‫االسمدة العضوية‬

‫الصادق عجبنا الهادى‬

 ‫معوقات االنتاج فى الترب السودانية‬
• Low organic matter (Organic matter improved soil
physical, chemical and biological properties). And
low N.
• Low P availability and fixation (pH)
• Low micronutrient availability (pH, except Mo)
• Salinity and sodicity..
• High yielding cultivars without proper fertilization
• Low CEC and low water holding capacity (sandy
soils)
 Organic fertilizers Used in Sudan
• Raw materials
• Animal manure (Chicken, Camel , cows , sheep
• Plant materials ( water hyacinth, Bagasse.
• Raw crop residue (wheat straw, Guar, ),
• Seed cake (Jatopha and neem) and higlig sawdust
• Biofertilzers (Rhizobium, Phosphate solubilizing
bacteria, EM)
• Sewage sludge

•
 Compost
• Compost : Commercial
• (Elkhaseeb, (Animal manure); Elkhairat
(Animal manure + crop residue): Abufloos(
Thermally heated Animal manure) and
Alshmookh?
 Compost from research studies:

• Banana waste, waterhycinth and bagasse

(fixed C: N ratio 25),
• Sheep manure (C/N 15.9), groundnut straw
(C/N ratio 25.9) and their mixture (C/N ratio
18.3).
• sewage sludge
• Vermicomposted cotton residues (FYM was
added to improved C:N).
 Use of organic fertilizers
• Reclamation of saline sodic soils
• Reduction of striga infestation
• Improved crop production and crop quality
• Improve soil properties.
• Improved sand dune stabilization
 Application rate
• Minimum 1000 kg /ha (pot experiment)
• Mean 8000 kg /ha
• Max 20000 kg/ha
• For Horticulture crop ( 10 kg/plant/year for
compost and 5 kg/plant/year for chicken
manure and 20 kg/plant/ year for sheep
manure )
• For saline soil reclamation (5000 and 11200 kg
per ha)
 Limitation
• The suggested rate from research is not
affordable by farmers with large size farm
• In most of the studies the initial characteristics
of the materials used is not analysed
• Application of crop residue with high C: N
ratio may limited N availability…
 Recommendation
• Encourage farmers to produced composted
• Incorporation of crop residue in the soil after
harvesting the crop
• Application of supplementary fertilizer when
crop residue with C:N more than 25 is applied
• Introduction of crop rotation with legumes
• Integrated farm practises (Animal +crop)