SEMINAR ON

HUMAN AREA NETWORK (HAN)

Presented by :YASHWANTH M G
SRIKANTH RAI
RAJU D
Branch : Electronics & communication
College : SJCE
 AGENDA
• Introduction to HAN

• History

• Overview Of HAN

• What is RedTacton?

• Mechanism Of Communication

• Features Of HAN
• System Safety

• Applications

• Comparison Of Red Tacton with

other Technologies

• Red Tacton Devices

• Conclusion

• References
 Introduction
• For the implementation of easy-to use omnipresent
services, human area network technology for
communication between mobile terminals and between
terminals that are embedded in the environment has
become important.
• When cables are used for communication between
terminals, the routing of the cables is clearly inconvenient.
• When very weak radio signals are used for the
communication, data speeds are reduced by packet
collision and other such problems in crowded places such
as exhibition sites and security risk from unwanted signal
interception is another problem.
 So what is the new networking
technology?

• Technology for solving such problems includes

the use of the person’s body as a signal path for
communication.

• A transmission path is formed automatically when

a person comes into contact with a device, and
communication between mobile terminals begins.
 Human Area Network

Human Area Networking is a technology that safely turns the surface of the
human body into a data transmission path at speeds up to 10 Mbps between
any two points on the body.
 History Of HAN

• The concept of intra-body communication

was first proposed by IBM.

• This communication mechanism was later

evaluated and reported by several research
groups around the world.

• All those reported technologies had two

limitations.
 Limitations:
1.The operating range through the body was
limited to a few tens of centimeters .
2.The top communication speed was only 40
bit/s.

• These limitations were overcome by NTT (Nippon

Telegraph and Telephone Corporation) by using
photonic electric field sensors and finally came up
with a human area networking technology called
‘RED TACTON’ in 2005.
 Overview Of HAN
• Red Tacton is a new Human Area Networking
technology that turns the surface of the human
body as a safe, high speed network transmission
path.

• Communication is possible using any body surfaces,

such as the hands, fingers, arms, feet, face, legs or
toes.

• Red Tacton works through shoes and clothing as

well.
• Red Tacton uses the minute electric field emitted on the
surface of the human body for data transmission.

• NTT developed super sensitive Photonic electric field

sensor for detecting minute electric
field emitted on the surface of the human body.

• One of the main feature of Photonic electric field sensor

is:
• It supports one-point contact measurement that
is independent of the ground.
 Electro-Optic Sensor

• NTT has had excellent success with an electro-

optic sensor combining an electro-optic crystal
with laser light and recently reported an
application of this sensor for measuring high-
frequency electronic devices.
• The electro-optic sensor has three key features:
• It can measure electric fields from a device under
test without contacting it, which minimizes
measurement disturbance.
 Contd…

• Ultrawide-band measurement is possible and

• It supports one-point contact measurement that is
independent of the ground, which is the most
significant feature in the present context.
• NTT utilized this third feature to fabricate an
intrabody communication receiver for its human
area networking technology, which is called
RedTacton
 Meaning of RED Tacton

Tacton “touch-act-on” Meaning

“action triggered by touching”.

RED It is an auspicious color

according to Japanese
Culture.
 Block diagram of REDTACTON
Transceivers

Transceiver device block diagram

It consists of:
Transmitter Receiver
• Transmitter circuit • Detector circuit
• Data sense circuit
• Control signal • Electro-optic sensor
 How REDTACTON Works?
• Using a new super-sensitive photonic electric field sensor,
RedTacton can achieve duplex communication over the
human body at a maximum speed of 10 Mbps.
• The transmitter induces a weak electric field on the surface
of the body.
• The RedTacton receiver senses changes in the weak electric
field on the surface of the body caused by the transmitter
• RedTacton relies upon the principle that the optical
properties of an electro-optic crystal can vary according to
the changes of a weak electric field.
• RedTacton detects changes in the optical properties of an
electro-optic crystal using a laser and converts the result to
an electrical signal in a optical receiver circuit.
Mechanism Of Communication With RedTacton
• The transmitter sends data by
inducing fluctuations in the minute
electric field on the surface of the
human body.
• Data is received using a photonic
electric field sensor that combines an
electro-optic crystal and a laser light
to detect fluctuations in the minute
electric field.
Ea Eb Ec Es
Use of Photonic
E-F indused by E-F returning to E-F Dissipating Detected E-F at E-F Sensor
Transmitter GND of TX Into Earth Receiver
 Features Of Human Area Network

Touch
Communication with just a
touch or step!

