 To define racism, racial discrimination and racial

separation.

 To describe the other forms of racism.

 To understand how racism leads to self – betrayal

and self-deception.

 To explain the effect of racism on society.

 To analyze the views of UN Convention on the

Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination.
 Racism is usually defined as views, practices
and actions reflecting the belief that humanity
is divided into distinct biological groups
called races and that members of a certain
race share certain attributes which make that
group as a whole less desirable, more
desirable, inferior, or superior.
 prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism
directed against someone of a different race
based on the belief that one’s own race is
superior.

 Racism is where a person or group of people

are abused physically, emotionally or
mentally by people because of their race,
nationality, beliefs, skin colour and ethnic
origin.

People who believe in racism is called racist.

1. Individual racism
- is any attitude or
action whether
intentional or
unintentional,
conscious or
unconscious, which
subordinates a person
or group because of
their color.
 is any institutional policies,
practices and structures in
governments, businesses,
unions, schools, churches,
courts and law enforcement
entities by which decisions
are made as to unfairly
subordinate persons of
color while allowing other
groups to profit from such
actions.
 Example: Housing patterns,
segregated schools,
discriminatory employment
and promotion policies,
racial profiling, inequities in
health care, segregated
churches, and educational
curriculum which
ignore/distort the history of
minorities.
 3. . Cultural racism
- is the individual and institutional
expression of the superiority of one
group’s cultural heritage over
another (arts, crafts, language,
traditions, beliefs and values).
- irrational dislike or fear of people from
other countries (Oxford Dictionaries)

- unreasonable fear and hatred of strangers

or foreigners or of anything that is strange
or foreign. (Merriam-Webster)
-is the separation of humans into racial
groups in daily life. It may apply to activities
such as eating in a restaurant, drinking from
a water fountain, using a bath room,
attending school, going to the movies, or in
the rental or purchase of a home.
Segregation was really common in schools.
Black children were not allowed to go to the
same school as the white children.
Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa parks, are to
two people that protested on the segregation.
They both are a big part of history. They have a
lot to do with why there is not so much racial
segregation today.
- inhumane acts of a
character similar to
other crimes against
humanity "committed in the
context of an
institutionalized regime of
systematic oppression
and domination by
one racial group over any
other racial group or groups
and committed with the
intention of maintaining
that regime. Apartheid =
“Separateness”

The separation of races

 No right to vote.
 No ownership of land.
 No right to move freely.
 No right to free speech.
 No right to protest the
government.
Apartheid separated
the whites from the non-whites
Sharpville Massacres
 1960 protest against
Pass Laws

• Police opened fire,

killing over 60
Africans (including
women & children) in
30 seconds.
 1976 protest by
20,00 children
against teaching
of Afrikaans in black
schools.

• Riots spread, over

600 killed.
 More than 2,000 years ago, the ancient
Greeks and Romans made slaves of
whom they considered inferior.

 Until the early 1900’s, the Chinese

viewed most foreigners as barbarians.

 From the 1700’s to the early 1900’s,

Europeans believed black-, brown-, and
yellow-skinned people had to be
civilized by the superior whites.
The Nazis considered Jews, Gypsies, Poles and
other Slavic people such as the Russians,
Ukrainians, Czechs and anyone else who was not
an "Aryan" according to the contemporary Nazi
race terminology to be subhuman. The Nazis
rationalized that the Germans, being a super
human race, had a biological right to displace,
eliminate and enslave inferiors. Some 6 million
Jews were killed by the Nazis during the
Holocaust. In the longer term, the Nazis wanted to
exterminate some 30–45 million Slavs.
An improvised camp for Soviet POWs. Between June 1941 and
January 1942, the Nazis killed an estimated 2.8 million Red Army
POWs, whom they viewed as "subhuman".
- a white supremacist
group originating in
the South after the
Civil War. The KKK
has been responsible
for countless acts of
terrorism, violence,
and lynching all
intended to
intimidate, murder
and oppress African
Americans, Jews, and
other minorities.
1. Genocide:
The most extreme form of systemic discrimination, by which
deliberate attempts are made by authorities at mass murder of
any national, ethnic, racial, or religious group.
2. Slavery:
A system of social relations in which
one person is the private property of
another and can be bought and sold on a
market.
US slavery was an extreme form of this:
•Children could be taken from parents and sold
•Slaves could be tortured and killed with almost
no restraint
•Rape of slaves was never a crime.
3. Second Class Citizenship
A system of giving different categories
of people different citizenship rights on the
basis of some attribute.
In the U.S., “Jim Crow Laws” in the
South after the Civil War officially gave
blacks and whites different rights. In the
North, different treatment unofficially
conferred different rights.
Jim Crow Laws
Definition: Laws that separated/segregated African Americans and
other non-white racial groups.

