All-IP RAN Funcproducts

All-IP RAN interworking
• IP RAN supports
• Rel 99 Iu (for WCDMA and GERAN ),
• Rel 97/99 A and Gb/IP,
• Rel 99 Iur for WCDMA
• Rel 99 Iur-g for GERAN Rel'5
• Rel 97/99 terminals
--> Full interoperation with installed
networks
CN interface
Nokia All-IP RAN
UTRAN CRMS
BSS
Rel'99, RNGW
RNAS
any release
Rel4 CSGW
CRMS
RNC BSC
SMLC
Rel 99 Iur-g for

UTRAN GERAN
Iub Iur IP BTS
LMU SMLC
Rel'5 only Abis
OMS
1 © NOKIA FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

Optimized Traffic growth scenario
architecture/
products for
these worlds 2000
?
5.00
1800
4.50 Background
1600
4.00 Interactive
1400
3.50 Non-Realtime
1200 Streaming
3.00
Realtime 1000 Video calls
2.50
800 CS Data
2.00 Voice
1.50 600 Rich Call
1.00 400 IP Voice
0.50 200 CS Voice
0.00 0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
MBytes / user / day Bits/s BH / user
~60/20/20 % traffic
reference: best effort packet/
CS-voice/ RT packet data)
'application' bits over Air interface

Nokia distributed All-IP RAN architecture
Radio Common
NW O&M Radio
• Multiradio Access Serve Resource
architecture, with Upgrades to Server r Server
multimode All-IP BTS Nokia UltraSite A and Iu-cs
and MetroSite
• User plane and EDGE /
Control plane WCDMA Base
separated to allow Stations Nokia
optimised handling FlexiServer
Nokia CS Gateway
• Dynamic association
between BTS and
Radio Access Servers Gb
• Radio interface IP / ATM / MPLS transport
performance critical
functions located in
the BTS, close to Iu-ps
radio
Multimode Nokia RN
• Transport optimised All-IP Base Station
Gateway
by relocating GSM/EDGE/WCDMA WLAN
functionalities
Core Network Gateways Platform:
IuPS
IuPS Platform: IPA2800
Platform: Uplane Cplane
IP740 FlexiServe Iu-CS
r RNAS BSSAP/RANAP
A
RNGW: RAN relay
Gateway RNGW CSGW
Ctrl Ctrl RAN
RNAS: CSGW: Circuit
Access Switched
BSSAP' Server Gateway
Iu-PS / Ctr A/IP, Iu-CS/IP
Iu-PS BSGW RANAP UCF l BSGW
'
RNGW RNAS CSGW
RAN Gateway is the user Radio Network Access Server is Circuit Switched Gateway is the
plane gateway for IP the control plane gateway for user plane gateway for non IP
traffic. RAN-external signaling. traffic
• Micromobility anchor • Micromobility anchor for • ATM to IP interworking (Iu-CS
for Iu-PS Uplane Cplane (terminates the signaling and Iur, both Cplane and Uplane
• Firewall t.b.d. bearer connections, and relays L3 • PCM to IP Interworking (A,
messages) Uplane and Cplane)
• Paging Server • Transcoding
• O&M of CN interface (reset, • Micromobility anchor for A and
overload) Iu-CS Uplane
• RNGW and CSGW control
RAN Common Servers
Common Resource Serving Mobile
Management Server O&M Server
Location Centre
Platform: FlexiServer
CRMS OMS SMLC

Common Radio Resource O&M Servers performs Serving Mobile Location
Management Server RAN O&M functions Center performs UE
performs RAN Wide Radio • Connection to OSS Positioning Calculations
Resource Management • Logical O&M • Support of multiple
(inter cell/layers/system) • System Info positioning methods
• Load sharing Broadcast • Support of positioning
• Policy Management • Configuration Manag. request through 2G and
• Autotuning for load • Performance Manag. 3G core
sharing between layer • Fault Manag. • LMU control and O&M
• Autotuning features

UE Control Function All-IP BTS
•Termination of the CN CN Base Station Gateway
signalling Cplane
•Termination of CN interface user
•Radio signalling (RR, RRC) CN plane
•RAB Admission control Uplane
•PDCP, RLC, MAC-d
•Handover control
• MDC (Soft Handoff)
•Initialisation of dedicated
•Ciphering
resources in the network External Iur: one UE may use
ULTRA UCF/BSGW in Serving BTS,
upgrade OMS UCF BSGW and CRS/CGW(L1) in drift
BTS
Cell Resource Server RR Cell Gateway

