Nov.

2011

Huawei eRAN6.0
MIMO Feature Introduction

LTE Solution Design Department 文雪 55738 www.huawei.com

Node B Products of Huawei

Apr. 2006

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Content

 MIMO Background
 DL MIMO
 UL MIMO

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 2

Content

 MIMO Background
 DL MIMO
 UL MIMO

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 3

MIMO in LTE Rel-8 - Outline

 Antenna Configuration
 Transmit Diversity
 Spatial Multiplexing
 MU-MIMO

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 4

Antenna configuration

 DL For DL ： 4x2 stands for 4 transmit antennas at eNB side and

2 receive antennas at UE side
 1×2 （ 4 ）
 2×2 （ 4 ）
 4×2 （ 4 ）
 UL
For UL ： 1x2 stands for 1 transmit antenna at UE side and 2
 1×2 （ 4 ） receive antennas at eNB side

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 5

Transmit diversity

 2 Tx SFBC
 4 Tx SFBC+FSTD

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 6

Transmit diversity

sub-carrier
 2 Tx case
SFBC  x1 x2 
 * 
  x x*  antenna
 2 1 

 4 Tx case sub-carrier

 x1 x2 0 0 
 
SFBC+FSTD
 0 0 x3 x4 
 *  antenna
 x
 2 1 x *
0 0 
 0 0 x x * *
 4 3

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 7

Spatial Multiplexing
 The general framework for SU-MIMO
 Basic concepts---codeword, layer, antenna ports
 Rank adaptation
 Codeword to layer mapping
 Layer to physical antennas mapping (precoding)
 CDD precoding combined with codebook based precoding
 UE feedback for MIMO

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 8

 Framework for SU-MIMO

 Codeword is the output of layer 2 transport block (TBS) after processing defined in TS 36.212 and
the input of layer 1 scrambling of PDSCH defined in TS 36.211. In LTE, the maximum number of
codeword is 2 for both 2 and 4 transmit antenna cases.
 Layer is defined as a spatial stream. The number of layer can be equal or smaller than the rank.
 Antenna port is specified via reference signal pattern. Not equal to physical antenna.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 9

Rank adaptation
 Rank adaptation is supported in LTE.
 Rank adaptation means that rank (the value of layer) is varied accord
ing to the channel situation.
 Because the rank deficit would impact on the performance of multiple
antenna system, rank adaptation is necessary in order to better match
the link. Actually rank adaptation belongs to link adaptation.
 In low SNR, UE might not be able to support multiple stream transmiss
ion.
 2×2 rank could be 1, 2;
 4×2 rank could be 1, 2;
 4×4 rank could be 1, 2, 3, 4
 UE feedback rank to Node B.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 10

Codeword to layer mapping

rank number of codeword Codeword to layer mapping

1 1 one to one

2 2 codeword 1 to layer 1
codeword 2 to layer 2

3 2 codeword 1 to layer 1
codeword 2 to layer 2,3

4 2 codeword 1 to layer 1,2

codeword 2 to layer 3,4

2 1 codeword 1 to layer 1,2

(only for 4 transmit antenna case ）

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 11

Precoding

 The mapping from layer to physical antennas is done via prec

oding.
 Linear and unitary precoding is used.
 For FDD, codebook based precoding is adopted.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 12

Precoding
 The codebook for 2 antennas

Codebook
index Number of layers

1 2

1 1 1 1 0
0   
2 1 2 0 1 

1 1 1 1 1 
1    
2 1 2 1 1

1 1  1 1 1 
2    
2  j  j
2  j

1 1
3   -
2  j 

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 13

 Large delay CDD precoding for open-loop

y ( i )  W ( i ) D ( i )U x ( i )

 W (i ) is the precoding matrix selected from codebook.