Some commonly segregated

spaces as a result of Jim Crow
were:

•schools
•public areas
•transportation
•restrooms
•restaurants
 4. Semi-free labor
A system for
including non-citizens
in a labor market
without giving them the
rights and protections
of citizenship.

Miners earning only a few dollars a day and

being forced to be separate from their families
for months or years at a time.
5.Discrimination
Unfair actions
directed against
people based on
their race, gender,
ethnicity,
nationality,
language, faith or
sexual orientation.
Examples of discrimination and prejudice
include:

 Dominant white against black

 Dominant males against females
 Dominant rich against poor
 Dominant old against young ( and vice
versa)
Racial discrimination -
shall mean any distinction,
exclusion, restriction, or
preference based on race,
colour, descent, or national
or ethnic origin that has
the purpose or effect of
nullifying or impairing the
recognition, enjoyment or
exercise, on an equal
footing, of human
rights and fundamental
freedoms in the political,
economic, social, cultural
or any other field of public
life.
Racism occurs in present society
because:

 Lack of understanding
between other people’s
beliefs, culture and their past
history.

 People aren’t taught to

accept other people and
treating others equally.

 People make fun of other’s:

culture, ethnicity, skin colour,
accent, appearance, etc.
The impacts of racism
include:

 Suicide
 Long-term Depression
 Insecurity
 Changing their
appearance to fit in
 Abuse
 The International Convention on the
Elimination of All Forms of Racial
Discrimination (ICERD) is a United
Nations convention.

 A third-generation human rights instrument,

the Convention commits its members to the
elimination of racial discrimination and the
promotion of understanding among all races.
 Controversially, the Convention also requires
its parties to outlaw hate speech and criminalize
membership in racist organizations.
The Convention follows the structure of the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights, International Covenant on
Civil and Political Rights, and International Covenant on
Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.

 Part 1 (Articles 1 – 7) commits parties to the

elimination of all forms of racial discrimination and to
promoting understanding among all races.

 Parties are obliged to not discriminate on the basis of

race, not to sponsor or defend racism, and to prohibit
racial discrimination within their jurisdictions. They
must also review their laws and policies to ensure
that they do not discriminate on the basis of race, and
commit to amending or repealing those that do.
 The Convention imposes a specific
commitment on parties to eradicate racial
segregation and the crime of
apartheid within their jurisdictions
(Article 3).

 Parties are also required to criminalize the

incitement of racial hatred (Article 4), to
ensure judicial remedies for acts of racial
discrimination (Article 6), and to engage
in public education to promote
understanding and tolerance (Article 7).
Part 2 (Articles 8 – 16) governs reporting and
monitoring of the Convention and the steps taken by
the parties to implement it.

 It establishes the Committee on the Elimination

of Racial Discrimination, and empowers it to
make general recommendations to the UN
General Assembly.

 It also establishes a dispute-resolution

mechanism between parties (Articles 11 – 13),
and allows parties to recognise the competence of
the Committee to hear complaints from
individuals about violations of the rights
protected by the Convention (Article 14).
UNESCO marks March 21
as the yearly International
Day for the Elimination of
Racial Discrimination, in
memory of the events that
occurred on March 21, 1960
in Sharpeville, South Africa,
where police killed student
demonstrators peacefully
protesting against the
apartheid regime.
 Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo. 2003. Racism without Racists: Color-Blind Racism and
the Persistence of Racial Inequality in the United States. Rowman & Littlefield
Publishers, Inc.

 Daniels, Jessie (2009), Cyber Racism: White Supremacy Online and the New
Attack on Civil Rights, Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, MD.

 Ehrenreich, Eric (2007), The Nazi Ancestral Proof: Genealogy, Racial Science,
and the Final Solution, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN.

 Graves, Joseph. (2004) The Race Myth NY: Dutton

 "International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial

Discrimination". UN Treaty Series. United Nations. Archived from the
original on 2011-08-26. Retrieved 3 February 2011.

 Racism" in R. Schaefer. 2008 Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity and Society.

SAGE. p. 1113

 The birth and death of apartheid". BBC News. June 17, 2002

 Wohlgemuth, Bettina (2007-05). Racism in the 21st century: how everybody can
make a difference.