Group Member :

Name Id

Sree Biplob Ray 15107004

Md Shohag Babu 15107010

Sayed Omer Faruk 15107011

Md. Ashrafuzzamn 15107012

Md Sajedul Islam 15107013

 Introduction
 Pelton Turbine
 Parts of pelton Turbine
 Working Principle of Pelton Turbine
 Velocity Triangle, design categories
 Characteristics of pelton turbine
 A water turbine is a
rotary machine that
converts kinetic energy
and potential energy of
water into mechanical
work.
 Water turbines are
mostly found in dams to
generate electric power
from water kinetic
energy
 The Pelton wheel is an impulse
type turbine.
 The Pelton wheel turbine is a
tangential flow impulse
turbine.
 The pelton wheel turbine is
most efficient in high head
applications.
 The pressure of water both
entering and leaving the vanes
is atmospheric.
 It was invented by Lester Allan Pelton in the 1870s.
 By the mid 1870's, Pelton had developed a wooden
prototype of his new wheel.
 The first Pelton Wheel was installed at the
Mayflower Mine in Nevada City in 1878.
1. Horizontal pelton turbine
2. Vertical pelton Turbine
 Horizontal arrangement
is found only in medium
and small sized turbines
with usually one or two
jets.
 Large Pelton turbines
with many jets are
normally arranged with
vertical shaft

 The jets are

symmetrically
distributed around the
runner to balance the jet
forces
 PENSTOCK
 RUNNER
 CASING
 SPEAR ROD
 DEFLECTOR
 NOZZLE
 BRAKE NOZZLE
 Penstock is a solid
pipe which take water
from the dam and
take it to the turbine
at very high speed.
 Each pelton turbine
has a specific number
of buckets attached to
its runner. Buckets
take the impact of
water and start to
rotate along the
runner.
 The Pelton runners may
be designed either for
casting of the disc and
buckets in one piece, i.e.
monocast, or the disc
and each of the buckets
are casted in separate
pieces.
 The buckets are made of
cast iron, cast steel
bronze or stainless steel
depending upon the
head at the inlet of the
turbine.[3]
 Casing is an important
part of Pelton Turbine
unit, which acts as a
housing for runner and
nozzle tips and the
support for Generator.
 Internal surfaces of
casing should be
designed to prevent the
water, leaving the
buckets, deflected back
against the runner.[4]
 A spear is provided
with in the nozzle and
its main function is to
increase and decrease
the speed of water
entering into the
turbine.
 If more water is needed
spear move back and
allow more to enter into
the turbine.
 If less water is needed
spear moves forward.
 Jet deflectors have the
function of diverting
the water flow or part
of it between the
nozzle and the rotor
in such a way that it
does not hit the
buckets. These may be
used for an
emergency stop.
 If the power has to be
reduced quickly, the
governor moves the jet
deflector into the jet,
thus diverting part of
the water from the
buckets and reducing
the power transferred to
the rotor.
 The governor then
adjusts the discharge by
slowly moving the
needle.
 Nozzle is provided at
end of pen stock and
its main function is to
increase the velocity
of the water and to
direct it to the buckets
of the turbine.
When turbine is need to
be stopped then water is
thrown at the back of the
buckets from another
nozzle called break
nozzle
• From the head race in the
mountains water is conveyed to
the turbines installed in the
power house through the
penstocks

• The lower end of the penstock is

joined with a nozzle in the
turbine casing

• Water is delivered by the nozzle

at a high velocity on the buckets.
• These buckets are mounted on the
periphery of a circular wheel (also
known as runner) which is
generally mounted on a horizontal
shaft.

• The quantity of water coming out

of the nozzle or nozzles can be
controlled by regulators
(governing arrangement)
• The impact of water on
the buckets causes the
runner to rotate, thus
develops mechanical energy.

• After doing work on the

buckets water is discharged
in the tail race
• Being impulse turbine it
must run at atmospheric
pressure and therefore,
these are located above the
tail race.
• The buckets are so shaped that
water enters tangentially in the
middle and discharges
backward and flows again
tangentially in both the
direction to avoid thrust on
the wheel

• Actually the jet is deflected

by 160° To produce electric
energy these are coupled
with the electric generators
 α = Nozzle angle
 Θ = Vane angle at inlet
 ϕ = Vane angle at outlet
 β = Angle between V2 and U2
 V1, V2 = Absolute velocity at inlet and outlet
 Vr1, Vr2 = Relative velocity of jet at inlet and outlet
 Vw1,Vw2 = Whirl velocity at inlet and outlet
 Vf1,Vf2 = Flow velocity at inlet and outlet
 The Specific Speed of a turbine is defined as the speed of an imaginary
Turbine which will developed 1 unit of power under unit head.
 China produces the most electricity from
hydroelectric power, some 856.4 billion
kilowatt hours a year, more than double
the amount produced by Brazil, in second
place
 These are curves which are characteristic of a
particular turbine which helps in studying the
performance of the turbine under various
conditions

 The characteristics curves are drawn for

constant head or constant speed of the turbine
runner. The curves are sometime drawn for
various gate opening.
  Speed ratio vs %of maximum efficiency

It is a parabolic curve, which shows the efficiency increases from

zero, and beyond the value of =0.46, the efficiency decreases.
 Power versus efficiency
Speed versus Power
 Speed versus Efficiency
36