•GERAN PCU
•GRR protocol
•Radio Admission O&M •WCDMA PS for
control CRS CGW shared and HS data
•Channel allocation (Iub / Abis) channel
•Retransmission
and resource
reservation
BTS L1 LMU SMLC
•Load Control
BS O&M
•Termination of logical Location Measurement
O&M interface Unit
•Implementation BTS L1: Same functionality Could be external to the IP
specific O&M of Rel'99 BTS and Node B BTS

All-IP RAN products

High level BTS integration
Example configuration
• 3 sectored 2+2+2 solution
• 384 code channels
• multi-mode upgradeable
Expansion slots

Comparision, RNC functionality in IP
RAN
• Assumptions based on
Peritus y. 2008 RNC
RNC
• PS traffic: 12174 Mbit/s RNC
RNC
• CS tarffic: 4870 Mbit/s RNC
RNC
• subscribers: 13,6 M RNC
RNC
• -> 168 rack s RNCs ( or 676 RNC
RNC
RNC
racks BSS11 BSC ) RNAS RNGW RNC
RNC
RNC
RNC
• -> 5 racks RNAS CSGW
RNGW CSGW
RNC
• -> 30 racks CSGW CSGW
• -> 15 racks RNGW
• = 50 racks with IP RAN
One rack = 10 racks

All-IP Indoor Supreme BTS
MEA + MCI
High Capacity All-IP BTS

• Supports 1-9 sectored solutions
MAF
• up to 36 WCDMA carriers per cabinet

RF Units – • up to 1152 code channels per cabinet
• multi-mode capable with All-IP RAN rel. 2
Mode specific
MTP • ideal for multi-operator RAN

• full support for Nokia Smart Radio Concep
FAN • ideal for indoor installations
MSU • Co-siting with existing BTS sites
MAM
MUP
MRS
Common
MIM
Multi-radio
digital units
MFE
• Dimensions H x W x D 1800 x 600 x 600 mm

• Operating temperature range -40 … +50 C
• Mains Supply -48 VDC or 230 VAC

All-IP Outdoor Compact BTS
MEA + MCI
High Capacity All-IP BTS
• Supports 1-9 sectored solutions
• up to 36 WCDMA carriers per cabinet
• up to 1152 code channels per cabinet
MAF
• multi-mode capable with All-IP RAN rel.

2
MFE
• ideal for multi-operator RAN

MTP
• full support for Nokia Smart Radio
Concept
• ideal for outdoor installations
FAN
• Co-siting with existing BTS sites

MSU
• minimized site requirements due to small

MAM
size
MRS
• unobtrusive in roof top installations due

MUP MIM
• Dimensions H x Wheight
to low cabinet xD 1500 x 770 x 770 mm
• Operating temperature range -40 … +50 C
• Mains Supply -48 VDC or 230 VAC

All-IP Upgrade to Ultrasite WCDMA BTS
WAF
Base station (BTS) software upgrade

WPA
for new functionality:
• Iub over IP in R4 network
WIC • All-IP RAN BTS in R5
WTR
WSC Transport upgrade:

• new IP router unit (IRIS),
WPS
IRIS
WAM x 2
• reuse of RAN1/RAN2 IFUs (IP over ATM),

WSP x 6 IFU x 5
or
WSM
WFA
• introduction of new IP IFUs (no ATM)

All-IP RAN Server Configurations -
Examples
OMS+RNAS+CRMS+SMLC OMS+RNAS+CRMS OMS+SMLC OMS+CRMS
( ca. 3 Msubs ) ( ca. 1.5M subs ) (ca. 1.5M subs) ( ca. 1M subs )
HDD
OMS
RNAS
SMLC
CRMS
• Flexible configuration of nodes to different server applications; max. 44 nodes per

rack
• Connectivity to 1000 IP-BTS, max. 6000 IP-RAN cells; Capacities/node estimates
with current call-mix assumptions for 2008: RNAS 150k subs, CRMS: 250k subs,
13
SMLC:
© NOKIA
375k subs
FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN
All-IP RAN Servers - Server Blades HW
Chassis Up to 12 CPU slots