 D(i ) is the diagonal delay matrix .
 U is a fixed unitary matrix for a certain rank
 The purpose of large delay CDD precoding and unitary matrix is to make radio
condition of each layer to be equal which can reduce uplink feedback signal
ing. At the same time, large delay CDD precoding could make the measured CQI
robust
 For closed-loop precoding, there is no delay matrix nor unitary matrix.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 14

The values of delay in CDD precoding
Large delay CDD precoding ( i denotes the sub-carrier index)

Rank U(i) D(i)

1 1 1
1 1  1 0 
2 1 e  j 2 2  0 e  j 2i 2 
   

1 1 1  1 0 0 
3 1 e  j 2 3
e  j 4 3  0 e  j 2i 3 
   0 
1 e  j 4 3
e  j 8 3
 0 0 e  j 4i 3 

1 1 1 1  1 0 0 0 
1 e  j 2 4  0 e  j 2i 4 0 
4  j 4 4  j 6
4  e e  0

1 e  j 4 4
e  j 8 4
e  j12  4
 0 0 e  j 4i 4
0 
  j 6 4   j 6i 4 
1 e
4
e  j12 4
e  j18  0 0 0 e 

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 15

MU-MIMO
 Multiple users simultaneously occupy the same time frequency reso
urces at a given time instant.
 UL MU-MIMO(V-MIMO)
 N UEs are chosen by eNodeB to transmit on the same time frequency res
ource to form a NxM V-MIMO, M is the number of eNB receive antennas i
n the uplink.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 16

Cell specific RS
 CRS
 Transmit in all downlink sub-frame for unicast

 Mainly used for CQI estimation

• CQI estimation is based on CRS

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 17

Content

 MIMO Background
 DL MIMO
 UL MIMO

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 18

Huawei MIMO Feature Roadmap Released

Planned

Planning

DL 2x2 SU-MIMO DL 2x2 SU-MIMO TM9 4x2 SU-MIMO TM9 4x4 SU-MIMO Rel-10 4T MIMO
• OL rank adaptation • OL rank adaptation (Test Feature) (Test Feature) package
• CL rank adaptation • CL rank adaptation • Support SU-MIMO • Support SU-MIMO up
• OL/CL rank • OL/CL rank up to 2 layers to 2 layers MU-MIMO (Test
adaptation adaptation • Support CSI-RS up • Support UE-specific
to 4 ports RS up to 4 ports
Feature)
• Support UE-specific
DL 4x2 SU-MIMO DL 4x2 SU-MIMO
RS up to 2 ports
• OL rank adaptation • OL rank adaptation • Support 4 antenna
• CL rank adaptation • CL rank adaptation codebook based
• OL/CL rank • OL/CL rank precoding
adaptation adaptation • Support PDCCH
signaling PDCCH
4x4 SU-MIMO 4x4 SU-MIMO format 2C
• OL rank adaptation • OL rank adaptation • Support TM9
corresponding CQI
mode configuration
UL 1x2 UL 1x2 • Support TM9 Power
• RxD • RxD Control
• V-MIMO • V-MIMO • Support semi-
persistent
UL 1x4 UL 1x4 scheduling under
• RxD • RxD TM9 mode
• V-MIMO • V-MIMO • Support TM9
transmission on
MBSFN subframe
IRC IRC

eRAN2.2 eRAN3.0 eRAN6.0 eRAN6.1 eRAN6.0

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

 DL MIMO Principle – Transmission Scheme

TxD OL-SM CL-SM BF(TDD)

Low channel quality; moving UE Good channel quality; moving UE Good/Low channel quality; static UE Good/Low channel quality; static UE

Transmit differently Transmit

Transmitparallel
paralleldata Transmit
Transmitparallel
paralleldata • Transmit
Transmitone
oneor
ortwo
• • • •
• Transmit differently • data • data two
coded streams through the streams through the
codedversion
versionofofthe
the streams through the streams through the data
datastreams
streamsthrough
through
same Tx antennas Tx antennas
samesymbol
symbol Tx antennas Tx antennas the Tx antennas
the Tx antennas
• Tx signal processing • No PMI feedback • Need to feedback PMI
• No
NoPMI
PMIfeedback
• Tx signal processing • No PMI feedback • Need to feedback PMI •
according to (2Tx) • Tx signal processing • Tx signal processing
feedback
according to (2Tx) Tx signal processing Tx signal processing • Tx
Txsignal
signalprocessing
• • •
according to according
processing
according to accordingtoto according
accordingtoto
 y(0) (2i)  1 0 j  
0Rex(0) (i) 
 (1) 
 y (2i)   1 0
 1 0

 
jRex(1) (i) 
  y (0) (i)   x (0) (i)   y (0) (i)   x (0) (i) 
 y (0) (i)   x (0) (i) 
 
       
y(0) (2i 1) 2 0 1 0 jImx(0) (i)      W (i) D(i)U        W (i)      
 (1)       V  
y (2i 1)

