Package and Some Classes
Declaration of Package
Usage of Package
Package of Java Language
What is Package ?
Way to group a related class and interface into
one unit
To resolve the name conflicts between class
names
Declaration of Package
package PackageName ;
Declare at the beginning of source file
[[Link]], [[Link]]
MyTest
Prints
[Link] [Link]
Usage of Package
Use of absolute path name
Declare to describe the full package name
To resolve conflicts between class names
[Link].Print1 m1;
[Link].Print2 m2;
[[Link]]
Use of import Statement
import [Link] ;
Include all the classes in package
import packageName.*;
import [Link].*;
[[Link]]
[Link] Package
Basic class to enlarge the function of Java
Provide classes according to primitive type
(wrapper class)
Integer class, Double class,. ..
[Link] Class
Object
Wrapper Class
Number System
Character String
Integer
Long Boolean StringBuffer
Float
Double
Object Class
Super class of all classes
All classes are to inherit the methods of Object class
Method
Object clone() : To copy the object equally
boolean equals(Object obj) :
Compare the object as parameter with the object which calls this method
int hashCode() : Calculate the hash code value of the object
Class getClass() : To get Class object corresponding to object
String toString() : Convert the object into string
[Ex 8.5]
wait(), notify() : To control the status of thread
Wrapper Class
Classes correspond to primitive type
int -> Integer, char -> Character, double -> Double
Reasons
Role of home for constants and methods for each type
When we need to deal with primitive type as object
Number Class
Abstract Class
Super Class of Integer, Long, Float, Double
Method
abstract int intValue() : Convert into int type
abstract long longValue() : Convert into long type
abstract float floatValue() : Convert into float type
abstract double doubleValue() : Convert into double type
Integer Class
Constant
public static final int MAX_VALUE = 2147483647
public static final int MIN_VALUE = -2147483648
Method
static int parseInt(String s) :
Convert a Number in String into int type
static int parseInt(String s , int radix) :
Convert a number in String into int type with radix
static String toBinaryString(int i) :
Convert into binary string form
static String toHexString(int i) :
Convert into hexadecimal string form
Integer Class
[[Link]]
[Link](s); As it is static
[Link](i); method...
...
Double Class
Constant
public static final double MAX_VALUE
=1.79769313486231570e+308
public static final double MIN_VALUE =
4.94065645841246544e-308
public static final double NaN = 0.0 / 0.0
public static final double NEGATIVE_INFINITY = -1.0 / 0.0
public static final double POSITIVE_INFINITY = 1.0 / 0.0
Double Class
the parameter is NaN or not.
static boolean isInfinite(double v) :
Check whether the parameter is infinite or not.
static Double valueOf(String s) : Method
static long doubleToLongBits(double value) :
Convert the bits represented by double type into long type bit
pattern
static boolean isNaN(double v) :
Check whether
Convert String into Double type
Boolean Class
Constant
public static final Boolean TRUE = new Boolean(true)
public static final Boolean FALSE = new Boolean(false)
Method
Boolean(boolean b) :
Constructor to create boolean object receiving the initial value b
Boolean(String s) :
Constructor to receive the string value "true“ or "false“
boolean booleanValue() :
Return the boolean value of object
static boolean getBoolean(String name) :
Return the boolean value of system attribute
static Boolean valueOf(String s) :
Return the Boolean value correspond to string s
Character Class
Constant
public static final int MAX_RADIX = 36
public static final char MAX_VALUE =‘\ffff’
public static final int MIN_RADIX = 2
public static final char MIN_VALUE =’\0000’
Method
Character(char value) : Constructor to initialize the object as value
char charValue() : Convert into char type
static boolean isDigit(char ch) : Test whether is digit?
static boolean isLetter(char ch) : Test whether is letter?
static boolean isLetterOrDigit(char ch) : Return when it is letter or
digit.
