevelUL =< HoU upper layer - > same
RXLEV_ MIN ( n ) + quality handover
preprocess/ Submit lLevThs layer - > lower layer
MAX( 0 , ( MS_ TXPWR_MAX( V 2: C 116104
measurement report AvRxLevelDL = < Tmirco overtimes ：
n ) - P ( n ))) C 116105
if no preprocess is HoDlLevThs same layer - > upper
2： AvRxLevNCell ( n ) > C 10802
performed N/P layer - > lower layer
AvRxLevDL + C 10803
HO_ MARGIN_ LEVEL( n ) C 10812
C 10813
100% ordering
according to the load of C 10822
the target cell (enabling C 10823
the dynamic priority)
V 3: C 90006000082
C 90006000083
C 90006000224
Dynamic priority
C 90006000225
C 90106000002
C 90106000003
C 90106000025
Power budget C 90106000026
margin C 90106000048
C 90106000049

45
Make judgment according to the following formulas:
AvRxLevelUL<HoUlLevThs
AvRxLevelDL< HoDlLevThs
If among the averages of AvRxLevelUL or AvRxLevelDL (N), the number of which meeting
the above formula is beyond P, then UL/DL level handover can be established. HoUlLevThs
and HoDlLevThs are the thresholds of UL and DL handover, both their default value is 15.

46
Target cells for level handover must meet the two principles listed below:
AvRxLevNcell (N): adjacent cell DL strength average
RXLEV_MIN(N): minimum level required by incoming handover to the adjacent cell
MS_TXPWR_MAX(n): max power of MS allowed in the adjacent cell
P(n): power capacity of MS in the adjacent cell
2. AvRxLevNCell(n) > AvRxLevDL + HO_MARGIN_LEVEL(n)
AvRxLevNCell(n): adjacent cell DL strength average
AvRxLevDL: serving MS DL strength average
HO_MARGIN_LEVEL(n): level handover threshold
The adjacent cell can become a target cell only when its level is larger than the minimum receiving level set in the
adjacent cell and larger than the sum of level handover threshold and the serving cell’s DL level.

47
3. PBGT Handover
Penalty on handover failure ：
PenaltyCount <=3 ;
Process Judge whether to Start handover

Select target cells Order target cells
measurement report start handover N/P
If handover triggered
Submit average 1 . AvRxlev _ DL<= Pb within time on Tmirco ,

1 : AvRxLevNCell ( n ) >
select upper layer Handover causes ：
values after gtHoStartThs RXLEV_ MIN ( n ) +
only ; PBGT handover
preprocess/ Submit 2 The
. intra-layer or inter-
MAX( 0 , ( MS_ TXPWR_MAX(
layer handover delay times If handover triggered V 2: C 116109
measurement report n ) - P ( n )))
out: C 10807
after Tmirco
if no preprocess is 2 : PBGT( n ) >
overtimes , queue C 10817
performed PBGT( n ) - HO_ MARGIN( n )
Meeting the requirements of target cells according C 10827
HoMargin ( n ) > 0 3:
The inter-layer layers and bands to PBGTHoLayer
3. 4 : The inter-layer PBGT
handover lag time V 3: C 90006000090
parameters ;
does not time out: handover is performed within
the inter-layer handover lag If all conditions C 90006000232
PBGT( n ) -
time. satisfied , according C 90106000010
PbgtHoParam_ 1&2 - PBGT( n ) _ new= PBGT( n ) -
to the sequence of C 90106000033
HoMargin ( n ) > 0 PbgtHoParam_ 1&2
same layer - > upper C 90106000056
layer - > lower layer
Filtering the load of the

target cell (enabling
the dynamic priority)
Dynamic priority
Power budget
margin
48
Make judgment according to the following formulas :
1. AvRxLev_DL  PbgtHoStartThs
2. Lag time for PBGT between different layers (PbgtHoParam_0) times out:
PBGT(n)-HO_MARGIN(n)>0
3. Lag time for PBGT between different layers (PbgtHoParam_0) does not time out:
PBGT(n)-PbgtHoParam_1&2-HoMargin(n) >0
•AvRxLev_DL: the average DL RxLev of the serving cell
•PbgtHoStartThs: the PBGT handover start threshold of the serving cell
•HO_MARGIN(n): the PBGT handover threshold
•PbgtHoParam_0: lag time for PBGT handovers between different layers
•PbgtHoParam_1&2: the temporary inter-layer (upper and lower layers) PBGT handover offset
PBGT(n)=AvRxLev_Ncell(n)-[AvRxLev_DL+nPb]
nPb=BsTxPwrMax-BsCurrentTxPwr

