ORIGIN OF SOCIETY

INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETY-THEORIES:

THOMAS HOBBES (1588-1679):
•State of nature- universal strive
•Man is solitary, nasty, poor
•Civil society created
•By mutual agreement
JOHN LOCKE(1632-1704):
•State of nature-a golden age
•Men are equal and free
•But property was insecure
•Property meant life, liberty, estate
•To protect property
•To preserve order
•Empowered state to make laws
JEAN JAQUNES ROUSSEAU(1772-1778):
•Man in state of nature – equal, happy
•Growth of population, quarrels
•Necessitated society
•Man entered in contract
•To restore their rights
S0CIAL CONTRACT:
•By contract – state formed
•To guarantee rights, liberties
•Sovereign has legislative power
GENERAL WISE:
•The will of whole community
•The general good, public good
CRITICISM:
•Social contract theory- illustry
•Not based on holistic facts
•Individual precedes society- not correct
ORGANISMIC THEORY:
HERVERT- SVENCER:
•Social structure compared to human body
•Society is an organism
•Individuals calls of the body
•Society no external form
CRITICISM:
•Analogies misleading
•Society not functioning
•As human body
GROUP MIND THEORY:
•Theory of collective consciousness
•Individual in crowd
•Acts differently
•Due to group mind
CRITICISM:
•Group mind- thinking, feeling in like ways
•Theory subordinates individual to society- not correct
•This theory- not reality
•Mind of group- no evidence