TOUCH

Broadband And
Interactive
Broadband do not Any-Media
deteriorate even Works with many
Broadband & Any-Media
with duplex Interactive transmission media
operation And common in human
simultaneous life!
access by many
users!
 System Safety

.NO current flows into human body from redtacton

devices.

•However the body indirectly receives a minute electric

field. This causes electrons already present inside the
body to move, creating a minute displacement current

•Displacement current occurring in the body is small enough.

 Safety contd..

• Red Tacton conforms to the safety guideline of induced

current.

• It is certified with Radiofrequency-exposure protection

guideline ( rcr std-38).

Radiofrequency-exposure protection guideline

(rcr std-38)

Electric field intensity : less than 82.4 v/m

Displacement Current : less than 45 mA at frequency of 10Mhz
 Applications

Four major application fields using Red Tacton are introduced:

1. One to One services

2. Intuitive Operations

3. Personalization

4. Security Applications
 1.One to One Services Touch

• Information recorded in the Red Tacton device is sent to the

touched objects.

• Appropriate service is provided based on the information

received by the Red Tacton receiver.
 Elimination of Human Errors

• RedTacton devices embedded in medicine bottles

transmit information on the medicines' attributes. If the
user touches the wrong medicine, an alarm will trigger on
the terminal he is carrying.
• The alarm sounds only if the user actually touches the
medicine bottle, reducing false alarms common with
passive wireless ID tags, which can trigger simply by
proximity.
 Marketing Applications (context awareness)

Touch
advertising and
receive
information

• When a consumer standing in front of an advertising

panel touchs it, advertising and information matching his
or her attributes is automatically displayed. By touching
the items they are interested in, consumers can get more
in-depth information.
 Broadband
2. Intuitive Operations touch &
Interactive

• Natural movements and actions are the trigger (touch).

•There's no “triggering" any more. Just intuitive human

interaction.

• Red Tacton transceivers embedded in two terminals can

communicate not only data but also the control or configuration
instructions needed to operate devices (broadband & interactive).
a) Intuitive Operations

•Touch a printer to print

Print out wherever we want just by touching the desired printer with
one hand and a PC or digital camera with the other hand to make the
link.
 Instant private data exchange

•Instantaneous private
network via personal
handshake

• By shaking hands, personal profile data can be exchanged

between mobile terminals on the users. (Electronic
exchange of business cards) Communication can be kept
private using authentication and encryption technologies
 3. Personalization touch
Broadband
&
Interactive

• Digital lifestyle can be instantly personalized with just a touch.

• A pre-recorded configuration script can be embedded in a

mobile terminal with built-in Red Tacton transceiver.

• When another device with Red Tacton capabilities is touched,

personalization data and configuration scripts can be
downloaded automatically.
 Personalization of Automobiles

•Just sitting on the

seat riggers the car
to load all its
presets, just the
way you like

• The seat position and steering wheel height adjust to

match the driver just by sitting in the car. The driver's
home is set as the destination in the car navigation
system.The stereo plays the driver's favorite song.
 touch
4. Security Applications Broadband
& Any media
Interactive

• Red Tacton enables automatic user authentication and log-in

with just a touch.

• ID and privileges are recorded in a mobile Red Tacton device.

• Corresponding Red Tacton receivers are installed at security

check points.

• The system can provide authentication and record who

touched the device, and when.
 User verification and lock management at entrance

•User
verification &
unlocking with
just a touch.

• Carrying a mobile RedTacton-capable device in one's

pocket, ID is verified and the door unlocked when the user
holds the doorknob normally. Secure lock administration is
possible by combining personal verification tools such as
fingerprint ID or other biometric in the mobile terminal
 Confidential document management

•Automatic access
log for confidential
document storage

• A RedTacton receiver in a cabinet where important

documents are stored enables lock administration and
keeps a record of who accessed documents at what time
 Other applications

Connect a
network by just
putting laptop on
the table.

