 Topics to be covered in this session:

 Foundations of Group Behavior

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What Is A Group?
According to Schein, a group consists of
“ any number of people, who :

 Interact with each other

 are psychologically aware of one another, and

 perceive themselves to be a group”

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Nature/Characteristics Of A Group?

 Interaction

 Activity

 Norms

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Nature/Characteristics Of A Group?

 Informal leadership

 Cohesion

 Conformity

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Why Do Individuals Join A Group?

 to improve their effectiveness in a task

 for security & protection

 to facilitate learning through social

comparison

 to exert greater influence over the

environment
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Why Do Individuals Join A Group?

 because they believe that group membership

will be useful to them in the achievement of
some goal in the future

 personal characteristics

 companionship and friendship

 communication and information

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Types Of Groups?

 Primary Groups/Small Groups/Membership

Group

 Formal group

 Informal group

 Reference Groups/aspirational Groups

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Types Of Groups?

 Temporary groups

 Permanent groups

 In-group

 Out-group

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Stages Of Group Development

Five Stages Model (Tuckman)

 Forming

 Storming

 Norming

 Performing

 Adjourning

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Common Attitudes And Values

 Religion

 Politics

 Life style

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Common Attitudes And Values

 Marriage

 Work

 Authority

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Positive & Negative Attributes Of
Committees
Positives:

 Pooling of opinions

 Improved cooperation

 Motivation

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Positive & Negative Attributes Of
Committees
Positives:

 Representation

 Dispersion of power

 Executive Training

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Positive & Negative Attributes Of
Committees
Positives:

 Continuity

 Communication

 Better Chances of recommendations to be

accepted

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Positive & Negative Attributes Of
Committees
Negatives:

 Time & cost

 Compromise

 Personal Prejudice

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Positive & Negative Attributes Of
Committees
Negatives:

 Logrolling

 Strain on interpersonal relations

 Lack of effectiveness

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Guidelines For Using Committees
Effectively

 Clearly set goals

 Size and selection of Committee members

 The Chairman of the Committee

 Procedure

 Follow up & periodic evaluations

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Work Teams

 A small number of people with

complementary skills, committed to a
common purpose and performance goals for
which they hold themselves accountable

 A work group on the other hand interacts

primarily to share information and to make
decisions to help each group member
perform within his/her area
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Groups Vs. Teams

GROUPS TEAMS

Strong leader Shared Leadership

Individual accountability Individual & Mutual accountability

Organizational purpose Specific team purpose

Individual work products Collective work products

Efficient meetings Open-ended meetings

Measures performance by influence Measures performance from work

from others products
Delegates work Does real work together

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Types Of Teams

 Problem-Solving Teams

 Self-Managed Work Teams

 Cross-Functional teams

 Virtual Teams

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Quality Circles

 A Quality Circle is a volunteer cross-

functional group composed of workers who
meet to discuss workplace improvement, and
make presentations to management with
their ideas, especially relating to quality of
output, in order to improve the performance
of the organization, and motivate and enrich
the work of employees.. The ideal size of a
quality circle is from eight to ten members.
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Signs Of Team Trouble

 You cannot easily describe teams mission

 The meetings are formal, stuff or tense

 Great deal of participation but little

accomplishment

 Talk but not much communication (and

listening!)
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Signs Of Team Trouble

 Disagreements are aired after the meetings in

private

 One leader making the decisions

 Confusion or disagreement about different

roles

 Team is overloaded with people who may

have the same style
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T H A N K Y O U. . .

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