Analyzing The Cisco Enterprise Campus Architecture: CCNP SWITCH: Implementing IP Switching

Chapter 1:
Analyzing The Cisco

Enterprise Campus
Architecture
CCNP SWITCH: Implementing IP Switching
Course v6 Chapter #
© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1
Chapter 1 Objectives
 Describe common campus design options and how design
choices affect implementation and support of a campus
LAN.
 Describe the access, distribution, and core layers.
 Describe small, medium, and large campus network
designs.
 Describe the prepare, plan, design, implement, operate,
optimize (PPDIOO) methodology.
 Describe the network lifecycle approach to campus design.
Chapter #
Introduction to
Enterprise
Campus
Network Design
Chapter #
Enterprise Network
 Core (Backbone)
 Campus
 Data Center
 Branch
 WAN
 Internet Edge
Chapter #
Regulatory Standards (U.S.)
 There may be several legal regulations that have an impact
on a network’s design.
 US regulations on networks include:
• Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
• Sarbanes-Oxley Act
• “Records to Be Preserved by Certain Exchange Members, Brokers
and Dealers”: Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Rule 17a-
4
Chapter #
Campus Designs
 Modular - easily supports growth and change. Scaling the
network is eased by adding new modules in lieu of
complete redesigns.
 Resilient - proper high-availability (HA) characteristics
result in near-100% uptime.
 Flexible - change in business is a guarantee for any
enterprise. These changes drive campus network
requirements to adapt quickly.
Chapter #
Multilayer Switches in Campus Networks
 Hardware-based routing using
Application-Specific Integrated
Circuits (ASICs)
 RIP, OSPF, and EIGRP are
supported
 Layer 3 switching speeds
approximate that of Layer 2
switches
 Layer 4 and Layer 7 switching
supported on some switches
 Future: Pure Layer 3
environment leveraging
inexpensive L3 access layer
switches
Chapter #
Cisco Switches
 Catalyst 6500 Family – used in campus, data center, and
core as well as WAN and branch
• Up to 13 slots and 16 10-Gigabit Ethernet interfaces
• Redundant power supplies, fans, and supervisor engines
• Runs Cisco IOS
 Catalyst 4500 Family – used in distribution layer and in
collapsed core environments
• Up to 10 slots and several 10-Gigabit Ethernet interfaces
• Runs Cisco IOS
 Catalyst 3560 and 3750 Families – used in fixed-port
scenarios at the access and distribution layers
 Nexus 2000, 5000, and 7000 Families – NX-OS based
modular data center switches
Chapter #
Multilayer Switching Miscellany
 ASIC-based (hardware)  Catalyst 6500 switches with
switching is supported even a Supervisor Engine 720 and
with QoS and ACLs, a Multilayer Switch Feature
depending on the platform; Card (MSFC3) must
6500 switches support software-switch all packets
hardware-based switching requiring Network Address
with much larger ACLs than Translation.
3560 switches.  Unlike CPUs, ASICs scale in
 ASICs on Catalyst switches switching architectures.
work in tandem with ternary ASICs integrate onto
content addressable memory individual line modules of
(TCAM) and packet-matching Catalyst switches to
algorithms for high-speed hardware-switch packets in a
switching. distributed manner.
Chapter #
Traffic Types
 Network Management – BPDU, CDP, SNMP, RMON, SSH
traffic (for example); low bandwidth
 IP Telephony – Signaling traffic and encapsulated voice traffic;
low bandwidth
 IP Multicast – IP/TV and market data applications; intensive
configuration requirements; very high bandwidth
 Normal Data – File and print services, email, Internet browsing,
database access, shared network applications; low to medium
bandwidth
 Scavenger Class – All traffic with protocols or patterns that
exceed normal data flows; less than best-effort traffic, such as
peer-to-peer traffic (instant messaging, file sharing, IP phone
calls, video conferencing); medium to high bandwidth
Chapter #
Client-Server Applications
 Mail servers
 File servers
 Database servers
 Access to applications is
fast, reliable, and secure
Chapter #
Client-Enterprise Edge Applications
 Servers on the enterprise
edge, exchanging data
between an organization
and its public servers
 Examples: external mail
servers, e-commerce
servers, and public web
servers
 Security and high
availability are paramount
Chapter #
Service-Oriented Network Architecture (SONA)
 Application Layer – business and collaboration applications; meet business