Fan tray,
Cabinet display
panel
2 x LAN switches &

Fiber Channel hubs,
System mgt
functions IP Director CPU
Disk Drive
• 9/11/12 nodes per subrack, two CPUs per node => 88 CPUs per
rack
• duplicated IP director per rack (one IP address, or very few
addresses, visible to external network)
• Pair of disks per rack (exact location in the rack FFS)
RNGW
• IP740 platform
• 19" racking
Ethernet Switch
Ethernet Switch
• User plane throughput Ethernet Switches

44 Mbps per RNGW
- circa 3U each
(200 byte packets), 150k RNGW

RABs (max. 2.5k
- circa 2U each
- up to 18 RNGWs per
Handovers/s) rack (without switches)
• max. 18 RNGWs per rack

=> 792 Mbps and 2.7M
RABs per rack

16
© NOKIA
rack
rack
• IPA2800
platform
channels per
• 10 000 Iu-CS
mm (H*W*D)
FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN
• 1800 * 600 * 600
1 cabinet
10000 channels
1
CSGW
CDSP
IW16P1 TCU
IWU
1
1
SF10 SFU /0
1
CDSP TCU SF10 SFU /1

CDSP TCU CDSP
IW16P1 IWU
TCU x x
x x
CDSP TCU CDSP
IW16P1 TCU
IWU x x
x x
2 3 4 5
2 3 4 5
2 3 4 5
2 3 4 5
CDSP CDSP TCU x x

TCU CCP10 ISU
CDSP TCU CDSP TCU NIS0/ 0 / NIS1/ 0
6 7
6 7
NIS0/ 0 /
6 7
6 7
NIS1/ 0
CDSP TCU CDSP TCU
CCP10 CM / 1 CCP10 CM / 0
TCU CDSP TCU CACU / 1 CACU / 0
CDSP CCP10 CCP10
CDSP TCU CDSP
CDSP TCU CCP10 SPMU / 1 CCP10 SPMU / 0
MXU MX622-B MXU MX622-B MX622-B MXU 0/ 0

MX622-B MXU 0/ 1
PD20 x PD20 x PD20 x PD20 x
MX622-B MXU MX622-B MXU MDS FDU EHAT EHU
CDSP CDSP
CDSP TCU (OMU ) ESA12 (NEMU)
TCU
A2SU AL2S
CDSP TCU
A2SU MCPC2 NEMU
AL2SU
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
CDSP
AL2S A2SU
TCU HDS HDS
AL2SU A2SU WDU / 1 WDU / 0
CDSP
AL2S TCU
A2SU (NEMU) (NEMU)
AL2SU A2SU
CCP10 CCP10 ISU CCP10 CCP10
ISU OMU / 1 OMU / 0
IPS1/IPGE IPNIU IPS1/IPGE
CDSP TCU
IPNIU HDS WDU / 1 HDS WDU / 0
CDSP
x xTCU (OMU) (OMU)
x x
TBUF TBUF TBUF TBUF TSS3 TBUF TBUF TSS3

Core Site Solution ( incl. All-IP RAN
Servers ) Core Site (IP/MPLS)
RNC
MSC SGSN
HSS CPS
Server
GGSN MGW
RNGW
Inter-
connects
CSGW
All-IP RAN
Servers
SDH/
DWDM
IP
ATM
OSR
LAN/WAN
connectivity GSR
(IP/MPLS)

Simulation on All-IP RAN gains

Radio Performance gains in All-IP RAN
• Introduction / Background
• User Plane packet channel Gains
• Control Plane packet channel Gains for
Packet Services
• Combined results
• Other Potential Gains
• Summary

Radio performance in All-IP RAN
-Setting up a session for a transport protocol (e.g.
TCP) is quicker in IP RAN due to faster transport and
smaller RLC RTT
- User experiences smaller delay in setup phase.
Router All-IP BTS Mobile
RLC Transport
Protocol
RLC
- Transport is based on fast IP routing in IP RAN.