[[Link]]
String Class
Method
char charAt(int index) :
Return the character at specific position in string
int length() :
Return the length of string
String toUpperCase() :
Convert the string into upper character
String toLowerCase() :
Convert the string into lower character
String trim() :
Remove the white space before/after string
String substring(int beginIndex) :
Make the sub string from beginIndex to the end of the string
StringBuffer Class
Provide the string sequence operation
Method
StringBuffer append(Type obj) :
Append the obj(to be changed into string) to string
StringBuffer insert(int offset, Type obj) :
Insert obj(to be changed into string) into specified position
Object String char[]
boolean char int
long float double
StringBuffer Class
String now = new [Link]().toString();
StringBuffer strbuf = new StringBuffer(now);
[Link](" : ").append([Link]).append('.');
[Link]([Link]());
System Class
Class for Java Virtual Machine and the control and
security for OS system
Define the standard input and output
Field
public static InputStream in :
Stream to read data from standard input device
public static PrintStream out :
Stream to output data to standard output device
public static PrintStream err :
Standard Error Stream to output error message
[Link]
We will be creating an object of Vector class and
performs various operation like adding, removing etc.
Vector class extendsAbstractList and
implements List, RandomAccess, Cloneable,
Serializable.
The size of a vector increase and decrease
according to the program.
Vector is synchronized.
Methods in Vector
add(Object o): It adds the element in the end
of the Vector
size(): It gives the number of element in the
vector.
elementAt(int index): It returns the element
at the specified index.
firstElement(): It returns the first element of
the vector.
lastElement(): It returns last element.
removeElementAt(int index): It deletes the
element from the given index.
Methods in Vector class
elements(): It returns an enumeration of the
element
In this example we have also
used Enumeration interface to retrieve the
value of a vector. Enumerationinterface has
two methods.
hasMoreElements(): It checks if this
enumeration contains more elements or not.
nextElement(): It checks the next element of
the enumeration.
import [Link].*;
public class VectorDemo{
public static void main(String[] args){
Vector<Object> vector = new Vector<Object>();
int primitiveType = 10;
Integer wrapperType = new Integer(20);
String str = "tapan joshi";
[Link](primitiveType);
[Link](wrapperType);
[Link](str);
[Link](2, new Integer(30));
[Link]("the elements of vector: " + vector);
[Link]("The size of vector are: " + [Link]());
[Link]("The elements at position 2 is: " + [Link](2));
[Link]("The first element of vector is: " + [Link]());
[Link]("The last element of vector is: " + [Link]());
[Link](2);
Enumeration e=[Link]();
[Link]("The elements of vector: " + vector);
while([Link]()){
[Link]("The elements are: " + [Link]());
}
}
}
Example on Stack class
import [Link].*;
public class StackDemo{
public static void main(String[] args) {
Stack stack=new Stack();
[Link](new Integer(10));
[Link]("a");
[Link]("The contents of Stack is" + stack);
[Link]("The size of an Stack is" + [Link]());
[Link]("The number poped out is" + [Link]());
[Link]("The number poped out is " + [Link]());
//[Link]("The number poped out is" + [Link]());
[Link]("The contents of stack is" + stack);
[Link]("The size of an stack is" + [Link]());
}
}
Example on Scanner class
import [Link];
public class ScannerDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner([Link]);
// Read string input for username
[Link]("Username: ");
String username = [Link]();
// Read string input for password
[Link]("Password: ");
String password = [Link]();
// Read an integer input for another challenge
[Link]("What is 2 + 2: ");
int result = [Link]();
if ([Link]("admin") && [Link]("secret") &&
result == 4) {
[Link]("Welcome to Java Application");
} else {
[Link]("Invalid username or password, access
denied!");
}
}
}
Example on Date Class
import [Link].*;
public class DateDemo{
public static void main(String[] args) {
Date d=new Date();
[Link]("Today date is "+ d);
}
}
[Link]
Example on File
import [Link].*;
class FileWrite
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
try{
// Create file
FileWriter fstream = new FileWriter("[Link]",true);
BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter(fstream);
[Link]("Hello Java");
//Close the output stream
[Link]();
}catch (Exception e){//Catch exception if any
[Link]("Error: " + [Link]());
}
}
}
[Link] class
BufferedReader class
Return
Method Description
Type
read( ) int Reads a single character
read(char[] cbuf, int off, Read characters into a portion of an
int
int len) array.
Read a line of text. A line is
readLine( ) String
considered to be terminated by ('\n').
close( ) void Closes the opened stream.
import [Link].*;
public class ReadStandardIO{
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{
InputStreamReader inp = new InputStreamReader([Link])
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(inp);
[Link]("Enter text : ");
String str = [Link]();
[Link]("You entered String : ");
[Link](str);
}
}
