NAME:NORSHAHIDAH ZAINAL

STUDENT ID:SD012017 04 002565

SUBJECT:MCH
ACADEMIC FACILATOR: Ms. ROSMARINA BT SEKOF
 DEFINITION
 Anaemia is less haemoglobin than normal in each
red blood cell.
 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
• This condition occurs when you don’t have enough red blood
cells to carry oxygen to tissues in your body.

• When you lack sufficient red blood cells to move oxygen

throughout your body, it has an impact on your organs and
bodily functions.

• Mild anemia may make you feel exhausted, but it can become
serious if it becomes too severe or is left untreated.

• In fact, anemia during pregnancy can lead to premature birth and

low birth weight for your baby, and even maternal mortality.
SIGN AND SYMPTOM
• Weakness or fatigue

• Dizziness

• Shortness of breath

• Rapid or irregular heartbeat

• Chest Pain

• Pale skin, lips, and nails

• Cold hands and feet

• Trouble concentrating
CAUSES
• Low vegetable consumption and low vitamin B12 intake

• Chronic blood loss-Haemorroid,GI bleeding

• Haematological conditions-Leukamia

-Sickel cell disease

-Thalasemia

• Infection-HIV,malaria

RISK FACTOR
• Pregnancy

• Multiple pregnancy

• Nutritional inadequency

• People who donate blood frequently

DIAGNOSTIC
• A simple blood test can measure the amount of haemoglobin in
your blood and count the number of red blood cells per millilitre
(ml).

TREATMENT
• taking a tablet of folic acid (folate) each day

• Eating well while pregnant

• ANC
 PATIENT PARTICULAR
1.MEDICAL RECORD:125244
VITAL SIGNS:
2.NAME:HALIPAH BT NASIR
B/P:115/67mmHg
3.GENDER:FEMALE PR:76bpm
RR:20bpm
4.AGE:39 YEARS OLD
TEMP:36C
5.ETHNIC:MALAY

6.OCCUPATION:HOUSEWIFE

7.OBSTESTRIC SCORE :G8 P7

8.WEIGHT:58.9KG HEIGHT:149.8CM BMI:25.7

9.DIAGNOSIS:ANAEMIA DURING PREGNANCY

 CHIEF COMPLAINT

Easy fatigability since 2 month.

 PERSONAL HISTORY
Do not have any past medical
Past medical history(PMHx):
history

Past Surgical History(PSHx): Do not have any past surgical history

Drug history: Oral contraceptive pill usage in 2014

Live with husbands and children

Social history:
Non smoker,non alcoholic
Family History: Do not have any history of DM,HPT
Age of menarche-13 years old
Mensrtual history: Cycle-Regular 30 cycles with flow
lasting 5 days,normal quantity,no
pain or passing of clots
 PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
Head to Toe(oral,throat,ear,eye and
nasal):
 BREAST:Nipple is normal,no
lump
 ORAL:Normally distributed
teeth,absense of halitosis,tougue
is coated
 THROAT:No swelling or
inflammation
 EAR:Ears are
symmentrical,absence of
discharge,hearing is normal
 EYE:Vision is normal,sclera and
conjunctiva normal
 NASAL:No discharge present
 LOWER LIMB:No edema

ABDOMEN  No scar over the abdomen

 Fundus heigth 25cm
 No abnormalities noted
 INVESTIGATION
DATE HB DATE BP
7/8 10.6 7/8 107/64mmHg
6/9 9.7 6/9 100/60mmHg
20/9 9.9 20/9 108/67mmHg
4/10 10
4/10 115/67mmHg
 MANAGEMENT

 Continue ANC
 Continue haematinics
 Dietary changes
 Review HB
 HEALTH EDUCATION
 Educate to improve over all dietary intakes and promote consumption of
iron.
 Avoid taking tobaco,tea,coffee
 Advice mother to follow up according to schedule of ANC that
mentioned before.
 Advice mother if any danger signs appear immediately go to hospital.
 Avoid heavy work(especially lifting heavy weight)
 Educated the family planning service
SUMMARY
 REFERENCES
 https://patient.info/health/anaemia-leaflet
 https://www.healthline.com/health/pregnancy/iron-
deficiency-anemia
 https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-
lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-
depth/anemia-during-pregnancy/art-20114455
 http://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/anaemia-in-
pregnancy