49
The target cells for PBGT handover must meet the following four principles:
2. PBGT(n) > HO_MARGIN(n)
• HO_MARGIN(n): PBGT handover threshold
3. Meeting the requirements of layers and bands
4. The inter-layer PBGT handover being performed within the inter-layer handover lag time PBGT(n)_new=PBGT(n)-
PbgtHoParam_1&2
A temporary offset should be added to the PBGT(n) parameter when the inter-layer PBGT handover (whether the control
by the PBGTHoLayer parameter is allowed) is performed, so that the PBGT handover can be performed at a same layer.
Only when the RxLev of the inter-layer neighbor cell is sufficient can the inter-layer PBGT handover be performed.

50
3. Macro-Micro Handover
Penalty on failure handover
PenaltyCount <=3 ;

Within Tmicro ,
Submit average 1 . AvRxlev _ DL<=Ma 1： AvRxLevNCell ( n ) > no handover Cause ： macro -
values after croMicroStarThs RXLEV_ MIN ( n ) + triggered ; after micro ( delay )
preprocess/ Submit 2. AvRxLevel ( n ) > = MAX( 0 , ( MS_ TXPWR_MAX( Tmicro
measurement report handover
MacroMicroHoThs ; n ) - P ( n ))) overtimes ,
if no preprocess is V 2: C 116113
N 2： layer relation choose lower
performed C 10811
between adjacent layer only
C 10821
cells （ NcellLayer ）
C 10831
is Lower
Filtering the load of the
target cell (enabling
the dynamic priority) V 3: C 90106000013
C 90106000036
C 90106000059
Dynamic priority
Power budget
margin

51
Make handover judgment according to the following formula:
AvRxLev_DL<=MacroMicroStarThs
AvRxLevel(n)>= MacroMicroHoThs
If number of consecutive values of AvRxLevel satisfying the above formula reaches N,
macro-micro handover can be set up

52
The target cells for Macro-Micro handover must meet the following 2 principles:
2. Layer relation between adjacent cells (NcellLayer) is Lower.
NcellLayer: a parameter in adjacent cell handover and reselection; it shows the layer relation between the serving cell and
the adjacent cell.
The adjacent cell can be target cell when its level is higher than the minimum receiving level set for adjacent cells..

53
Handover related parameters baseline for True , refer to attachment below:

54
Thank you

GSM Basic Function Introduction

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GSM Basic Function Introduction

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GSM system functions introduction

Some preconditions should be satisfied in order to realize the reselections

 Configuration of the external inter-rat cells and neighbor cells;

 Configuration of reselection parameters;

 Sending of SI2QUART message by BSS;

 The user has subscribed to both the 2G/3G/4G networks

 Meet the criteria for ranking and priority based algorithm.

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algorithm GSM to UMTS cell re-selection will be used.

suitable non-serving GSM cells by the value FDD_Qoffset,

its measured RSCP value is equal to or greater than FDD_RSCP_threshold.

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© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

In addition to the criteria above, conditions below should be met:

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 UTRAN ：measured RSCP minus UTRAN_QRXLEVMIN

 E-UTRAN ：measured RSRP value minus E-UTRAN_QRXLEVMIN

For a GSM cell, S_GSM is defined as the C1

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Parameter name Description Range

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HysteresisofPRiority Hysteresis of priority reselection algorithm 0:rule disabled;1:5dB;2:4dB;3:3dB 0

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TCH Channel Release TCH Channel Release

Cell Selection in GSM

LAU and RAU in GSM

3G or 4G neighbor cell 3G or 4G neighbor cell

Cell Re-selection to 3G or Cell Re-selection to 3G or

LAU and RAU in 3G or No LAU and RAU in 3G

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0:Channel Release without E-UTRAN Neighbour Cell

0:Channel Release without UTRAN Neighbour Cell

0:Prefer E-Utran TDD neighbour cell

QSearchC QSearchC 0:15

PREPARE HANDOVER HANDOVER REQUIRED

RELOCATION DETECT PROCESS SIGNALLING

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I. Basic concept of ZTE system handover

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Functions of HO include but not limited to the following,

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Handover flow after preprocess /

Judge handover in order

Principles for ordering

Filtering or ordering according to the

Ordering of target Start handover

Try to avoid too many handover failures

2 . Avoid ping-pong handovers. Do not initiate

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© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

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ZTE layer definition

1 Same layer of the home cell

2 Upper layer of the home cell

3 Lower layer of the home cell

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© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved