MAKING INFERENCES &

DRAWING CONCLUSIONS
ANALYZE CAREFULLY THE PICTURE AND
ANSWER THE QUESTIONS THAT FOLLOW.
INFERENCE
 An educated guess based on available facts
 An act of reasoning that leads to conclusion

 These given information can be extracted from

what you have read or observed.
INFERENCE
 The process of bringing or drawing judgments
from known facts
 A reasoning process which is simply the sequence
of drawing a consequent (conclusion) from an
antecedent or a combination of antecedents
(premises).
IT IS CRITICAL AND LOGICAL THINKING WHICH
INCLUDES:

 OBSERVATION: from observations, we

establish:
 FACTS: from facts, we make:
 INFERENCES: to test the validity of inference,
we make:
 OPINIONS: to make opinions credible and
acceptable, we employ principles of logic to
develop:
 ARGUMENTS: challenging arguments of
others, we use:
 CRITICAL ANALYSIS: to challenge the given
observations, facts, inferences, assumption and
opinions in the arguments
INFERENCE:
GOOD OR BAD?
 Good inferences are reasonable
and legitimate judgments that are
based on adequate evidence
 Bad inferences: those that are
illegitimate and unreasonable
judgments based on baseless
prejudice.
 Readers generally make inferences
about causes and effects,
purpose, and motive and
character
IDENTIFY WHETHER THE STATEMENT IS A
FACT OR AN INFERENCE

The security guard shot the burglar.

1. Kibitzers gathered around the crime
scene.
2. Onlookers were injured.
3. The burglar is dead.
4. The security guard discharged her duty very well.
5. The security guard took a shot.
6. The security guard was shot.
7. The victim alerted the security guard.
8. There is a burglar.
9. There is a gun.
10. There is a security guard.
CONCLUSION
 Comes from two Latin words, cum, meaning,
with; and claudere, meaning, “to close with
finality”.
 The process of inferential reasoning through
which decision or opinion is reached.
 It is drawing or reasoning new
proposition/statement from statement/premises.
 Drawing inference or drawing conclusion are not
distinct but complementary processes.