requirements leveraging interactive services layer.
 Interactive Services Layer – enable efficient allocation of resources to
applications and business processes through the networked infrastructure.
 Networked Infrastructure Layer – where all IT resources interconnect.
Chapter #
Borderless Networks
 Enterprise architecture launched by Cisco in October 2009.
 Model enables businesses to transcend borders, access
resources anywhere, embrace business productivity, and
lower business and IT costs.
 Focuses more on growing enterprises into global
companies.
 Technical architecture based on three principles:
• Decoupling hardware from software
• Unifying computation, storage, and network
• Policy throughout the unified system
 Provides a platform for business innovation.
 Serves as the foundation for rich-media communications.
Chapter #
Enterprise
Campus Design
Chapter #
Building Access, Building Distribution, and Building
Core Layers
 Building Core Layer: high-
speed campus backbone
designed to switch packets as
fast as possible; provides high
availability and adapts quickly to
changes.
 Building Distribution Layer:
aggregate wiring closets and
use switches to segment
workgroups and isolate network
problems.
 Building Access Layer: grant
user access to network devices.
Chapter #
Core Layer
 Aggregates distribution layer switches.
 Implements scalable protocols and technologies and load
balancing.
 High-speed layer 3 switching using 10-Gigabit Ethernet.
 Uses redundant L3 links.
Chapter #
Distribution Layer
 High availability, fast path recovery, load balancing, QoS, and security
 Route summarization and packet manipulation
 Redistribution point between routing domains
 Packet filtering and policy routing to implement policy-based connectivity
 Terminate VLANs
 First Hop Redundancy Protocol
Chapter #
Access Layer
 High availability – supported by many hardware and software features, such
as redundant power supplies and First Hop Redundancy Protocols (FHRP).
 Convergence – provides inline Power over Ethernet (PoE) to support IP
telephony and wireless access points.
 Security – includes port security, DHCP snooping, Dynamic ARP inspection, IP
source guard.
Chapter #
Small Campus Network
 <200 end devices
 Collapsed core
 Catalyst 3560 and 2960G switches for access layer
 Cisco 1900 and 2900 routers to interconnect branch/WAN
Chapter #
Medium Campus Network
 200-1000 end devices
 Redundant multilayer switches at distribution layer
 Catalyst 4500 or 6500 switches
Chapter #
Large Campus Network
 >2000 end users
 Stricter adherence to core, distribution, access delineation
 Catalyst 6500 switches in core and distribution layers
 Nexus 7000 switches in data centers
 Division of labor amongst network engineers
Chapter #
Data Center Infrastructure
 Core layer – high-speed packet switching backplane
 Aggregation layer – service module integration, default gateway
redundancy, security, load balancing, content switching, firewall, SSL
offload, intrusion detection, network analysis
 Access layer – connects servers to network
Chapter #
PPDIOO Lifecycle
Approach to
Network Design
and
Implementation
Chapter #
PPDIOO Phases
 Prepare – establish organizational requirements.
 Plan – identify initial network requirements.
 Design – comprehensive, based on planning outcomes.
 Implement – build network according to design.
 Operate – maintain network health.
 Optimize – proactive management of network.
Chapter #
Lifecycle Approach
 Lowering the total cost of  Developing a sound
network ownership network design aligned
with technical
 Increasing network requirements and business
availability goals
 Improving business agility  Accelerating successful
 Speeding access to implementation
applications and services  Improving the efficiency of
 Identifying and validating your network and of the
staff supporting it
technology requirements
 Reducing operating
 Planning for infrastructure expenses by improving the
changes and resource efficiency of operational
requirements processes and tools
Chapter #
Lifecycle Approach (1)
 Benefits:
• Lowering the total cost of network ownership
• Increasing network availability
• Improving business agility
• Speeding access to applications and services
 Lower costs:
• Identify and validate technology requirements
• Plan for infrastructure changes and resource requirements
• Develop a sound network design aligned with technical requirements
and business goals
• Accelerate successful implementation
• Improve the efficiency of your network and of the staff supporting it
• Reduce operating expenses by improving the efficiency of operational
processes and tools
Chapter #
Lifecycle Approach (2)
 Improve high availability:
• Assessing the network’s security state and its capability to support the proposed design
• Specifying the correct set of hardware and software releases, and keeping them operational and current
• Producing a sound operations design and validating network operations
• Staging and testing the proposed system before deployment
• Improving staff skills
• Proactively monitoring the system and assessing availability trends and alerts
 Gain business agility:
• Establishing business requirements and technology strategies
• Readying sites to support the system that you want to implement
• Integrating technical requirements and business goals into a detailed design and demonstrating
• that the network is functioning as specified
• Expertly installing, configuring, and integrating system components
• Continually enhancing performance
 Accelerate access to network applications and services:
• Assessing and improving operational preparedness to support current and planned network technologies
and services
• Improving service-delivery efficiency and effectiveness by increasing availability, resource capacity, and
performance
• Improving the availability, reliability, and stability of the network and the applications running on it
• Managing and resolving problems affecting your system and keeping software applications current
Chapter #
Planning a Network Implementation
 Implementation Components:
• Description of the step
• Reference to design documents
• Detailed implementation guidelines
• Detailed roll-back guidelines in case of failure
• Estimated time needed for implementation
 Summary Implementation Plan – overview of
implementation plan
 Detailed Implementation Plan – describes exact steps
necessary to complete the implementation phase, including
steps to verify and check the work of the network engineers
implementing the plan
Chapter #
Chapter 1 Summary
 Evolutionary changes are occurring within the campus
network.
 Evolution requires careful planning and deployments based
on hierarchical designs.
 As the network evolves, new capabilities are added, usually
driven by application data flows.
 Implementing the increasingly complex set of business-
driven capabilities and services in the campus architecture
is challenging if done in a piecemeal fashion.
 Any successful architecture must be based on a foundation
of solid design theory and principles. The adoption of an
integrated approach based on solid systems design
principles is a key to success.
Chapter #
Chapter 1 Labs
 Lab 1-1 Clearing a Switch
 Lab 1-2 Clearing a Switch Connected to a Larger Network
Chapter #
Resources
 www.cisco.com/en/US/products
Chapter #
Chapter #

Analyzing The Cisco Enterprise Campus Architecture: CCNP SWITCH: Implementing IP Switching

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Chapter 1:

Analyzing The Cisco

CCNP SWITCH: Implementing IP Switching

 Application Layer – business and collaboration applications; meet business

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