Finite Element

Analysis
MEEN 5330
Dustin Grant
Kamlesh Borgaonkar
Varsha Maddela
Rupakkumar Patel
Sandeep Yarlagadda
Introduction

 What is finite element analysis, FEA?

 What is FEA used for?

 1D Rod Elements, 2D Trusses

Basic Concepts
 
f T Pi
 Loads
~
 ji, j  fi  0
 Equilibrium

 Boundary conditions
Development of Theory

 Rayleigh-Ritz Method
 Total potential energy equation

 Galerkin’s Method
1D Rod Elements
 To understand and solve 2D and 3D
problems we must understand basic of 1D
problems.
 Analysis of 1D rod elements can be done
using Rayleigh-Ritz and Galerkin’s method
 To solve FEA problems same are modified
in the Potential-Energy approach and
Galerkin’s approach
1D Rod Elements
 Loading consists of three types : body
force f , traction force T, point load Pi
 Body force: distributed force , acting on
every elemental volume of body i.e. self
weight of body.
 Traction force: distributed force , acting on
surface of body i.e. frictional resistance,
viscous drag and surface shear
 Point load: a force acting on any single
point of element
1D Rod Elements Element -1 Element-2

1 T e 
U e  q [k ]q
 Element strain energy 2

Ee Ae  1  1
[k ] 
e
 1 1 
 Element stiffness matrix le  

 e Ae l e f 1
 Load vectors f  
2 1
 Element body load vector  e Tle 1
T  
 Element traction-force vector 2 1
Example 1D Rod Elements
Example 1
Problem statement: (Problem 3.1 from Chandrupatla and Belegunda’s
book)
Consider the bar in Fig.1, determine the following by hand calculation:
1) Displacement at point P 2) Strain and stress
3) Element stiffness matrix 4) strain energy in element

Given:

E  30 106 psi q1  0.02in

Ae  1.2 in 2 q2  0.025in
Solution:
1) Displacement (q) at point P
We have
2
 ( x  x1 )  1
( x2  x1 )
2
 (20  15)  1  0.25
(23  15)

Now linear shape functions N1(  ) and N2(  ) are given by

1  1 
N1 ( )   0.375 And N 2 ( )   0.625
2 2
2D Truss
 2 DOF

 Transformations

 Modified Stiffness Matrix

 Methods of Solving
2D Truss

 Transformation Matrix
 Direction Cosines le  x2  x1 2   y2  y1 2

x2  x1
l m 0 0  l  cos 
[ L]    le
0 0 l m 
y 2  y1
m  sin  
le
2D Truss

 Element Stiffness Matrix

 l2 lm  l 2  lm 
 2
Ee Ae  lm m 2
 lm  m 
[k e ] 
l e   l 2  lm l2 lm 
 2 
 lm  m m 
2
lm
Methods of Solving

 Elimination Approach
 Eliminate Constraints

 Penalty Approach
 Will not discuss Today
Elimination Method
 Set defection at the constraint to equal
zero
Elimination Method
 Modified Equation
 DOF’s 1,2,4,7,8 equal to zero
2D Truss


   l  m l mq
 Element Stresses Ee
le

 
 Element Reaction Forces R  K Q
2D Truss

 Development of Tables

 Coordinate Table
 Connectivity Table
 Direction Cosines Table
2D Truss
 Coordinate Table
2D Truss
 Connectivity Table
2D Truss
 Direction Cosines Table
le  x2  x1 2   y2  y1 2

le
l  cos  2
x  x1

le
m  sin   2
y  y1
Example 2D Truss
MATLAB Program TRUSS2D.M
3D Truss Stiffness Matrix
 3D Transformation Matrix
 Direction Cosines

 l m n 0 0 0
[ L]   
 0 0 0 l m n 

le  x2  x1 2   y2  y1 2  z 2  z1 2
x2  x1 y 2  y1 z 2  z1
l  cos  m  cos   n  cos  
le le le
3D Truss Stiffness Matrix
 3D Stiffness Matrix

 l2 lm ln  l 2  lm  ln 
 
 lm m 2
mn  lm  m 2
 mn 
Ee Ae  ln mn n 2
 ln  mn  n  2
[k e ]   
l e   l 2  lm  ln l 2
lm ln 
 lm  m 2  mn lm m2 mn 
 
  ln  mn  n n 
2 2
ln mn
Conclusion

 Good at Hand Calculations, Powerful

when applied to computers

 Only limitations are the computer

limitations
References
Homework