1 0 j  
0Imx(1) (i) 
 y ( P1) (i)
 
 x ( 1) (i )
 
 y ( P1) (i)
 
 x ( 1) (i)
   y ( P1) (i)
 
 x( 1) (i)
 

U: unitary matrix
D(i): diagonal matrix containing
phase rotation elements
W(i) depending on:
 A predefined precoding matrix
for 2 antenna ports
 Cyclling of four predefined
precoding matrices for 4
antenna ports

Tx Rx
Tx Rx

UE measure the channel and

eNB derives the BF vector through
feedback the PMI (precoding matrix
the channel reciprocity (for TDD
index) W(i) to eNB
only)
Tx Rx
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page
Page 20 20
Tx Rx
DL MIMO Principle – OL&CL codebook

For open-loop use

For closed-loop use

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 21

DL MIMO Principle – Transmission mode (TM)

BF(TDD)

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 22

Feature – TM adaptation

 Description
 Adapt MIMO mode to UE mobility and
radio environment
 With considerations on system
configuration, UE categories, CSI
information, etc. Open-loop spatial
Transmit diversity
multiplexing
(TM2)
(TM3)
 Benefits
 Improve the system average data rate
Adaptive
 Improve the cell edge data rate switching

 Dependency & applied Closed-loop Closed-loop spatial

rank-1 precoding
scenario multiplexing
(TM6) (TM4)
 Multiple transmit antennas required
for eNB and UE
FDD TM Full Adaptation
 FDD/TDD system (adapation within
different MIMO modes set)

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 23

Feature – TM adaptation procedure

Start

Sub-feature 1 OL Adaptation
OL Adaptation
#antenna ports >1?
OLTxD  OL SM

Yes Sub-feature 2 CL Adaptation

CL Adaptation

CL TxD  CL SM
#antenna ports > 2
and TDD
Sub-feature 3 OL/CL Adaptation
OL/CL Adaptation

Yes OL TxD&SM  CL
No TxD&SM
No
BF switch on? No

Yes

MIMO&BF mode MIMO mode

TM 1
TM 2/3/7/8 TM 2/3/4/6

End

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 24

Feature – OL/CL adaptation

 Description
 Adapt between open loop and closed
loop mode

X O
 Benefits
 Explore throughput gain from closed Open loop MIMO Closed loop MIMO
loop in cost of feedback overhead
 While maintaining the robust to channel
variation (high speed) Throughput

 Dependency & applied Closed loop MIMO

scenario
Open loop MIMO
 Accurate CQI/PMI/RI feedback1
 The scenario where closed loop has
performance gain over open loop2

mobile speed

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page25

Page 25
Key Parameters – DL TM adaptation
Id Name Description Range Recommended MML
Value
MimoAdaptiveS MIMO adaptive Indicates the type of adaptive MIMO for a No_Adaptive,OL_Adaptive,CL OL_Adaptive MOD
witch switch multi-antenna eNodeB. _Adaptive,OC_Adaptive MIMOADAPTIVEPARACFG
LST MIMOADAPTIVEPARACFG

FixedMimoMod FIixed Mimo Indicates the fixed MIMO mode for a multi- TM2,TM3,TM4,TM6 TM3 MOD
e Mode antenna eNodeB. This parameter is valid only MIMOADAPTIVEPARACFG
when MimoAdaptiveSwitch is set to LST MIMOADAPTIVEPARACFG
NO_ADAPTIVE

SrsCfgInd SRS Configuration This parameter is used for cell SRS BOOLEAN_FALSE, BOOLEAN_TRUE MOD SRSCFG
configuration where BOOLEAN_FALSE BOOLEAN_TRUE LST SRSCFG
indicate that cell SRS is OFF and
BOOLEAN_TRUE indicate cell SRS is ON. If
MimoAdaptiveSwith is configured with
OC_Adaptive. This parameter needs to be
configured with BOOLEAN_TRUE ahead.

