[Date]

[Document title]
[Document subtitle]

prince yadav
[COMPANY NAME]
 Session- 2021-22
DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
SCIENCE 10

SKILL DEVELOPMENT PAPER

Biofertilizer Production and Application

TOPIC - ORGANIC FERTILIZERS
Class-B.sc (Mathematics) Semester-2nd
SUBMITTED TO- Dr suman Gupta SUBMITTED BY
( Assistant professor of botany ) ROLL no -
Introduction
• “An organic fertilizer refers to a soil amendment derived from natural
sources that guarantees, at least, the minium percentages of nitrogen,
phosphate, and potash.”
• Virtually any organic material can be used as a fertilizer; however, materials
vary considerably in the concentration of plant nutrients they contain and
the rate which these nutrients are released for the plant use.

Why we use organic fertilizers?

• Our most important natural resource is the soil that is why it is crucial to save
and protect it considering the present and also the future.
• It is our task to preserve the humus top soil and to increase its organic matter
contents, to improve the nutrient providing ability and carry on an
environment-friendly nutrient management.
Types of organic fertilizers
• Organic fertilizers can be grouped into the following categories;
1. Manures and composts
2. Green manures
3. Plant, stubble and root residues
4. Other fertilizers

1. Manure and compost

• Out of all the organic fertilizers, good quality manure is excellent source of
organic nutrients, which consists of solid and liquid feces and litter.
• Fresh manure may be available from the livestock operations. Commercial,
packaged manures generally contain composted material.
• Compost can be made from the materials such as yard waste, sawdust,
manures and industrial by-products.
• Composted materials are generally ready to mix into the soil when you can
no longer identify what the material originally consisted of.
• It usually has a dark brown appearance, is granular in size and has a musty
smell.
• Human manure, some people refer to human
excreta as human manure, and the word
“humanure” has also been used. Just like animal
manure, it can be applied as a soil conditioner.
• Sewage sludge is a material that contains human
excreta, as it is generated after mixing excreta
with water and treatment of waste water in a
sewage treatment plant.

2. Green manure
• Green fertilizing is a method of organic fertilizing when a plant is produced
for the purpose of turning its whole mass into the soil as a fertilizer before it
begins to bloom.
• Green manures are crops grown for the express purpose of plowing them in,
thus increasing the fertility through the incorporation of nutrients and
organic matter into the soil.
 Incorporation of a green manure crop
3. Plant, stubble and root residues
• The roots of cultivated plants play a significant role in the maintenance of the
fertility, digestion of nutrients and improving the structure of the soil.
• They have a great advantage on the organic manures that they
homogenously net in the soil and in this way the organic material distribution
is even.
• The amount of the root residues is considerable, in the upper 200 mm layer
of the soil expressed in dry matter per hectare the values are the following:
peas 600kg, maize 2500kg, sunflower
3900kg.
• Beside the roots the stem residues
also have a remarkable role. The
amount is influenced by the sowing
density and the stubble height.
4. Other fertilizers
• Peat, is also suitable for organic fertilizing,
primarily to correct the harmful
characteristics of manures and sub serve composting.
• Its advantages are the great hygroscopic ability and bactericidal effect, which
facilitate the use of malodorous materials and the considerable decrease of
the number of pathogens.
• Lime is a naturally occurring material produced by crushing rocks containing
high amounts of calcium and magnesium carbonates.
• The inhabitants of the coasts have been using the nutrient supply of the
algae (Fucaceae and sea-weed) to improve the soil for centuries.
• There are two types of algae-products sold in Europe: one is calcareous
algae, the other is a liquid product made of dried green and brown algae.
The ordinary dose of calcareous algae is 400-600 kg/ha, with the effect of an
average 10-15% increase of crop.
• Bacterial fertilizers are not novel, however brilliant achievements of science.
Their principle is to beneficiate the flora of the free living, nitrogen-fixing
bacteria in the soil, so the use of chemical fertilizers containing nitrogen is
unnecessary. One well-known product is the BioNitroPhos.
Peat and lime
 Table 1. approximate nutrient content and rates of availability for various organic materials
*approximate rate of nutrient released from the material
**special properties or characteristics of the material
*** Tankage: dried and ground by-products from animal slaughter

Method of preparation
1. From household compost
2. From natural compost in farms
3. CFT fertilizer machine

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1. From household compost
• Prepare a large container with cover and a drain beneath.
• Collect the food waste, cut into small size, filter the water.
• Input the food waste into the bucket, and add some sugar
everyday (to reduce odor).
• After 2-3 weeks, you can discharge the waste out and cover it with
leaves and soil in your back yard.

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• After about one month, you can feel
the warming on the top of your
compost, repeat the steps of above
and continue Regularly discharge the
brown water (liquid fertilizer).
• After several month (2-3 in summer,
4-6 in winter), the compost can be
used as conditional soil.
• Ventilation can avoid odor, coffee
grounds or tea leaves are good
deodorant.
• It takes about 1 month period to
achieve initial stage, so it is
recommended to prepare two or more barrels.

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2. From natural compost in
farms
• Pile up the animal excrements, agricultural waste, food waste
and other organic matter to about one meter to one and half
meter high.
• Constantly re-pile the compost to maintain the high
temperature and supply of oxygen.
• Repeat step 2 for 2-3 month and the ripened compost will be
generated. It can be used as organic fertilizer in your farm.