An electrically conductive sheet is embedded in the

table.A network connection is initiated simply by placing
a lap-top on the table.Using different sheet patterns
enables segmentation of the table into subnets.
 Wireless
Headset

Users can listen to music from a RedTacton player simply

by putting on a headset.
Communications in new domain

• Red Tacton has the potential for

use as communication method in
outer space and under water.

• It also has the potential for

use as communication
method with devices inside
the human body.
 Comparison With Other Human
Communication Methods

• Red Tacton does not require the • With the electric amperage method,
electrode to be in direct contact with electrode must be in direct contact with
the skin. the skin.
• "Intra-body communication" using the human
body as a transmission medium have been
reported, but the electric field/photonics method
employed by RedTacton is superior to
conventional methods in terms of communication
distance, speed, and interactivity.
• P: Possible
N: Not possible
P*: Possible under certain conditions
Signal & Ground line Distance & Duplex communication Contact
Detection speed Between Between status
system mobile mobile
terminals terminals with the
and external electrod
equipment e

Amperage Clear signal Elbow to N P* The

electric lines needed fingertip at electrode
for body and approx. must be in
earth ground 3kbps constant
contact
with the
body to
maintain
good
conductivit
y
Voltage Capacity Wrist to P* P* Communication possible
electric coupling fingertip even when passing
between at through thin insulators
the earth approx.
ground 1kbps
and
equipme
nt
Electric field Capacity Anywher P P Communication possible
photonics coupling e on the even through shoes and
(RedTacton) between body at clothing
the earth up to
ground 10Mbps
and
equipme
nt
 Comparison with other network technologies

Wireless Infrared Red

Tacton
Evaluation Wireless Close- Contactless Passive Standard
criteria LAN range IC wireless data
wireles cards ID tag communi
s -
cation
Transfer E P P P P E
speed
(Can DVD-
quality
images
be sent?)
Performance P P E E E E
deterioration
during periods of
congestion
(Simultaneous use
by many people in
small spaces)

Duplex data transfer E E E P E E

(Interactive
processing)

Data configuration E E P P E E
at initiation of
communications
(Registration of ID
profiles, etc)
Tasks E E P E P E
required at
time of
each
communicati
on
(Adjustment
of contacts
and optical
axis)
Tasks P P E E P E
required at
time of
each
communicati
on
(Adjustment
of contacts
and optical
axis)
 Red Tacton Devices
NTT has made two types of devices:
PC card type Box type

Communication speed: 10 Mbps Communication speed, etc., have

Protocols: TCP/IP not been determined yet.
Communication method: Half-duplex (The device is under
interface: PCMCIA development).
Redtacton transceiver (HUB type)

Communication speed: 10 Mbps

Protocols: TCP/IP
Communication method: Half- duplex
Interface: RJ45
 Plans for Commercialization

• NTT plans to search for promising usage that

have the potential to lead to the commercialization
of the various functionalities of the RedTacton
under its Comprehensive Producer Function.
• NTT is searching for applications requiring the
communication capabilities of RedTacton but
which cannot be well-served using conventional
wired or wireless LAN or even wireless ID tags.
• NTT plans to conduct collaborative field testing
with external companies and organizations for the
purpose of investigating the commercial potential
of the RedTacton technology.

• NTT's Comprehensive Producer Function

This is an initiative started by NTT in July 2003 to
innovate R&D management to overcome the
"Valley of Death," which lies
 Conclusion

• RedTacton is an exciting new technology

for human area networking. We have
developed a transceiver that uses the human
body as a data transmission medium based
on an electric-field sensor that uses an
electro-optic crystal and laser light.
RedTacton system supporting two-way
intrabody communication at a rate of 10
Mbit/s between any two points on the body.
• NTT plans to develop transceivers
with an emphasis on portability that are
more compact and less power consumption.
Through field testing, NTT will continue to
investigate and improve the robustness of
Human Area Networking and human body
surface communication applications
 References:

1) http: //www.redtacton.com/

2) http://www.arib.or.jp/

3) http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/

4) http://www.ntt.com/
THE END

thank you.