MaxMimoRank maximum number This parameter Indicates the maximum SW_MAX_SM_RANK_1, SW_MAX_SM_RAN MOD CELLDLSCHALGO
SW_MAX_SM_RANK_2,
Para of MIMO layers number of layers (the rank) in the SW_MAX_SM_RANK_4 K_2 LST CELLDLSCHALGO
implementation of multiple-input multiple-
output (MIMO) in DL scheduling.
.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 26

Simulation Assumption

• 19x3 macro cells

• 2GHz
• 10MHz
• ISD = 500/1732m (case 1,2,3)
• 4Tx at eNB x-pol, 0.5 lamda
• 2/4Rx at UE x-pol, 0.5 lamda
• Antenna type: 3D
• Linear receiver
• Ideal channel estimation

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 27

MIMO Gain Comparison （ eRAN3.0 ）

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 28

Content

 MIMO Background
 DL MIMO
 UL MIMO

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 29

UL 4-Antenna Receive Diversity

Feature
For UL 4-Antenna Receive Diversity,
eNodeB should have 4 antennas per
sector for receiving, while there is no
special requirements on UEs.

4-Antenna
Receivers/sector
Benefits
This feature can improve the receiver
sensitivity and uplink coverage.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 30

Uplink MU-MIMO

 Support of uplink MU-MIMO and implemented user pairing algorithm

 Uplink MU-MIMO is supported to increase UL capacity
 Uplink MU-MIMO can be opened or closed by a switch
 Maximun two UE is allowed to be paired on the same time-frequency resource
 User pairing algorithm
 Uplink MU-MIMO can be used under scenario of large number of users where there are
remaining users for scheduling but there is no uplink resource and also scenario of small
number of users where there are remaining uplink resource.
MU-MIMO
START Pairing

Judgment per TTI

Large number of user • Find the first unpaired user
scenario or small with SINR and bandwidth
number of user qualified for MU-MIMO
scenario.
• If spectral efficiency after
pairing is larger than a
predefined threshold, then
pairing success, otherwise,
fails.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 31

Key Parameters – UL V-MIMO
Id Name Description Range Recommended MML
Value
UlSchSwitch Uplink schedule Indicates the switches related to uplink (UL) SpsSchSwitch, UlVmimoSwitch:O MOD
ff
switch scheduling in the cell. The switches are used to SinrAdjustSwitch, CELLALGOSWITCH
enable or disable specific UL scheduling functions. PreAllocationSwitch, LST CELLALGOSWITCH
UlVmimoSwitch

SrsCfgInd SRS Configuration This parameter is used for cell SRS configuration where BOOLEAN_FALSE, BOOLEAN_TRUE MOD SRSCFG
BOOLEAN_FALSE indicate that cell SRS is OFF and BOOLEAN_TRUE LST SRSCFG
BOOLEAN_TRUE indicate cell SRS is ON. If
UlVmimoSwitch is configured ON. This parameter needs
to be configured with BOOLEAN_TRUE ahead.

MrcIrcAdptSwitc MRC/IRC Indicates the switch used to enable or disable DISABLE, ENABLE ENABLE MOD
h adaptation switch MRC/IRC adaptation on PUSCHs CELLALGOSWITCH
LST CELLALGOSWITCH

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 32

MIMO Gain Comparison
 Performance gain of 2x4 MU-MIMO vs 4R receive diversity

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 33

MIMO Feature Deployment
• Many factors to be consider, not only performance issue
 Frequency band
 Antenna number available
 Operator cost and environment
 Performance of different MIMO technique
 Terminal,….
• Example of Canada Bell

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 34

Question
• Types of DL MIMO antenna configuration?
• How many MIMO modes defined in LTE Rel-8?
• Is antenna port number equal to antenna number?
• Difference between OL and CL MIMO?
• What is the default configuration for DL MIMO?
• What is the default configuration for V-MIMO?
• What is problem of 4T application in downlink?

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 35

 Thank You

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential Page 36