- 'Information highway' ends in RNC in UTRAN, but lasts
till IP BTS in IP RAN.
- Routing of a packet from CN to IP BTS takes only few No Iub in IP RAN -->
ms. - Smaller RLC RTT
- quicker RLC retransmissions
- User experiences better bit rate for bursty
traffic
Rlc and transport protocol
UTRAN/BSS IP RAN
Transport Transport Transport

Transport protocol
protocol protocol protocol
RLC RLC RLC RLC
Mobile IP BTS Server

Mobile BTS RNC/BSC Server

All-IP RAN Gains for Packet Services
Details on the transmission of a data burst
Minimum allocation time of channels
Scheduling,
Release Iub
UTRAN Iub Setup RF meas.
and pwr calc.
Transmission on DSCH
Timer Release
Channel Allocation
User PlaneTime
Gain
Gain
Release Timer Gain
Scheduling,
Rel.
IP RAN RF meas. Transmission on DSCH
and pwr calc.
Timer
time
Start: Packet Control Plane Gain
scheduler decides
to use DSCH
transmission
User
Release
Channel
Control
Plane
Plane
Timer
Allocation
Gain:
Gain:
Gain:Time Gain:
Shorter
Faster
No Iuballocation
interface
RLC RTT gives
allocationsetup
time
timegives
faster
time,
of DCH/DSCH
that
gives
transmission
the
faster
gives
of
release
higher
setup
userofavailability
data.
timer
the DSCH
can beofand
reduced.
codes
associated
and increased
DCH capacity.

User Plane Gains for Packet Services (I)
• Assumptions:
• - TCP/IP traffic, e.g. web browsing, single object per page: TCP
algorithms (slow start with 1 Maximum Segment Size initial
window, MSS = 1460 B, delayed TCP acknowledgement)
• - TCP session setup: 3-way handshake (3 messages, last setup
message contains HTTP request)
• - RLC RTT 140 ms for UTRAN and 70 ms for IP RAN
• - Block Error Rate over radio 10%
• - Constant user bitrate over the radio interface
• - CN RTT 65 ms (web server very close to RAN). No server
processing time.
• Experienced Bit Rate: user bits / total TX time, without
DSCH/DCH allocation delay
• Gain (%): how much better experienced bit rate IP RAN
gives compared to UTRAN with Iub interface
• Result evaluated for WCDMA case, similar results for
GERAN

User Plane Gains for Packet Services (II)
• Gain depends, for example, on the allocated user bit rate, RLC
BLER and the page size.
IP RAN Gain (%) for different page sizes,

10% BLER
40
Page sizes
30
23 kbits
46 kbits
%
20
105 kbits
10 296 kbits
0
32 64 128 256 384
Radio Channel Capacity (kbps)
• The smaller the page the more gain -> the gain in the beginning of
downloading
• The bigger the user bit rate the more gain -> the big bitpipe used
more efficiently in All-IP RAN
Control Plane Gains for Packet Services
(I)
• The Control Plane (ex: allocation and release of radio
channel, channel switch, etc) is more efficient in All-IP RAN
than in UTRAN, mainly thanks to that there is no Iub
interface.
• The gain from the more efficient Control Plane is
especially large for packet services, due to the frequent
change of state.
• Evaluation: Find the improvement in download time

• for files of different sizes
• for different user bit rates on the air interface
• Assumption: Iub setup time=350msec, other
parameters like in previous example.

Control Plane Gains for Packet Services
(II)
35
Page Size
30
Delay Gain [%]

[kbits]
25
23
20
15
46
10 105
5 296
0
32 64 128 256 384
Radio Channel Capacity [kbps]
• Note that the above gains are found within Control

Plane alone
• In general, the gain is between 10 and 30%.
• Gain is highest for small files and high bit rates
• For most common file sizes and user bit rates, the
gain is about 20 - 25%

Combined User Plane and Control Plane
Gains
• The combined User and Control plane results for Gain expressed in in
terms of delay gains: -> DELAY REDUCTION UP TO 40 %
50
40
Delay Gain [%]
Page size [kbits]

30 23
20 46
105
10 296
0
32 64 128 256 384
Radio Channel Capacity [kbps]

Other gains expected from optimization
of RRM algorithm
• Reasons:
• Measurements from UE(High
Note that HSDPA and from
Speed IPPacket
BTS areAccess)
available
is in
the same
goingnode
in the same direction as All-IP RAN:
• RRM algorithms are preferably located as close as
possible to the radio
• • HSDPA
Proprietary scheduling
BTS moved
measurement aretoavailable
Node B for new
• However,
optimized solution more
RRM algorithms andcomplex
capacityas scheduling
enhancing
for other
features (no channels
need of arestandardization)
3GPP Iub kept in the RNC.
• Example:
• ImagineAll-IP
that anRAN overcomes
enhanced thisa new
algorithm need problem!
measurement in the BTS.
• In IP RAN, we implement it without waiting for 3GPP.
• In UTRAN, this measurement needs to be standardised
on the Iub interface, meaning that we need to merge
our proposal with the opinions from other companies.

