FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL

SCIENCES AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES

RAWE Presentation on
“Organic Manure”

Ankur Jaiswal
B. Sc. (Ag), 4th Year
17011001026
Organic Manure
“An organic manure refers to a soil amendment derived from
natural sources that guarantee, at least, the minimum percentage of
nitrogen, phosphate, and potash.”

 Manures may be defined as materials which are organic in origin, bulky and
concentrated in nature and capable of supplying plant nutrients and improving soil
physical environment having no definite chemical composition with low analytical
value produced from animal, plant and other organic wastes and by products.

 Organic manures are included well rotten farmyard manure (FYM), compost, green
manures etc. Generally, farmyard manures and composts are the decomposed products
of agricultural by-products (animals and crops).
 Characteristics of organic manure
 It is the key constituent of cultivated soils.
 They supply plant nutrients including micronutrients.
 They improve soil physical properties like structure, water holding capacity etc.,
 They increase the availability of nutrients.

Classification of organic manure:

A simple classification
scheme of organic
manures is being
presented in given table :
 Bulky Organic Manures:
• Bulky organic manures contain small percentage of nutrients and they are applied in
large quantities. 
• It contains fewer amounts of plant nutrients as compared to concentrated organic
manures.
• Farmyard manure (FYM), compost and green-manure are the most important and widely
used bulky organic manures.

Characteristics of Bulky Organic manure:

• They supply plant nutrients including micronutrients
• They improve soil physical properties like structure, water holding capacity etc.,
• Carbon dioxide released during decomposition acts as a CO2 fertilizer and
• Plant parasitic nematodes and fungi are controlled to some extent by altering the balance
of microorganisms in the soil.
 Farm Yard Manure (FYM):
 The term farmyard manure refers to the well-decomposed mixture of dung,
urine, farm litter (bedding material) and left over or used up materials from
roughages or fodder fed to the cattle.
 On an average well decomposed farmyard manure contains 0.5 per cent N, 0.2 per cent
P2O5and .0.5 per cent K2O.
 Farmyard manure consists of two components solid phase, dung and liquid
phase, urine. On an average, the animals give out three parts by weight of dung
and one part by weight of urine. However, this ratio of dung and urine varies with
the kind of animals.
 An average nutrient and moisture content of different kinds of animals is given in table:
 Method of preparation FYM:
Preparation of FYM by Trench method:
Trenches of size 6 m to 7.5 m length, 1.5 m to 2.0 m width and 1.0 m deep are dug.
All available litter and refuse are mixed with soil and spread in the shed to absorb urine.
The next morning, urine-soaked refuse along with dung is collected and placed in the
trench.
Vegetable crops like potato, tomato, sweet-potato, carrot, reddish, onion etc., respond well
to the farmyard manure
When the section is filled up to a height of 45 cm to 60 cm above the ground level, the top
of the heap is made into a dome and plastered with cow dung earth slurry.
 Theprocess is continued and when the first trench is filled, second trench is prepared. The
manure becomes ready for use in about four to five months after plastering.
The entire amount of nutrients present in FYM is not available immediately. About 30 per
cent of nitrogen, 60 - 70 per cent of phosphorus and 70 per cent of potassium are available
to the first crop.
Green manure
 Green manuring can be defined as a practice of ploughing or turning into the soil un-
decomposed green plant tissues for the purpose of improving soil physical chemical
and biological environments.

Kinds Of Green Manuring:

Green Manuring in Situ: Green Manuring ex Situ:

It can be defined as a system by It refers to turning into the soil

which green manure crops are grown
and incorporated into the soil of the
same field that is to be green
manured, either as a pure crop or an
intercrop with the main crop.
Common green manure crops in this
system sun hemp (crotolariajuncea)
dhaincha (sesbaniaaculeata and
sesbaniarostrata), guar
(cyamopsistetragonoloba), etc.
green leaves and tender green
twigs collected from outside the
field to be green manured. The
common green manure crops, are
Glyricidia (Glyricidiamaculata),
Karanja (Pongamiapinnata) etc.
 Concentrated Organic Manures:
 Concentrated organic manure may be defined as a material of organic origin derived
from raw materials of animal or plant, without bulky in nature having no definite
composition of plant nutrients.
 The important concentrated organic manures are oilcakes, blood meal, fish manure etc.
These are also known as organic nitrogen fertilizer.
 However, concentrated organic manures are easy to handle and have relatively higher
plant nutritive value as compared to bulky organic manures. Besides these, it is quick-
acting organic manure when incorporated into the soil.

Characteristics Types of COM

•Plant nutrients in small •Oil cakes,

quantities and •Bone Meal,
•Organic matter in large •Meat Meal,
amounts. •Bird Guano
•Others etc.
 Oil Cakes:
 After oil is extracted from oilseeds, the remaining solid portion is dried as cake which
can, be used as manure. The oil cakes are of two types:
 Edible oil cakes which can be safely fed to livestock; e.g.: Groundnut cake, Coconut
cake etc.,
 Nonedible oil cakes which are not fit for feeding livestock; e.g.: Castor cake, Neem
cake, Mahua cake etc.,
 Both edible and non-edible oil cakes can be used as manures. However, edible oil cakes
are fed to cattle and non-edible oil cakes are used as manures especially for
horticultural crops. Nutrients present in oil cakes, after mineralization, are made
available to crops 7 to 10 days after application.
 Oilcakes need to be well powdered before application for even distribution and quicker
decomposition.
 Animal based concentred organic manures:
 Bone Meal: Bone meal when dried and powdered can be used as manure. It contains 3-
4% N, 20-25% P2O5.
 Meat meal: The meat of dead animals is dried and converted into meat meal which is a
good source of nitrogen. It contains 8-9% N and 7% P2O5.
 Bird guano: The excreta and dead remain of the birds. It contains 7-8% N, 11-14%
P2O5 & 2-3% K2O.
 Fish meal: The refuse left over after the extraction of oil from the fish in factories, is
dried in paved yards and used as manure. It contains 7% N & 8% P2O5.
 Advantages & disadvantage of organic manure:
Advantages
• Soil structure is improved and as a
result the soil’s ability to hold
onto water and nutrients increases.
• Plant Damage Threat Avoided
• It can reduce the need for
pesticides and the overall
nitrogen, phosphorus and
potassium requirements.
• Organic fertilizers do not run off
as easily (if at all) and are
associated with soil structure
Disadvantages
• Not all products are created
equally, and many organic
products produce inconsistent
results.
• The level of nutrients present in
organic fertilizer is often low
• While you can produce your own
compost, it’s a messy and
complicated process that often
leads to an inconsistent product
and end-result.
References:
 https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/org_farm/orgfarm_manure.html
 https://www.soilmanagementindia.com/organic-manures/organic-manures-
meaning-classification-and-reactions/2996
 https://slideplayer.com/slide/5821054/
 https://www.slideshare.net/jannatiftikhar/organic-fertilizers/2

Thank You !