(Foundations of Individual Behavior)

PRESENTED BY: CHERRY ANNE CALOMARDE

BENJIE JUNGAYA

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VALUES and ATTITUDE
PRESENTED BY: CHERRY ANNE CALOMARDE

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Contents

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 Values

Values
- the standards of desirability by which one
chooses between alternate behaviors.
- Value is a judgmental element of what is
right, good, or desirable.
- Our values were formed by about age 5 or 6.

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 Importance of Values

1 2 3
Values lay the Individuals enter
foundation for the organizations with
understanding of notions of what is Values
attitudes and right and wrong generally
motivation because with which they influence
they influence our interpret attitudes and
perceptions. behaviors or
behavior.
outcomes

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Types of Values

Rokeach Value Survey…

VALUES

Terminal Instrumental
Values Values

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Terminal Values

Desirable end-states
of existence; the
goals that a person
would like to achieve
during his or her
lifetime.

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Instrumental Values

Preferable modes
of behavior or
means of achieving
one’s terminal
values.

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 Values

Organizational Values
- a set of beliefs that specify universal
expectations and preferred modes of
behavior in a company.

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Shared values affect work performance in three ways:

• Managers and others throughout the organization give priority

attention to what is stressed in the corporate values system and this in
turn supports producing the priority results.

• All employees generally make better decisions, because they are

guided by their perception of the shared values.

• People are more likely to recognize that they are an important part of
the organization. They are more motivated because life in the
company has more meaning for them.

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Our shared Values in action

1. Dedication to every client's success.

2. Innovation that matters - for our company and for the world.

3. Trust and personal responsibility in all relationships.

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By Values we mean:

At IBM, Values mean more than ethics, compliance, or even a code of

conduct. Values express:

•What differentiates IBM with clients, investors, employees, communities

•Our mission, our aspirations
•How we make decisions at our company
•How we behave and act, collectively and individually

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A SMALL TRUTH TO MAKE LIFE
100%

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 Hard Work
H+A+R+D+W+O+R+K
8+1+18+4+23+15+18+11 = 98%

Knowledge
K+N+O+W+L+E+D+G+E
11+14+15+23+12+5+4+7+5 = 96%
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 Then what makes 100% ?
Is it Money ? ... NO ! ! !
M+O+N+E+Y
13+15+14+5+25 = 72%
Leadership ? ... NO ! ! !
L+E+A+D+E+R+S+H+I+P
12+5+1+4+5+18+19+9+16 = 89%
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Every problem has a solution,
only if we perhaps change our
attitude.
To go to the top,
to that 100%,
what we really need to go
further... a bit more...
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 ATTITUDE
A+T+T+I+T+U+D+E
1+20+20+9+20+21+4+5 = 100%

It is OUR ATTITUDE towards

Life and Work that makes OUR
Life 100% ! ! !

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 THE ICEBERG

HOW MUCH DO YOU SEE OF AN ICEBERG?

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THE ICEBERG

ONLY 10% OF
ANY ICEBERG IS
VISIBLE. THE
REMAINING 90%
IS BELOW SEA
LEVEL.

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 THE ICEBERG

VISIBLE
ABOVE SEA LEVEL
10 %
SEA LEVEL

INVISIBLE
BELOW SEA LEVEL

90 %

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 THE ICEBERG

• The Iceberg phenomena is also

applicable on human beings …

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 THE ICEBERG

KNOWLEDGE
KNOWN &
TO OTHERS
SKILLS SEA LEVEL

UNKNOWN
TO OTHERS

ATTITUDE

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 THE ICEBERG

• In other words. . . .

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 THE ICEBERG

KNOWN
TO OTHERS
BEHAVIOR
SEA LEVEL

UNKNOWN
TO OTHERS

VALUES – STANDARDS – JUDGMENTS

ATTITUDE
MOTIVES – ETHICS - BELIEFS

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Attitude

Attitude is defined as “a
learned predisposition to respond
in a consistently favorable or
unfavorable manner with respect
to a given object.” That is,
attitudes affect behavior at a
different level than do values…

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Relating employee attitudes and customer satisfaction:
What are the key employee issues that influence attitude?

The following key employee issues influence attitude:

•Organizational teamwork
•Processes and resources
•Clarity of direction
•Employee involvement in decisions
•IBM as an employer
•Leadership

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How can I make an impact on customer satisfaction?

- Satisfaction with IBM as an employer

- Clarity of direction
- One IBM team
- Resources and processes

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 Nature of attitude
1. Attitudes refer to feelings and beliefs of an individual
or group of people.

2. Attitudes endure , unless something happens.

ex- if x is transferred to day shift , his attitude may
become positive.

3. Attitude are organized and are core to an individual.

4. All people, irrespective of their status or intelligence,

hold attitudes.

5.Attitude are invisible as they constitute a psychological

phenomenon which cannot be observed directly.

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 Managerial style
Technology
STIMULI Noise
Work Related Factors Peers
Reward System
Career Opportunities

“My supervisor is unfair”

COGNITION Belief and values
“Having a fair supervisor
is important to me”

Feelings and
AFFECT emotions
“I don’t like my supervisor”

BEHAVIOUR Intended “I am going to request a

behaviour transfer”

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Information Emotional
Feelings
Beliefs,
Knowledge -
& Positive
Values or
Negative

Predisposition to act

External Behavior

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Attitude Components

Cognitive component
The beliefs , opinion , knowledge or information held by the
individual.

Affective Component
The feelings , sentiments , moods and emotions about some
idea, person, event or object

Behavioral Component
The predispositions to get on a favorable or unfavorable
evaluation of something.

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Attitude Types
Most of the research in OB has been concerned with three
attitudes…

Job Satisfaction

Job Involvement

Organizational Commitment

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Attitude Types
Job Satisfaction
A collection of positive and/or negative feelings that an individual
holds toward his or her job.

Major job-satisfaction facets

•work itself
•pay
•advancement opportunities
•supervision
•Co-workers

A person with a high level of job satisfaction holds positive

feelings about the job, while a person who is dissatisfied holds
negative feelings about the job.

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Attitude Types
Job Involvement
Identifying with the job, actively participating in it, and
considering performance important to self-worth.

Employee Engagement
Considerations to assess employee engagement :

■ The availability of resources and the opportunities to learn

new skills;

■ Whether work is important and meaningful;

■ Whether interactions with co-workers and supervisors were

rewarding.

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Attitude Types
Organizational Commitment
Is the individual’s feelings of identification with and
attachment to the organization.

If the employee is commited to the organization:

• Better the attendance
• Stronger their intention to stay with the organization
• Greater their job-related effort

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JOB SATISFACTION

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Job satisfaction
Job satisfaction essentially reflects the
extent to which an individual likes his or her job.

= it means a person with a high level of job

satisfaction holds positive feelings about
the job while other person have
dissatisfaction holds negative feelings
about the job.

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