Conclusions
• Users experience better service in All-IP RAN for
packet data, with delay for the transmission of a
packet reduced up to 40%
• Reduced code allocation time.
• Potential optimization of RRM algorithm without
the burden of using the predefined Iub
measurement

Case; transport comparision

Input parameters
UMTS Traffic Number of Connections
Name Type Class New Basic NRT Extreme RT Extreme
Voice RT 12.2kbps Conversational 18 12 24
Streaming RT 64kbps Streaming 6 0 18
WWW NRT Interactive 6 12 6
FTP NRT Background 6 12 0
E-Mail NRT Background 6 12 6
•IP Router Buffer Sizes:

•Leaf BTS, 30 kbytes (leaf means last BTS in the tree topology)
•Other BTSs, 100 kbytes

IP RAN DS
•40% SHO OH for RT traffic only Rt_Core
•IPv6
•transport UDP/IP compressed
•MDC in first starpoint
27.66 Mbps DS
30.04 Mbps Rt_D2
DS
Rt_A1
1.92 Mbps
2.05 Mbps
DS DS
2.21 Mbps
Rt_A Rt_A2 DS
DS 2.05 Mbps Rt_D
Rt_D1
DS
Rt_B1 21.67 Mbps DS
Rt_E4
23.93 Mbps
2.05 Mbps
2.05 Mbps
DS
DS
Rt_B
DS 2.05 Mbps Rt_E3
2.05 Mbps
DS Rt_E
2.05 Mbps
Rt_B2 DS
2.05 Mbps Rt_E1 2.23 Mbps
4.70 Mbps 9.00 Mbps
8.61 Mbps
2.05 Mbps DS
2.07 Mbps
DS Rt_E2
DS DS DS
Rt_G 2.05 Mbps
Rt_B3 Rt_F Rt_F3
DS DS
2.05 Mbps
Rt_C Rt_C3 2.04 Mbps
2.22 Mbps
DS
2.19 Mbps
Rt_B4 2.05 Mbps
DS 2.05 Mbps DS
Rt_B5 Rt_F2
DS DS
DS Rt_C2 Rt_G1 DS
32 © NOKIA FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN Rt_C1
Rt_F1
RAN 1
•40% SHO OH for RT and NRT traffic
•No Stat Mux gain 42,6Mbps
•No centralised AAL2 46,86Mbps
4,26Mbps
4,26Mbps
4,26Mbps
4,26Mbps
38,34Mbps
4,26Mbps 34,08Mbps 4,26Mbps

4,26Mbps
4,26Mbps
4,26Mbps
4,26Mbps
4,26Mbps
4,26Mbps 4,26Mbps
4,26Mbps 4,26Mbps
4,26Mbps
4,26Mbps 4,26Mbps
4,26Mbps 4,26Mbps

RAN 2
•40% SHO OH for RT traffic only
•Centralised AAL2
34.54Mbps
31.4Mbps
3,14Mbps
3,14Mbps
3,14Mbps
3,14Mbps
28.26Mbps
3, 14Mbps 25,12Mbps 3,14Mbps

3,14Mbps
3,14Mbps
3,14Mbps
3,14Mbps
3,14Mbps
3,14Mbps 3,14Mbps
3,14Mbps 3,14Mbps
3,14Mbps
3,14Mbps 3,14Mbps
3,14Mbps 3,14Mbps

Comparison
• RAN2 with centralised AAL2 compared with RAN 1 saves 15% - 30% in capacity
• 15% is here refered to modest and 40% aggressive case of saving with Centralised
AAL2 of RAN2
• Additional saving of RAN2 compared with RAN1 is the NRT traffic not having SHO
OH
Leaf BTS Savings Savings

Comparison capacity [Mbps] [% ]
against RAN1 RAN1 4.26 - -
IPv6 RAN 2.08 2.18 51%
Leaf BTS Savings Savings

Comparison capacity [Mbps] [% ]
against RAN2 ( 15 % ) RAN2 modest 3.14 - -
IPv6 RAN 2.08 1.06 34%