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• Microbes in the compost will
begin to reproduce,
decompose, and the heat
generated by microbial
activity will warm up the
compost to 60 to 70 degrees
Celsius.
• Many farmers dispose the
food waste as organic fertilizer
and resulted in bad smell, it is
because without the high-
temperature sterilization
process, the food waste will
generate many pathogens and
odor during decomposition.

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3. CFT fertilizer machine
• Use shatter to cut the waste into smaller size material.
• Input shattered material into the CFT fertilizer machine.
• Add CFT enzymes (formula) and start operation.
• Wait for 1-3 hours for reaction complete.
• Discharge the reacted material, use them after cooling.
• Animal manure can be inputted without shattering.
• Moisture content should be at least 50% for enzyme reaction.

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 • Various fuels can be used for
heating,ex:gas, waste oil.
• If end product is not going to use
immediately, we recommend
you to (sun) dry it before
storage.
• You can make your own
organic fertilizer from organic
wastes (ex: straws, vegetables,
manure, etc) in very short time
by using CFT fertilizer machine.
It can help farmer to cut the cost
of chemical fertilizer and reduce
the cost of cultivation.

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Management consideration
• Nutrient needs vary widely depending on soil conditions,
previous fertilizers, organic matter addition, and the type of the
plant grown.
• The best ways to determine which nutrient are needed and in
what amount is to test the soil.
• For lawns and gardens, the fertilizer rate suggested on the soil
report can be applied more than one time per growing season.
• For field crop situations, however, the suggested rate is for
entire growing season and should not be exceeded.
Fertilizer rate calculation
• Fertilizer needed = X lbs of nutrients/1000 sq. feet * 1 lb
fertilizer/Y lb nutrient* Z sq. feet area
• Where X is the nutrient recommendation from a soil test report
in pounds/1000 sq ft, Y is the percent of the nutrient in the
fertilizer divided by 100, and Z is the square footage of the area
fertilized.

Selecting an organic fertilizer

• The numbers on an organic fertilizer label refer to the
concentration (percent) of three major nutrients in the material:
 nitrogen (or N), phosphate (or P2O5), and potassium (potash, or
K2O).
• For example, a 6-12-0 fertilizer (bone meal) contains 6%
nitrogen, 12% phosphate (P2O5), and 0% potash (K2O).
• If a soil test report indicates levels of some nutrients are high or
excessive, select products containing lower concentrations of
these nutrients.
• If a soil test report indicates a need for nitrogen, select a high
nitrogen material like blood meal or fish meal
Fertilizer application
method
• Organic materials can be broadcast on the surface and tilled
or watered into soil, or applied in a narrow band on or
beneath the surface.
• Two main types of broadcast applicators are available: the
drop spreader and the rotary spreader

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Fertilizer application
• Most drop spreaders are capable of applying a wide range
of rates; however, the path spread is limited to the width
of the unit (normally 18 inches to three feet).
• Rotary spreaders may broadcast organic materials in a 5
to 10 foot wide
path but with less Drop spreader
uniformity and rate
control than drop
spreaders.

Rotary spreader

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Fertilizer application
• Banding is a convenient
way to make in-season
fertilizer applications to
high nitrogen requiring
vegetables like corn
• Make narrow furrows six to
eight inches away from the
base of the plants, two to
three inches deep.
Distribute the organic
material evenly in the
furrow and cover with soil
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Fertilizer application

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Factors effecting the nutrient
availability
• Soil pH
• Organic matter
• Soil texture
• Climate
• Crop removal
• Soil compaction
• Nutrient interaction

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Advantages of using organic
fertilizers
• Soil structure
• Hydraulic conductivity
• Field capacity
• Reduced erosion
• Non-toxic food
• On farm production
• Low capital investment
• Employment
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• Fertility of the soil
• Safe environment

Disadvantages of using
organic fertilizer
• Takes longer time
• High demand and low supply
• Simple but messy and inconvenient

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Organic fertilizers supplier
in Pakistan
• Sunland crops care, Karachi.
• Shah enterprise, Karachi.
• Al-bahar enterprises, Lahore .
• AMB organics, Karachi.
• Safi chemicals and fertilizers (PVT) Ltd.
• Millat enterprises, Muridkey.
• M Akbar and company, Quetta.
• Hanan Impex, Sialkot.
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References
• www.ncagr.gov/agronomi/pdffiles/sfn12.pdf
• en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manure
• en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organicfertilizer
• www.befarmex.com/files/289_Organic-fertilizers-ENG.HUNGARY[1].pdf
• extension.usu.edu/files/publications/factsheet/HG-510.pdf
• www.organicfacts.net/organic-products/organic-cultivation/benefits-
oforganic-fertilizers.html
• globalharvestorganics.com/blog/benefits-to-using-organic-fertilizers/
• www.aquaculture.ugent.be/Education/coursematerial/online%20cours
e s/faoman/mcd/art/img120.htm
• www.gov.mb.ca/agriculture/environment/nutrientmanagement/pubs/
effects-of-manure%20-fertilizeron%20soil%20fertility-quality.pdf

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Thank you

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