 Definition of a system

 System Composition
 Information System and Manual System
 Types of Information Systems
 Organizational Structure
 System Analysis
 System Design
 System Analyst
 Role of a System Analyst
 Explain the Definition of a System

 Explain the System Composition

 Describe Information System and Manual System

 Explain Types of Information Systems

 Explain Organizational Structure

 Describe System Analysis and Design

 Describe the System Analyst and his Role

Definition of a System

• A system is a collection of interrelated components that work

together to perform a specific task or a goal.in a system , the
different components are connected with each other and
they are interdependent.

– Eg-Computer System
• A computer system refers to the hardware and software components that run a
computer or computers
– Eg-Bank System, School, Library, etc
• System Composition

– What is System Boundary

• A system usually interacts with the external world or
environment. The system boundary separates the
system from its environment.
• A system boundary tell us what is inside and what is
outside the the system.

– Let us consider the school for example and identify the system
boundary.
 School System
Environment

Parents

Department of
Education
System
Boundary
 • Elements Of a System (system components)
– Input
– Process
– Output
• To perform a task or accomplish a goal, a system
receives inputs(from the environment), process and
returns outputs(to the environment).

System
Input Processing Output
• If we consider a school as a system

– Goal :Education of student

– Input :Children, Teachers, Funds

– Processing :Teaching and learning

– Output :Educated student

• Information System

– Data are raw facts. information is processed data.

information is used to take decision. A process is set of
logically related tasks performed to achieve a specific
outcome. Sometime, data type and the environment in
which they operate.

Data Processing Information

• Types of Information Systems

– An organization consists of many people with different

interests, specialties, and levels.

– How a single information system can provide all the

information that an organization needs?

– There is no such single information system.

– An organization should have different info systems for

different interests, specialties, and levels.
• Manual System
– In a manual information system, all data processing
is done manually. Filling cabinets, manual
procedures and papers are vital components of a
manual information system.

– Eg:-Book-Keeping system
– School registration and attendance Keeping
system
– Library books index system
• what is organizational structure
– The typically hierarchical arrangement of lines of authority,
communications, rights and duties of an organization.

– Organizational structure determines how the roles, power and

responsibilities are assigned, controlled, and coordinated, and how
information flows between the different levels of management.

– A structure depends on the organization's objectives and strategy. In

a centralized structure, the top layer of management has most of
the decision making power and has tight control over departments
and divisions
A B
• organizational structure
• What is System Analysis

– In System Analysis more emphasis is given to

understanding the details of an existing system or a
proposed one and then deciding whether the proposed
system is desirable or not and whether the existing system
needs improvements

– The analysis phase answers the questions of

• who will use the system
• what the system will do and
• where and when it will be used
• What is System Design
– System design is the process of planning a new
system or one to replace or complement an
existing system

• Note
– Analysis specifies what the system should do and
Design states how to accomplish the objective
• System Analyst

– The system analyst is the person (or persons) who

guides through the development of an
information system. In performing these tasks the
analyst must always match the information system
objectives with the goals of the organization.
• Role of a System Analyst
• Role of System Analyst differs from organization to organization. Most
common responsibilities of System Analyst are following

 Gather and analyze organizational data for developing

information systems.
 Study existing business procedures and computer programs
to determine how both could be better organized and
structured for the betterment of the organization.
 Study technological and business trends to be able to
recommend changes to technology and business process to
take advantage of advances in both.
 Design and guide the implementation of business computed-
based information systems.
 Prepare and present reports to management as needed.
• Define system. List various types of system.

• Explain system components with example

• what is information system

• What is type of Information System

• how to difference information system and manual system

• What is System Analysis and Design

• Who is system analyst? Elaborate the multifaceted role of system analyst.