Common Radio Resource
Management

Common Radio Resource Management
(CRRM)
Seamless GSM/EDGE
Macro
integration of WCDMA
radio GSM GSM
Micro
technologies to WCDMA WCDMA
ensure optimum multi-mode

GSM/EDGE
Pico
end user
WLAN WCDMA
terminal TDD
performance and
Better capacity
resource usage& quality level
• Offer higher user bit rates and lower blocking
• Enable load sharing and congestion control
• Distribute interference
•Enable multivendor RRM interoperability
Easier operability
•Simple interworking in multi-vendor / multi-system
environment
CRRM Interfaces & Function
• Nokia CRRM can connect to many different radio interface
technologies
• New standardisation
CRRM is needed for an open multivendor CRRM
server
interface RNC
CRRM
Cell Loads & QoS
IP-RAN WCDMA xRAN
Set HO Parameters
Other.. CRRM
GSM/EDGE Handover Candidates
TDD, WLAN,..
xRAN
Prioritized List
BSC
• CRRM acts as an advisor to each system when making decisions

• CRRM server is also the platform for other functions eg.
• Setting idle mode parameters
• Fast auto tuning

CRRM Simulation Results - Summary
Capacity gain Capacity gain
QoS class Reason for the CRRM gain
with 2 layers with 4 layers
32 kbps 3% Timers are needed to prevent
Conversation
No gain 144 kbps 10% ping-pong (and also useful
Streaming
384 kbps 30% handovers) without CRRM
40%-100% depending70%-140% depending

Interactive
on the required delay on the required delay No load reason inter-system
cell reselections assumed
Less gain than with interactive without CRRM
Background
if no delay is guaranteed
• CRRM is most important

• for interactive connections
• for high bit rate (>32 kbps) conversational and streaming
connections
• when large number of layers and systems are integrated
• Note: these gains are fairly ideal gains assuming no delays in signaling
etc. With proper CRRM algorithms most of these gains can be
obtained in practice

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All-IP RAN interworking

Rel 99 Iur-g for

1 © NOKIA FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

MBytes / user / day Bits/s BH / user

2 © NOKIA FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

CRMS OMS SMLC

5 © NOKIA FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

Cell Resource Server RR Cell Gateway

6 © NOKIA FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

7 © NOKIA FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

8 © NOKIA FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

• -> 30 racks CSGW CSGW

• -> 15 racks RNGW

• = 50 racks with IP RAN

One rack = 10 racks

9 © NOKIA FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

High Capacity All-IP BTS

• up to 36 WCDMA carriers per cabinet

MTP • ideal for multi-operator RAN

• Dimensions H x W x D 1800 x 600 x 600 mm

10 © NOKIA FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

• multi-mode capable with All-IP RAN rel.

• ideal for multi-operator RAN

• Co-siting with existing BTS sites

• minimized site requirements due to small

• unobtrusive in roof top installations due

11 © NOKIA FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

Base station (BTS) software upgrade

WSC Transport upgrade:

• reuse of RAN1/RAN2 IFUs (IP over ATM),

• introduction of new IP IFUs (no ATM)

12 © NOKIA FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

• Flexible configuration of nodes to different server applications; max. 44 nodes per

Chassis Up to 12 CPU slots

2 x LAN switches &

• User plane throughput Ethernet Switches

(200 byte packets), 150k RNGW

• max. 18 RNGWs per rack

15 © NOKIA FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

CDSP TCU SF10 SFU /1

CDSP CDSP TCU x x

MXU MX622-B MXU MX622-B MX622-B MXU 0/ 0

MX622-B MXU MX622-B MXU MDS FDU EHAT EHU

TBUF TBUF TBUF TBUF TSS3 TBUF TBUF TSS3

17 © NOKIA FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

18 © NOKIA FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

19 © NOKIA FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

Router All-IP BTS Mobile

- Transport is based on fast IP routing in IP RAN.

Transport Transport Transport

RLC RLC RLC RLC

Mobile IP BTS Server

21 © NOKIA FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

22 © NOKIA FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

23 © NOKIA FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

IP RAN Gain (%) for different page sizes,

• Evaluation: Find the improvement in download time

25 © NOKIA FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

Delay Gain [%]

• Note that the above gains are found within Control

26 © NOKIA FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

Page size [kbits]

27 © NOKIA FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN