System Analysis and Design
Lesson 1
Dileeka Alwis
Lecturer, NSBM - School of Computing
System Analysis & Design - Lesson 1 1
Module Content
• System Concept
• Feasibility Study
• System Development Life Cycle
• System Investigation and Analysis
• System Design Techniques
• Object Oriented Analysis & Design
• Design Considerations of Batch & Demand Processing
Systems
• System Security, System Documentation & Human
Computer Interface
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Recommended Reading
• System Analysis & Design by John W. Satzinger, Robert B.
Jackson & Stephen D.Burd
• Software Engineering by R.S. Pressman.
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What is a System?
• A collection of interrelated components that function
together to achieve some tasks.
• It is simply a group of activities and elements, which have
been arranged to achieve a certain objective.
• A collection of several interrelated subsystems.
Eg: ????
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Information System (IS)
• A collection of interrelated components used to collect,
process, store, retrieve & distribute information which
support to complete daily business operations in an
organization.
• It helps in planning, controlling, coordinating, analyzing &
decision making in business organizations.
• Also helps to increase productivity and efficiency of
organizations.
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Elements of an Information System
• It consists of
- Input
- Process
- Output
- Storage
• Data is entered to the system.
• Processing converts data into information.
• Information is either stored or distributed as outputs.
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Importance of an IS to an organization
• Information should have a high quality and accuracy.
• Organizations need to analyze data to make strategic and
timely decisions.
• Information must be organized, managed and distributed
effectively.
• The success of a business depends on the information
system.
• An effective information system should be able to exceed
customer expectations and fulfill business needs.
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Factors affect to Information Systems
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Types of Information Systems
• Mainly there are two types of IS.
• Manual Information Systems
- All the business activities are performed manually.
- High Paper work.
- Many employees are required.
• Computerized Information Systems
- The business activities are performed with the help of computer
related components and technologies.
- Hardware, Software, Networking, Database, Internet etc.
- Less Paper work.
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Manual Information System
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What are the advantages and
disadvantages of Manual
Information Systems?
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Disadvantages
• Time consuming
• Data Redundancy (Duplication)
• Less accuracy
• Less data integrity
• Difficult in retrieving information
• Need large storage space
• Need many employees
• Less security to data & information
• Less confidentiality
• Difficult to share information
• Documents get damaged and destroyed easily
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Advantages
• Less implementation and maintenance cost
• People will get many jobs
• No need to train employees much
• No need technical knowledge
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Computerized Information System
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Advantages Computerized Information
Systems
• Less data redundancy (duplication)
• Reduce unnecessary cost and wastage
• Increase data accuracy and integrity
• Increase data security and confidentiality
• Offer services with greater customer satisfaction
• Handle business processes at a greater speed
• Increase the productivity and efficiency
• Streamline business processes
• Achieve better profitability levels
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Disadvantages Computerized
Information Systems
• Implementation Expenses
- Initial cost to set up the system is high
• Job Elimination
- Some people will loose their jobs
• Technical knowledge and skills required
• Maintenance cost will be high
• Cost for training employees
• High risk for data lost
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Types of IS used in an organization
• Since organizations perform different types of activities,
there are many different types of information systems.
- Transaction Processing Systems
- Office Automation Systems
- Knowledge Work Systems
- Management Information Systems
- Decision Support Systems
- Expert Systems
- Executive Information Systems
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Hierarchy of Information Systems
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Functional Decomposition
• A system consists of interrelated components that
function together.
• The process of dividing a system into several components
is called as “Functional Decomposition”.
Sub System
• A system which becomes a part of another system.
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System Boundary
• Every system has a boundary between it & its
environment.
• Any inputs or outputs must cross the system boundary.
- Defining the inputs and outputs of a system is an important
part of systems analysis and design.
• In an information system, people are key components.
They complete the tasks of the manual part of the system.
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Automated Boundary
• Automation Boundary is the automated part of the system,
where the work is done by computers.
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